丹参酮ⅡA对H9c2心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤的保护机制

2014-12-25 00:53吴爱萍等
中国现代医生 2014年33期

吴爱萍等

[摘要] 目的 观察丹参酮IIA对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及相关信号传导通路。 方法 通过建立H9c2心肌细胞缺血再灌注模型,分别加入不同浓度丹参酮IIA,采用CCK-8检测细胞存活率,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;另外分为丹参酮IIA组、AG490组、丹参酮IIA及AG490组,通过Western blot方法检测JAK2、P-JAK2、STAT3、P-STAT3蛋白表达。 结果 CCK-8检测显示模型组细胞存活率为78.90%±5.163%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);丹参酮IIA 2.5 μM组细胞存活率为85.76%±6.101%,与模型组比较,P>0.05;丹参酮IIA 10 μM组细胞存活率为90.62%±2.321%,与模型组比较,P<0.05;丹参酮IIA 40 μM组细胞存活率为86.38%±4.712%,与模型组比,P<0.05;流式细胞术检测显示加入丹参酮IIA缺血再灌注导致的心肌细胞凋亡数减少;丹参酮IIA组P-JAK2、P-STAT3蛋白表达较缺血再灌注组明显上升,而AG490组的P-JAK2蛋白表达明显下调。 结论 丹参酮ⅡA可改善缺血再灌注引起的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,其保护机制可能与JAK2/STAT3信号通路有关。

[关键词] 丹参酮IIA; H9c2心肌细胞; 缺血再灌注; JAK2/STAT3信号通路

[中图分类号] R965 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)33-0001-03

[Abstract] Objective To study the protective effect of tanshinone IIA on myocardial ischemia-reperfution(I/R) injury and related signialing pathway. Methods Made H9c2 myocytes I/R models, add different concentrations of tanshinone IIA after 24 hours, then test apoptosis rate by cck-8 and flow cytometry. Add tanshinone IIA, AG490, tanshinone IIA+AG490 respectively, then assay the expression of JAK2, P-JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3 by western blot. Results CCK-8 tests showed the cell survival rate of model group was 78.90%±5.163%, compared with the control group had statistical differences. Compared with the model group, the cell survival rate increased to 85.76%±6.101% at the tanshinone IIA concentration of 2.5 μM(P>0.05), increased to 90.62%±2.321% at the tanshinone IIA concentration of 10 μM (P<0.05), and increased to 86.38%±4.712% at the tanshinone IIA concentration of 40 μM (P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis also displayed tanshinone IIA could decrease the number of myocardial apoptosis which caused by I/R injury. The expression of P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 increased in tanshinone IIA group compared to I/R group. The expression of P-JAK2 reduced in AG490 group. Conclusion Tanshinone IIA can reduce I/R induced myocardial apoptosis, and the protective mechanism may be related to the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.

[Key words] Tanshinone IIA; H9c2 cells; Ischemia-reperfusion; JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway

随着人口的老龄化,缺血性心脏病(尤其是冠心病)发病率逐年升高,是当今世界尤其是发展中国家致死率最高的疾病[1]。心肌缺血疾病治疗的根本措施在于及时、有效的恢复缺血心肌的灌注,然而心肌缺血一定时间再恢复血流供应后,心肌细胞功能代谢障碍及结构破坏可出现未减轻反而加重的情况,即心肌缺血再灌注损伤。目前急诊溶栓、经皮冠状动脉内成形术等再灌注治疗广泛开展,缺血再灌注损伤成为阻碍缺血心肌从再灌注治疗中获得最佳疗效的临床亟待解决的难题。

丹参酮ⅡA 是从丹参中提取的一种脂溶性成分,具有抗缺氧、改善微循环、改善血液流变学特性、舒张冠状动脉、减轻心肌缺血等多种药理作用,目前已有研究证实丹参酮IIA预处理可减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤[2]。心肌缺血再灌注损伤时,多种细胞外信号被激活,均可通过Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活子(janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)通路发挥作用,改变心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生、发展和转归。JAK2/STAT3作为JAK/STAT的重要亚型,在心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护机制中具有核心作用。本实验通过建立H9c2心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤模型,进一步研究丹参酮IIA对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护机制,探讨其与JAK2/STAT3途径相关机制,为心肌缺血再灌注损伤的治疗提供新的依据。

