Module 9Unit 3—4 单元点拨

一、重点词汇

1. object vi. 反对，不赞同 n. 物体； 目标； 宾语

[课文原句] When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their American colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （Page34， Line 24Page34， Line 27）

[点拨] object 在句中是不及物动词，意为“不同意；不赞成；反对”，可构成短语：

object to sb. / sth. 反对；不赞成某人/某事；

object to doing sth. 反对某人做某事

To our disappointment， he objected to our plan， and without his support， we could hardly do anything. 令我感到失望的是，他反对我们的计划，而且，没他的支持，我们讲什么也做不了。

I object to being treated like this. 我反对受到这样的对待。

[拓展] （1）object也可作及物动词，意为“以……为理由反对，反对说……”。

Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. 母亲反对说，吉米身体虚弱，不可承担那份工作。

（2）object可作名词，意为“物体；对象；目的；宾语”。

What are those strange objects？ 那些奇怪的物体是什么？

Our object is to get the truth. 我们的目的是弄清事实真相。

2. submit

[课文原句] At this， the Americans demanded separation from Britain， and， on 4 July 1776， they declared that they would no longer submit to British rule. （Page35， Lines 2728）

[点拨] submit在句中作不及物动词，意为“顺从，屈服，投降”，可构成短语submit to。

He submitted unwillingly to his mother. 他不情愿地屈服于他母亲。

[拓展]（1）submit作及物动词，意为“使服从，使屈服”，可构成短语submit oneself to。

Should a wife submit herself to her husband？ 妻子应顺从丈夫吗？

（2）submit作及物动词，还可表示“呈递，提交”。常用结构是submit sth. to sb.。

He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council. 他将城市发展建议提交市议会。

3. bound

[课文原句] ...， then you are bound to be disappointed. （Page41）

[点拨] bound在句中是形容词，意为“一定会，很可能会”，构成短语be bound to。

The party is bound to be enjoyable.这次聚会肯定会很愉快。

[拓展] bound作形容词，还可表示“受约束；有义务；正旅行去（某地）；准备前往（某地）”。

She is bound to her family. 她被家庭束缚住了。

4. substitute

[课文原句] After...， the Irish substituted a new flag for the old one. （Page37）

[点拨] substitute在句中作及物动词，意为“替换，替代”。

If you cannot go yourself， please find someone to substitute you. 你如果不能亲自去，请找人代替你。

[拓展]（1）substitute作不及物动词，意为“替换，替代”。

He substitutes as our teacher of English. 他代任我们的英语教师。

（2）substitute作名词，意为“代替人，代替物，代用品”，后面常接介词for。

Is the product a good substitute for sugar？ 新产品是糖的良好替代品吗？

5. compromise

[课文原句] When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their American colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （Page34， Line 24Page35， Line 27）endprint

[点拨] compromise 在句中作不及物动词，意为“妥协，折衷，互让，和解”。

They found it wiser to compromise with her. 他们觉得与她妥协更明智。

[拓展]（1）compromise可作及物动词，意为“连累，危害”。

You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people. 你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声。

（2）compromise可作名词，意为“妥协，和解，折衷；连累，危及”。

The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles. 这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。

6. sew

[课文原句] These flags are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. （Page34， Lines 12）

[点拨] sew在句中用作及物动词，意为“缝制，缝补”。如：

I made this skirt just by sewing two pieces of material together. 我把两片材料缝在一起做成了裙子。

[拓展] 动词sew还可与up连用，构成短语sew sth. up或sew up sth.，意为 “把……缝起来”。如：

A nurse will come and sew up that wound for you soon. 护士很快就会来给你缝伤口的。

7. figure

[点拨] 这单词是个多义词，作名词时，意为“数字；钱数，体形，体态；人物，重要人物；人影”等。

作动词时，表示（经过思考后）认为，以为；计算等

1） His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分现在已达到两位数了。

2） How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？ 她吃这么多，究竟是怎样保持优美的身材的？

3） He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。

4） I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。

[拓展] 词组：figure out 想出，理解（某事）

Can you figure out how to do it？ 你能想出这件事该怎么办？

8. circumstancen.

