非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清β2—微球蛋白和CA125检测的意义

2014-09-25 10:45张浩然等
中国当代医药 2014年23期
关键词:淋巴瘤血清肿瘤

张浩然等

[摘要] 目的 探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和CA125检测的临床意义。 方法 检测76例NHL患者及32例体检健康者的血清β2-MG和CA125水平,分析β2-MG和CA125与疾病临床进展及预后的关系。 结果 NHL患者血清β2-MG和CA125水平高于健康体检者(P<0.05);β2-MG和CA125水平与患者年龄和性别均无相关性(P>0.05);侵袭性和高侵袭性淋巴瘤患者的β2-MG和CA125水平比惰性淋巴瘤患者高(P<0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期比Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的β2-MG和CA125水平高(P<0.05);患者经2个周期化疗后β2-MG和CA125的水平较治疗前下降(P<0.05)。 结论 血清β2-MG和CA125水平检测可作为NHL诊断、疾病恶性程度、分期、疗效评估的参考指标。

[关键词] 非霍奇金淋巴瘤;β2-微球蛋白;CA125抗原

[中图分类号] R557+.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)08(b)-0051-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the serum β2-MG and CA125 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods The level of serum β2-MG and CA125 in 76 patients with NHL (NHL group) and 32 healthy subjects (control group) weredetected.The relationships between them and clinical characteristics and prognosis were explored. Results The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in NHL group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in NHL group were not significantly correlated with age and gender (P>0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in aggressive and high-aggressive NHL were obviously higher than those in indolent NHL (P<0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 in Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage were obviously higher than those in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage (P<0.05).The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 were significantly decreased after two cycles of chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum β2-MG and CA125 can be taken as reference index for diagnosis,invasiveness,classification,effectiveness of treatment in the patients with NHL.

[Key words] Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL);β2-microglobulin(β2-MG);Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125)

非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)是淋巴瘤中最为常见的类型,而近年来淋巴瘤的发病率以每年3%~5%的速度增加,为目前增长速度最快的恶性肿瘤之一。NHL侵犯结外组织的倾向大,同时存在高度异质性,故临床进程及治疗反应存在显著差异,因此,对NHL预后相关因子的研究具有重要的临床意义。目前临床上多种预后指标已被广泛应用,如年龄、Ann分期、国际预后指标(IPI)评分、结外浸润、肿块大小、治疗反应等。有文献[1-3]报道显示,血清中β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和糖蛋白抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)的水平可能与大部分NHL的治疗效果及预后存在相关性。因此,对NHL患者的β2-MG和CA125水平进行分析,对提高对NHL患者的诊治及预后有重要意义。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

收集蚌埠医学院第一附属肿瘤内科2009年10月~2014年4月收治的NHL患者76例,所有患者均经过病理组织学检查确诊。疾病诊断标准参考淋巴组织肿瘤WHO(2008年)分型标准,临床分期按Ann Arbor分期标准。其中男40例,女36例;中位年龄55(20~72)岁。对照组为32名正常健康体检者,男17例,女15例,年龄21~69岁。两组患者的年龄、性别等一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

所有患者睡前禁食、水,次日晨空腹抽取静脉血5 ml,测定β2-MG和CA125的水平;2个周期的化疗后,复查β2-MG和CA125。β2-MG采用放射免疫学方法测定,正常范围0.9~2.7 mg/L。CA125采用免疫化学发光技术测定,正常水平为<35 U/ml。

1.3 统计学处理

应用SPSS 13.0软件包进行数据处理,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用秩和检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者血清β2-MG和CA125水平的比较

NHL组患者的血清β2-MG和CA125水平高于对照组(P<0.05)(表1)。

2.2 NHL患者β2-MG和CA125与患者年龄和性别的关系

β2-MG和CA125水平与患者年龄和性别均无相关性(P>0.05)(表2)。

2.3 不同侵袭性患者β2-MG和CA125水平的比较

侵袭性和高侵袭性组的β2-MG和CA125水平比惰性淋巴瘤组的水平高(P<0.05)(表3)。

2.4 不同分期患者β2-MG和CA125水平的比较

对血清β2-MG和CA125水平的分析显示,不同分期淋巴瘤患者间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅰ~Ⅱ期比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的β2-MG和CA125水平低(表4)。