1材料与方法

1.1 细胞株与主要试剂

H9c2大鼠心肌细胞株来自美国ATCC,在含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM完全培养基内,5%CO2、37℃培养。JAK2激酶抑制剂(AG490,Calbiochem公司,美国);丹参酮IIA(雅安三九药业有限公司提供,批号981011)。

1.2 心肌缺血再灌注模型建立及分组

按文献[3]方法对H9c2细胞进行缺血再灌注处理。配制正常台氏液:140 mmol/L NaCl,6 mmol/L KCl,1 mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L CaCl2,5 mmol/L HEPES,5.8 mmol/L葡萄糖,pH 7.4。配制缺血台氏液:140 mmol/L NaCl,6 mmol/L KCl,1mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L CaCl2,5 mmol/L HEPES,10 mmol/L D-2-脱氧葡萄糖,10 mmol/L Na2S2O4,pH 7.4。对数生长期细胞,去除培养基,PBS洗涤后,加入正常台氏液预培养1 h后制备缺血再灌注模型,加入缺血台氏液培养24 h。实验分为对照组、缺血再灌注组、丹参酮IIA组、AG490组及丹参酮IIA+AG490组。

1.3实验方法及观察指标

①细胞损伤的测定:采用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率,H9c2细胞加入缺血台氏液培养24 h后分别加入丹参酮IIA 2.5 μM,10 μM,40 μM,按照密度为2×104/孔接种至96孔板,于37℃孵育3 h后,通过酶标仪于450 nm波长下行吸光度值测定。对照组细胞存活率设定为100%,细胞存活率=实验组/对照组×100%。H9c2细胞加入缺血台氏液培养24 h后实验组分别加入丹参酮IIA 2.5 μM,10 μM,40 μM,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。②H9c2细胞加入缺血台氏液培养24 h后分别加入丹参酮IIA 10 μM,AG490 50 μM,丹参酮IIA 10 μM及AG490 50 μM,通过westernblot方法检测JAK2、P-JAK2、STAT3、P-STAT3蛋白表达。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件,计量资料以(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 丹参酮ⅡA抑制心肌缺血再灌注造成的细胞凋亡

2.1.1 不同浓度丹参酮IIA对细胞存活率的影响 CCK-8检测显示模型组细胞存活率为(78.90±5.163)%,与对照组比较具有统计学意义(t=-9.138,P=0.001);丹参酮IIA 2.5 μM组细胞存活率为(85.76±6.101)%,与模型组比较无统计学意义(t=1.919,P=0.091);丹参酮IIA 10 μM组细胞存活率为(90.62±2.321)%,与模型组比较具有统计学意义(t=4.629,P=0.002);丹参酮IIA 40 μM组细胞存活率为(86.38±4.712)%,与模型组比较具有统计学意义(t=2.393,P=0.044)。 见图1。

3 讨论

心肌缺血再灌注损伤是冠状动脉内溶栓、冠脉搭桥以及介入治疗中常见的严重并发症,目前仍缺乏有效防治方法,如何减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤已经成为缺血性心脏病研究的一大热点[4]。近年来中药减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究取得了较大进展,丹参酮ⅡA是一种从丹参中提取的脂溶性物质,具有作用广泛、副作用小和价格低等优点,目前临床上已用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛等。既往研究显示丹参酮ⅡA对大鼠缺血性脑损伤具有保护作用[5]。丹参酮ⅡA对心肌缺血再灌注损伤是否具有保护作用及其作用机制仍缺乏相关研究。

