阅卷老师经验谈：高考英语作文如何拿高分

黄连英

“高考阅卷到底有哪些评判标准，老师的主观感受影响会很大吗？”“如果先判我的试卷，在分数上会不会很吃亏？”“什么样的英语作文才最受阅卷老师喜欢”……带着这一系列的问题，我们邀请到连续五年参加高考英语阅卷的老师给大家谈谈高考阅卷的那些事儿。

【评阅标准与细则】

高考英语书面表达满分25分，在电脑上阅卷，实行“二评三评四仲裁”制，即每份试卷随机由两位老师改，超过4分的差值，由第三个老师改，如第三个老师与其他两个老师的差值仍超过4分，则由第四个老师做出最后仲裁。在具体的评阅操作中，有五个评分切入点，然后根据内容、语言和组织结构等方面判定分数：

（1）3分—— 条理不清，思维紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

（2）8分——基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

（3）13分——基本切题。有些地方思想表达不清楚，文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重错误。

（4）18分——切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有些语言错误，甚至严重错误。

（5）23分——切题。思想表达清楚，语言表达能力强，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误。

高考评卷过程非常公正公平，评卷标准操作性也很强。同时，2014年的评分原则明确规定要避免趋中倾向，该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在评阅的全部试卷中不应只给中间的几种分数，这样才能将好的作文凸显出来，在分数上拉开差距。

以下以2014年江西卷的高考作文题为例，分析高考评卷标准，以便能更好地指导大家高考备考复习。

【高考试题重现】

（2014年江西卷）假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school？”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。

1.学会学习：方法，习惯等；

2.学会做人：真诚，友善；

3.学会其他：考生自拟。

注意：1.词数120左右；

2.发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不须抄在答题卡上，不计入总词数。

Good morning， everyone！ It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you！

通过审题，考生应该明确这篇文章的文体是演讲稿，文章内容要包含以下三个方面：1.学会学习； 2.学会做人； 3.学会其他。

【考生作文展评】

◆五类文（3分）

Good morning， everyone！ It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on learn in senior high school.

Im LiHua， Im xingguang high student. I think， we should can learn， learn study. We should learn as a people， too. Learn cooperation， can make friends to us. to anyone better and anyone make friends.

It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on learn in senior high school.

点评：此文条理不清，思维紊乱，语言支离破碎，内容空洞，不知所云。除第一段和第三段摘抄原题，通篇文章找不到一个完整的句子。同时，字数也明显不足。

◆四类文（8分）

What to learn in senior high school？

This senior aims is talk about study way and study make people. As my opinions， I think not study way， study reading， but study make people. A can study people， he know many very good study way， and have many good habits. A can make studies people， could study sinctrely and warm-heart. On the other hand， if you can good good study and good good make people， we can very like you！ Besues I think will is a perfect people. So， Im looking forward to you be better！ I like our school！

点评：这篇作文除了I like our school是完整句，其他句子都不完整，语言错误相当严重。文中虽有一些内容，但意思表达不清楚，内容不完整（缺少第三个要点内容），连贯性差。文章没有层次，一段到底。

◆三类文（13分）

In order to have a rich senior high schools life， and enrich our hirozongs. I have some suggestions to share with you.

As I just mentioned， In order to have a life of high school. You should have good command of study. And we must gasp some learning skills and hard work. The learning skills is studing ways and have a good studing hobby. In our high school life， friends is necessary to our life， so we must learning for our friends. In other ways， we should ，have a good command of hobby. For example， singing and painting， and we should reading some benefits book. Because the is good for our future.

All in all， I belive had a bright future is waiting for us， because we hard work.

点评：该篇作文文字勉强连贯，也包含了所给要点，基本切题。但有些地方意思表达不清楚，如so we must learning for our friends.这句话令人费解。语言错误随处可见，只有画线句子无错。

◆二类文（18分）

Good morning， everyone！ It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.

Firstly， You should learn how to study. Study to every students need skills. So we can practice it by ourselves. And we also need to form the habits of study. It is important for us. Secondly， We should learn to get along well with teachers or students. During the progress， we should be honest to treat them and friendly. Finally， I think our health is important to study. So we should do exercise every day.

These are my opinion to you. We should become hard-working people. I believe you can do better in study and become more popular in school.