2.5 治疗前后β2-MG和CA125水平变化的比较

患者经2个周期的化疗,治疗后β2-MG和CA125的水平较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05)(表5)。

3 讨论

有研究显示,β2-MG是一种低分子蛋白质,其相对分子质量为11 800,是组织相容性抗原(HLA)的轻链结构,在患者新陈代谢过程中与HLA分离后释放进入血液[4-5]。β2-MG测定对白血病、多发性骨髓瘤等恶性血液肿瘤系统疾病有一定的辅助诊断价值。本研究结果显示,NHL患者血清中β2-MG和CA125水平较对照组明显增高,其结果与文献[6]报道基本一致,提示β2-MG和CA125测定可以作为NHL诊断的辅助指标。

有研究显示,β2-MG浓度明显升高者,多病情恶化、预后不佳,而其值低者,则预后较好,生存期一般较长[7]。患者经手术、化疗或其他治疗后,病情好转或缓解,多数患者的β2-MG均有不同程度降低。研究表明,在NHL患者中β2-MG水平升高者具有较高的死亡风险,β2-MG是NHL患者预后生存的一个独立危险因素,可以作为判断NHL预后的重要指标之一。

另有文献报道,患者β2-MG水平高低与体内肿瘤负荷的大小密切相关[8]。本研究结果显示,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期比Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的β2-MG和CA125水平低,两组差异有统计学意义,提示NHL患者的血清β2-MG和CA125水平与临床分期密切相关。患者经2个周期的化疗,治疗后β2-MG和CA125水平较治疗显著下降,反映患者体内肿瘤负荷降低,提示β2-MG和CA125水平高低与肿瘤负荷大小密切相关,说明β2-MG和CA125可预测淋巴瘤患者的治疗效果。

CA125在临床上常为卵巢上皮癌的肿瘤标志物,同时也为非卵巢癌的重要参考指标[9-10]。最近国外有相关文献报道,NHL患者血清CA125水平亦增高,尤其在伴有腹部浸润的患者[11-12]。有文献报道,NHL患者CA125表达的总阳性率为40%~50%,表达率与NHL肿瘤大小、临床分期及治疗效果相关[13],本研究结果显示,CA125在NHL组中的水平高于对照组,治疗后CA125水平较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义。

目前研究提示,CA125并非由NHL细胞直接表达,而可能为NHL细胞释放的淋巴因子刺激间皮细胞,从而使间皮细胞表达和分泌CA125[14],有研究进一步显示,NHL患者血清CA125升高与疾病的进展、巨大包块、高肿瘤负荷、心包、胸腔积液、腹水及结外播散等有关[15]。

目前认为,在NHL患者的血清学标志物中β2-MG反映肿瘤负荷,LDH反映肿瘤增殖活性,而CA125则反映肿瘤的侵袭潜能[16-17]。目前已明确CA125不同于由淋巴瘤细胞直接释放的β2-MG和CA125,而是反映间皮细胞对肿瘤的反应性。在本研究中发现,血清CA125水平与β2-MG同时升高,并提示动态检测这些肿瘤学标志物,对NHL诊断、临床分期、疾病恶性程度、疾病活动和预后预测以及了解NHL对治疗的反应性具有重要的临床意义。但由于本研究样本量较少,因此β2-MG和CA125在NHL预后中的作用还需要更多的数据和资料及更规范的实验技术来进一步研究和证实。

[参考文献]

[1] Apel RL,Fernandes BJ.Malignant lymphoma presenting with an elevated serum CA-125 level[J].Arch Pathol Lab Med,1995,119(4):373-376.