本研究通过H9c2细胞体外培养并建立缺血再灌注模型从细胞水平进行研究,观察丹参酮ⅡA对缺血再灌注后心肌的保护作用。CCK-8及流式细胞术检测均显示,丹参酮ⅡA组相对于缺血再灌注组凋亡心肌细胞数量明显减少,提示丹参酮ⅡA对缺血再灌注心肌具有保护作用,另外保护作用具剂量依赖性,CCK-8结果提示丹参酮IIA 10 μM组存活细胞数量增加明显。

Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活子(janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)通路作为细胞因子信号传导的重要途径,广泛参与细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等多种生理、病理过程[6],参与改变心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生、发展和转归[7]。研究证明,早期的再灌注损伤、钙超载引起线体通透性转换孔过度开放,导致线粒体肿胀、 外膜破裂,释放凋亡诱导因子和细胞色素 C,诱导细胞凋亡分子的上调,启动细胞的凋亡和死亡级联反应[8-10]。JAK/STAT信号通路的激活能够抑制凋亡,保护心肌细胞,而JAK2/STAT3是JAK/STAT通路中的重要成员之一,在心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护机制中具有核心作用[11-13]。

AG490是JAK2的特异性抑制剂,阻断JAK2 及下游蛋白STAT3的磷酸化。本研究发现,与缺血再灌注组比较,丹参酮ⅡA组能显著诱导JAK2磷酸化表达增加,而AG490明显削弱丹参酮ⅡA组所诱导的JAK2磷酸化,提示丹参酮ⅡA的心肌保护作用可能是通过激活JAK2通路,进一步调节凋亡相关蛋白的表达,减少心肌细胞凋亡,使缺血再灌注造成的损伤得到缓解。

本实验仍存在不足,仅通过H9c2心肌细胞体外培养在细胞水平进行研究,丹参酮ⅡA在动物水平是否具有减轻缺血再灌注损伤作用及其机制仍待进一步研究。通过本实验初步表明丹参酮ⅡA可降低H9c2心肌细胞缺血再灌注引起的细胞凋亡,其保护机制可能与JAK2/STAT3信号通路有关,丹参酮ⅡA可能成为治疗缺血性心肌病的重要选择。

[参考文献]

[1] Mendis S,Puska P,Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control[M]. Geneva:The World Health Organization,2011:4.

[2] Zhang Y,Wei L,Sun D,et al. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010,12(4):316-322.

[3] Chanoit G,Lee S,Xi J,et al. Exogenous zinc protects cardiac cells from reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,295(3):H1227-H1233.

[4] 翟昌林,黎莉,张运,等. 丹皮酚对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护中HMGB1 表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药学刊,2012,10(30):2284-2286.

[5] 何治,潘志红,鲁文红. 丹参酮IIA对局灶性脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用及其机制初探[J]. 中药药理与临床,2009,25(5):32-34.

[6] Ma XJ,Zhang XH,Li CM,et al. Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2006; 40(6):327-333.

[7] Seidel HM,Lamb P,Rosen J. Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway[J]. Oncogene,2000,19(21):2645-2656.

[8] Walters AM,Porter GA Jr,Brookes PS. Mitochondria as a drug target in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy[J].Circ Res,2012,111(9):1222-1236.

[9] Kubli DA,Gustafsson AB. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control[J]. Circ Res,2012, 111(9):1208-1221.

[10] Ziegelhoffer A,Mujkosova J,Ferko M,et al. Dual influence of spontaneous hypertension on membrane properties and ATPproduction in heart and kidney mitochondria in rat: effect of captopril andnifedipine,adaptation and dysadaptation[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2012,90(9):1311-1323.

[11] Xuan YT,Guo Y,Han H,et al. An essential role of the JAK-STAT pathway in ischemic preconditioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(16):9050-9055.

[12] Hattori R,Maulik N,Otani H,et al. Role of STAT3 in ischemic preconditioning[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol,2001,33(11):1929-1936.

[13] Goodman MD,Koch SE,Afzal MR,et al. STAT subtype specificity and ischemic preconditioning in mice:is STAT-3 enough[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2011,300(2):H522-526.

(收稿日期:2014-09-19)

[参考文献]

[1] Mendis S,Puska P,Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control[M]. Geneva:The World Health Organization,2011:4.