点评：该文章包含了所给三个要点，框架结构完整，表达清楚，文字连贯（使用了firstly， secondly，finally，so等连接词），语法结构和词汇的应用基本正确，但语言错误较多。如：（1）第二段第一行You和第三行的We要改为小写。（2）Study to every students need skills.应改为Every student needs skills in studying. （3）we should be honest to treat them and friendly. 应改为we should be honest and friendly to them. （4） And we also need to form the habits/habit of study. （5） These are my opinion/opinions to you.（以上斜线后的黑体字为正确答案）

同时，文章中也有一些高级词汇和高级句型。高级词汇有form the habit of、be important for、 get along well with、 do exercise、 do better in等。高级句型有（1）I think our health is important to study.（宾语从句）（2） I believe you can do better in study and become more popular in school.（宾语从句加并列句）

◆一类文（23分）

Good morning， everyone！ It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.

Im Li Hua， from Xing Guang Middle School. I think that the most important thing for us is that we must learn how to study. We should study hard in school， good habits should be developed， too.

Then， importance must be attached to it that we should be friendly to others. After all， all friendship is that important for us all. Never can we live without friends.

Last but not least， it is no denying the fact that we should respect our teachers. Its our teachers that give us knowledge. They are worth being respected by us.

Only in this way can we lead a better future. Thank you for reading.

点评：这篇文章切合题意，要点全面；文字不仅通顺，而且用了较多高级词汇和句型。高级词汇有study hard，develop good habits，attach importance to，be friendly to， be important for sb.， be worth doing等。而高级句型更是随处可见，如：（1）I think that the most important thing for us is that we must learn how to study. （宾语从句加表语从句）（2） importance must be attached to it that we should be friendly to others. （含情态动词的被动语态加上宾语从句） （3）含部分倒转的句子：Never can we live without friends./ Only in this way can we lead a better future.4） it is no denying the fact that we should respect our teachers.（同位语从句，不过it要改为there） 同时连贯性较好，像then， after all， last but not least很好地把句与句之间，段落与段落之间连接。通篇文章除了第二段第二行good前要加and，第四段第一行it要改为there，第四段第二行being respected要改为respecting，最后一段reading改为listening外，没有其他的语言错误。

《求学》总评：综合以上几篇考生习作，可知考生常犯以下错误：审题不过关，要点不全面；内容少而空泛，达不到字数要求；词汇和语法错误较多；句式相当贫乏单一；衔接不紧凑，连贯性差。

五个高分作文锦囊

1. 内容要充实，要点须全面

考生可尝试下面几个步骤来避免审题偏差或遗漏要点：（1）通读提示要求，明确体裁、人称和时态三大要素。（2）圈划出内容要点，按一定顺序用数字编好号。同时，要注意内容要点不一定全在内容提示中，可能会散布在书面表达要求及注意事项中。（3）完成草稿后，再次核对所有内容要点，查漏补缺。

2. 单词书写要正确，避免犯低级错误

首先考生在平时学习中要重视词的拼写，要养成边读、边记忆、边写的“手、脑、眼”并用的好习惯。其次学会归纳整理单词，通过比较，强化记忆。最后务必把《考试说明》中的重要单词背诵出和默写出，并做到灵活运用。

3. 注重句型积累，打好语法基础

考生应该把简单句的五种句型结构熟记，另外，根据书面表达评分标准，语法结构的丰富性是决定一篇优秀文章的关键。感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气等交替使用，可使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地体现出考生语言运用能力。

4. 注意衔接紧凑，加强文章连贯性

要想写出一篇好文章，提高文章档次，应增强文章逻辑性、可读性。考生在平时要注意连接词的积累，并尽量多地训练把简单句连成复杂句，把不相关的几个句子用连词连接；在平时的写作中，要随时提醒自己用连接词连接句子与句子、段落与段落；多阅读一些范文，看文中如何把连接词用得恰到好处。

5. 尽量使用高级词汇

高级词汇的使用是得高分必备条件之一，能显示出考生深厚的语言功底。何为高级词汇呢？笔者以为就是使用一些生动、具体、形象的词语，具体原则如下：（1）尽量用短语代替单词。这可反映出考生有较强的语言运用能力，避免词语单调乏味。如：Can you bear his rudeness？可改为：Can you put up with/ live with his rudeness？（2）用新学的词汇代替以前学的词汇，换句话说，尽量用别人少用的词汇。这样可做到张扬个性，标新立异。如：There is a mistake in your homework.可改为：There exists a mistake in your homework.（3）多用情感方面的词语。如：luckily，fortunately， really， obviously， to be honest， wholeheartedly等。这类词语的使用可增强文章的醒目性和感染力，易引起阅卷老师的共鸣。