[2] Romaguera JE,Fayad LE,Feng L,et al.Ten-year follow-up after intense chemoimmunotherapy with Rituximab-HyperCVAD alternating with Rituximab-high dose methotrexate/cytarabine (R-MA) and without stem cell transplantation in patients with untreated aggressive mantle cell lymphoma[J].Br J Haematol,2010,150(2):200-208.

[3] Inamdar KV,Romaguera JE,Drakos E,et al.Expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E predicts clinical outcome in patients with mantle cell lymphoma treated with hyper-CVAD and rituximab,alternating with rituximab,high-dose methotrexate,and cytarabine[J].Cancer,2009,115(20):4727-4736.

[4] Federico M,Guglielmi C,Luminari S,et al.Prognostic relevance of serum beta2 microglobulin in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with anthracycline-containing regimens.A GISL study[J].Haematologica,2007,92(11):1482-1488.

[5] Peterson PA,Cunningham BA,Bergg?覽rd I,et al.β2-Microglobulin-a free immunoglobulin domain[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1972,69(7):1697-1701.

[6] 庞丽萍,魏颖慧,张文丽,等.血清CA125,LDH,β2-MG在非霍奇金淋巴瘤诊断治疗中的意义[J].白血病·淋巴瘤,2006,15(2):113-114.

[7] López-Guillermo A,Cabanillas F,McLaughlin P,et al.The clinical significance of molecular response in indolent follicular lymphomas[J].Blood,1998,91(8):2955-2960.

[8] 夏忠军,黄仁魏,吴祥元,等.非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清β2 微球蛋白检测对预后的价值[J].癌症,2001,20(4):406-408.

[9] Lazzarino M,Orlandi E,Klersy C,et al.Serum CA 125 is of clinical value in the staging and follow-up of patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma:correlation with tumor parameters and disease activity[J].Cancer,1998,82(3):576-582.

[10] Camera A,Villa MR,Rocco S,et al.Increased CA 125 serum levels in patients with advanced acute leukemia with serosal involvement[J].Cancer,2000,88(1):75-78.

[11] Kutluk T,Varan A,Erba?鬤 B,et al.Serum CA 125 levels in children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Pediatr Hematol Oncol,1999,16(4):311-319.

[12] Ozgüroglu M,Turna H,Demir G,et al.Usefulness of the epithelial tumor marker CA-125 in non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Am J Clin Oncol,1999,22(6):615-618.

[13] 欧阳取长,王平辉.105例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脱氢酶的变化及临床意义[J].实用肿瘤杂志,2001, 16(2):111-113.

[14] Bonnet C,Beguin Y,Fassotte MF,et al.Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Eur J Haematol,2007,78(5):399-404.

[15] Wei G,Yuping Z,Jun W,et al.CA125 expression in patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2006,47(7):1322-1326.

[16] Morra E.The biological markers of non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas:their role in diagnosis,prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategy[J].Int J Biol Markers,1999,14(3):149-153.

[17] Benboubker L1,Valat C,Linassier C,et al.A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels[J].Ann Oncol,2000,11(11):1485-1491.

(收稿日期:2014-07-09 本文编辑:林利利)

[4] Federico M,Guglielmi C,Luminari S,et al.Prognostic relevance of serum beta2 microglobulin in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with anthracycline-containing regimens.A GISL study[J].Haematologica,2007,92(11):1482-1488.

[5] Peterson PA,Cunningham BA,Bergg?覽rd I,et al.β2-Microglobulin-a free immunoglobulin domain[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1972,69(7):1697-1701.

[6] 庞丽萍,魏颖慧,张文丽,等.血清CA125,LDH,β2-MG在非霍奇金淋巴瘤诊断治疗中的意义[J].白血病·淋巴瘤,2006,15(2):113-114.

[7] López-Guillermo A,Cabanillas F,McLaughlin P,et al.The clinical significance of molecular response in indolent follicular lymphomas[J].Blood,1998,91(8):2955-2960.

[8] 夏忠军,黄仁魏,吴祥元,等.非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清β2 微球蛋白检测对预后的价值[J].癌症,2001,20(4):406-408.