[拓展]

1） 情况，情形

I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her. 我想象不出一种我会跟她吵架的情形。

2） under / in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不，置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。

Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。

3） in / under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此

The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances. 在这种情况下，这是我们能期待的最好结果。

4） 无法控制的因素，环境，境遇

Force of circumstance compelled us to leave. 形势所迫， 我们不得不走。

9. deliver

[点拨] vt. / vi. 递送；投递（信件、货物等）；发表/发布演讲；口头提出；接生

The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那位邮递员迅速地投递了那些邮件。

We can deliver goods to your door. 我们可以给你们送货上门。

He delivered an important report at the meeting. 在会议上他做了一个重要的口头报告。

She delivered twins at 4 a.m. 她在早上四点时为双胞胎接生。

10. strike

[点拨] strike（struck， struck） vt. 击打，撞击，攻击，罢工，划火柴

In the dream， a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. 在梦里，一个石头砸向了塑像，正好落到塑像的脚上。

A child ran into the road and was struck by a car. 一个孩子跑到路上被一辆车给撞了。

The little girl struck a match to warm her hands. 那个小女孩划了一根火柴来暖手。endprint

[拓展] strike n. 罢工，打击，殴打& vi. 钟表敲了多少下

The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages. 工人们将举行罢工要求增加工资。

Twelve had just struck when she ran away. 当她离开时，钟正好敲了12点。

二、短语

1. date back to

[课文原句] The flag， which could not be further simplified， is a red band over a white one， and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century that had nine red and white stripes. （Page 35， Lines 3940）

[点拨] date back to表示“追溯到……，始于……”。又如：

Their friendship dates back to the time when they were children. 他们的友谊始于儿时。

[拓展] date back to通常用一般现在时，只能用于主动语态。还可以换成date from。如：

The old temple dates back to / from the Tang Dynasty. 这个旧庙建于唐朝。

[提醒] date back to / date from 通常只用于一般现在时，作定语时，用其ing 形式。

相似短语：

out of date 过时的，不流行的

to date 迄今，至今

up to date 现代的，时新的

2. in other words 换言之，也就是说

In other words， our objective is to avoid losing. 也就是说，我们的目标是要避免失败。

拓展：

1） find the words 用恰当的语言表达

She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man. 她只想希望用恰当的语言表达对这位老人的感情。

2） keep ones word 信守诺言

Gail kept her word and returned all the money. 盖尔履行了她的诺言，把钱如数归还。

3） in a word 总之，一句话，简言之

—Do you enjoy the film？

—In a word， no.

——你喜欢这部电影吗？——一句话，不喜欢。

4） word for word 逐字逐句

The newspaper printed his speech more or less word for word. 报纸几乎逐字逐句地刊登了他的讲话。

5） have a word with sb. 与某人交谈

Could I have a word with you after the meeting？ 会后我们可否谈谈？

6） have words with sb. 与某人争吵

Yesterday he had words with his classmate about a small thing. 昨天他为一件小事跟同学吵架了。

3. catch on

1） 受欢迎；流行起来；变得时髦

It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly. 这首歌很好，我想它会很快流行起来。

Do you think this fashion will catch on？ 你认为这种时尚会流行起来吗？

2） 理解；了解；熟悉情况

Hes not very quick at catching on， is he？ 他不善于了解情况，是吗？

Youll catch on to the job after youve been here a while. 你在这儿一段时间后会熟悉这工作的。

4. count on

[点拨] 依靠，依赖

You can count on him to help you learn English. 你可以指望他帮你学英语。

[拓展] count vt. 列入总数；包括；有重要性

count against sb. 认为对某人不利

count down 倒计时

count... in 把……计算在内

For that job her lack of experience may count against her. 她缺乏经验可能对申请那份工作不利。

Shes already counting down to the big day. 她已经在对这一重大日子倒计时了。

（作者：毛春霞，泰州市第三高级中学）endprint