[2] Zhang Y,Wei L,Sun D,et al. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010,12(4):316-322.

[3] Chanoit G,Lee S,Xi J,et al. Exogenous zinc protects cardiac cells from reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,295(3):H1227-H1233.

[4] 翟昌林,黎莉,张运,等. 丹皮酚对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护中HMGB1 表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药学刊,2012,10(30):2284-2286.

[5] 何治,潘志红,鲁文红. 丹参酮IIA对局灶性脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用及其机制初探[J]. 中药药理与临床,2009,25(5):32-34.

[6] Ma XJ,Zhang XH,Li CM,et al. Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2006; 40(6):327-333.

[7] Seidel HM,Lamb P,Rosen J. Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway[J]. Oncogene,2000,19(21):2645-2656.

[8] Walters AM,Porter GA Jr,Brookes PS. Mitochondria as a drug target in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy[J].Circ Res,2012,111(9):1222-1236.

[9] Kubli DA,Gustafsson AB. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control[J]. Circ Res,2012, 111(9):1208-1221.

[10] Ziegelhoffer A,Mujkosova J,Ferko M,et al. Dual influence of spontaneous hypertension on membrane properties and ATPproduction in heart and kidney mitochondria in rat: effect of captopril andnifedipine,adaptation and dysadaptation[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2012,90(9):1311-1323.

[11] Xuan YT,Guo Y,Han H,et al. An essential role of the JAK-STAT pathway in ischemic preconditioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(16):9050-9055.

[12] Hattori R,Maulik N,Otani H,et al. Role of STAT3 in ischemic preconditioning[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol,2001,33(11):1929-1936.

[13] Goodman MD,Koch SE,Afzal MR,et al. STAT subtype specificity and ischemic preconditioning in mice:is STAT-3 enough[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2011,300(2):H522-526.

(收稿日期:2014-09-19)

[参考文献]

[1] Mendis S,Puska P,Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control[M]. Geneva:The World Health Organization,2011:4.

[2] Zhang Y,Wei L,Sun D,et al. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010,12(4):316-322.

[3] Chanoit G,Lee S,Xi J,et al. Exogenous zinc protects cardiac cells from reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,295(3):H1227-H1233.

[4] 翟昌林,黎莉,张运,等. 丹皮酚对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护中HMGB1 表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药学刊,2012,10(30):2284-2286.

[5] 何治,潘志红,鲁文红. 丹参酮IIA对局灶性脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用及其机制初探[J]. 中药药理与临床,2009,25(5):32-34.

[6] Ma XJ,Zhang XH,Li CM,et al. Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J]. Scand Cardiovasc J,2006; 40(6):327-333.

[7] Seidel HM,Lamb P,Rosen J. Pharmaceutical intervention in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway[J]. Oncogene,2000,19(21):2645-2656.

[8] Walters AM,Porter GA Jr,Brookes PS. Mitochondria as a drug target in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy[J].Circ Res,2012,111(9):1222-1236.

[9] Kubli DA,Gustafsson AB. Mitochondria and mitophagy: the yin and yang of cell death control[J]. Circ Res,2012, 111(9):1208-1221.

[10] Ziegelhoffer A,Mujkosova J,Ferko M,et al. Dual influence of spontaneous hypertension on membrane properties and ATPproduction in heart and kidney mitochondria in rat: effect of captopril andnifedipine,adaptation and dysadaptation[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2012,90(9):1311-1323.

[11] Xuan YT,Guo Y,Han H,et al. An essential role of the JAK-STAT pathway in ischemic preconditioning[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98(16):9050-9055.

[12] Hattori R,Maulik N,Otani H,et al. Role of STAT3 in ischemic preconditioning[J]. J Mol Cell Cardiol,2001,33(11):1929-1936.

[13] Goodman MD,Koch SE,Afzal MR,et al. STAT subtype specificity and ischemic preconditioning in mice:is STAT-3 enough[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2011,300(2):H522-526.

(收稿日期:2014-09-19)