[9] Lazzarino M,Orlandi E,Klersy C,et al.Serum CA 125 is of clinical value in the staging and follow-up of patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma:correlation with tumor parameters and disease activity[J].Cancer,1998,82(3):576-582.

[10] Camera A,Villa MR,Rocco S,et al.Increased CA 125 serum levels in patients with advanced acute leukemia with serosal involvement[J].Cancer,2000,88(1):75-78.

[11] Kutluk T,Varan A,Erba?鬤 B,et al.Serum CA 125 levels in children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Pediatr Hematol Oncol,1999,16(4):311-319.

[12] Ozgüroglu M,Turna H,Demir G,et al.Usefulness of the epithelial tumor marker CA-125 in non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Am J Clin Oncol,1999,22(6):615-618.

[13] 欧阳取长,王平辉.105例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脱氢酶的变化及临床意义[J].实用肿瘤杂志,2001, 16(2):111-113.

[14] Bonnet C,Beguin Y,Fassotte MF,et al.Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Eur J Haematol,2007,78(5):399-404.

[15] Wei G,Yuping Z,Jun W,et al.CA125 expression in patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2006,47(7):1322-1326.

[16] Morra E.The biological markers of non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas:their role in diagnosis,prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategy[J].Int J Biol Markers,1999,14(3):149-153.

[17] Benboubker L1,Valat C,Linassier C,et al.A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels[J].Ann Oncol,2000,11(11):1485-1491.

(收稿日期:2014-07-09 本文编辑:林利利)

[4] Federico M,Guglielmi C,Luminari S,et al.Prognostic relevance of serum beta2 microglobulin in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with anthracycline-containing regimens.A GISL study[J].Haematologica,2007,92(11):1482-1488.

[5] Peterson PA,Cunningham BA,Bergg?覽rd I,et al.β2-Microglobulin-a free immunoglobulin domain[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1972,69(7):1697-1701.

[6] 庞丽萍,魏颖慧,张文丽,等.血清CA125,LDH,β2-MG在非霍奇金淋巴瘤诊断治疗中的意义[J].白血病·淋巴瘤,2006,15(2):113-114.

[7] López-Guillermo A,Cabanillas F,McLaughlin P,et al.The clinical significance of molecular response in indolent follicular lymphomas[J].Blood,1998,91(8):2955-2960.

[8] 夏忠军,黄仁魏,吴祥元,等.非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清β2 微球蛋白检测对预后的价值[J].癌症,2001,20(4):406-408.

[9] Lazzarino M,Orlandi E,Klersy C,et al.Serum CA 125 is of clinical value in the staging and follow-up of patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma:correlation with tumor parameters and disease activity[J].Cancer,1998,82(3):576-582.

[10] Camera A,Villa MR,Rocco S,et al.Increased CA 125 serum levels in patients with advanced acute leukemia with serosal involvement[J].Cancer,2000,88(1):75-78.

[11] Kutluk T,Varan A,Erba?鬤 B,et al.Serum CA 125 levels in children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Pediatr Hematol Oncol,1999,16(4):311-319.

[12] Ozgüroglu M,Turna H,Demir G,et al.Usefulness of the epithelial tumor marker CA-125 in non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Am J Clin Oncol,1999,22(6):615-618.

[13] 欧阳取长,王平辉.105例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脱氢酶的变化及临床意义[J].实用肿瘤杂志,2001, 16(2):111-113.

[14] Bonnet C,Beguin Y,Fassotte MF,et al.Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin′s and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Eur J Haematol,2007,78(5):399-404.

[15] Wei G,Yuping Z,Jun W,et al.CA125 expression in patients with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2006,47(7):1322-1326.

[16] Morra E.The biological markers of non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas:their role in diagnosis,prognostic assessment and therapeutic strategy[J].Int J Biol Markers,1999,14(3):149-153.

[17] Benboubker L1,Valat C,Linassier C,et al.A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels[J].Ann Oncol,2000,11(11):1485-1491.

(收稿日期:2014-07-09 本文编辑:林利利)

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