余可佳
高考英语湖北卷的完形填空一般以故事题材为主,兼有少许议论。文章内容贴近人们的日常生活。话题不偏不怪,理解难度不大。文章的结构基本按时间顺序推进。今年完形填空也是如此。文章分为七段。第一段交待故事的背景,中间五段讲述作者一家人在帕洛阿杜罗峡谷国家公园的经历,第七段发表感想,提升主题。文章结构普通,理解难度不大。
剖析2014年高考英语湖北卷的完形填空可以发现:完形填空的文章长度适中。湖北卷今年的完形填空全文共298词,阅读量相对较小,从而降低了题目的难度。
从设题的方式看,整篇完形填空题没有语法结构的考题。在20个要填的词语中有6个名词、6个动词、6个形容词或副词和2个介词。所以要填的词几乎都是实词。着重考查语义理解,要求考生根据文章情节的发展填空。
从词汇的角度看,文中词汇多为初中课程标准基础的1920词。文中只有fail, truck, position, permanent, link, guest, hire, available, survive, violently, substitute, tiny, television, jewel, hardship和trail等18个高中词汇,基础词汇占总词汇量的94%,只有极个别生僻词。同时要求考生能够通过构词法理解合成词rent-free, campsite和派生词reorganize。
When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”.
At the 1 of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷) State park, I 2 a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a 3 , permanent campsite in the park, and 4 , the hosts served as a link between the parks guests and the rangers(护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an 5 for the following day.
The park was 6 , so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬) walking toward our table. We 7 climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to 8 , our camp.
Having survived that night, we were 9 that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our 10 and gave us a beautiful campsite.
That evening, 11 , we learned about the canyon 12 . They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay 13 in the dark until the winds died away.
14 the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and 15 the little money my wife 16 by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful 17 . For a time after our business 18 I thought I might lose my family as well.
Living in the tiny 19 with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself 20 for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!
1. A. back B. edge
C. centre D. entrance
2. A. sponsored B. published
C. convenient D. answered
3. A. safe B. free
C. convenient D. answeredendprint
4. A. in return B. in time
C. in short D. in turn
5. A. attempt B. agreement
C. appeal D. appointment
6. A. crowded B. dangerous
C. ideal D. appointment
7. A. repeatedly B. immediately
C. eventually D. calmly
8. A. attack B. leave
C. pass D. search
9. A. satisfied B. determined
C. confident D. aware
10. A. responsibilities B. requirements
C. circumstances D. conditions
11. A. moreover B. therefore
C. meanwhile D. however
12. A. winds B. snows
C. woods D. trails
13. A. shaking B. quarrelling
C. mourning D. aching
14. A. After B. Between
C. During D. Beyond
15. A. give away B. hand out
C. live on D. put aside
16. A. borrowed B. earned
C. posted D. raised
17. A. business B. career
C. family D. image
18. A. started B. failed
C. expanded D. declined
19. A. truck B. park
C. house D. camp
20. A. desperate B. ready
C. suitable D. thankful
【答案与解析】
文章讲述了作者在自己的餐饮业失败之后,开着房车带着家人北上得克萨斯州宿营,以期寻求新的开始。结果在帕洛阿杜罗峡谷国家公园承接一份公园主的工作。工作的具体事情是联络游客与护林员以换取免费宿营地。期间经历了许多困难。但他们一家人挤在小卡车上看书和谈话使他们获得了一种家庭感。
1. D。公园的招聘广告常常在公园的入口处。
2. C。说明在公园的入口处看到招聘广告。
3. B。一个生意失败的人手头钱不多需要免费宿营地。
4. A。in return表示“作为回报”,说明以工作换取免费宿营地。
5. D。有意接受招聘,于是就预约面谈。
6. A。crowded表示“拥挤有”。公园是公共场所,拥挤是很可能的。
7. B。要赶走臭鼬,就要动作迅速。所以,immediately表示“立刻”。
8. B。在有臭鼬在附近干扰人的生活的时候,人等候的结果自然是要臭鼬离开。因此,leave正确。
9. C。经过了一件麻烦事之后,对后面的事情有“会比较顺利”的看法,这一定他们的信念。be confident接从句就可以间接表示“相信”之义。
10. A。当一个人接受了工作之后,需要明白的是他的职责。情节至此,公园的老板解释他们的责任(responsibility)合乎情理。
11. C。前文说明了老板给了他们一个美丽的宿营地。在那里,作者除了感受到峡谷的美丽之外,还感受到了峡谷晚风的强烈与寒冷。所以,用meanwhile(与此同时)表示并列。
12. A。从下行中的until the winds died away(直到风停下来)可知此处指的是峡谷的晚风。
13. A。在强烈的风中小卡车会振动,睡在车内,人也会振动。因而此空填shaking是正确的。
14. C。故事按时间顺序推进,至此要叙述接下来发生的事情,所以需要一个时间状语——During the weeks that followed,表示“在接下来的几周里”。
15. C。与survive并列用live on the little money,说明他们困难的境地。
16. B。作者自己在帕洛阿杜罗峡谷国家公园做公园主,所以那一点钱是妻子赚(earn)来的。
17. C。一个忙生于生计人,难得有时间去经营自己的家庭。
18. B。根据前文的交待,说明他对生意失败后的思考。所以failed是正确的。
19. A。回到宿营时的情景中,说明他们住在卡车中,因此要填truck。
20. D。作者从许多艰难困苦的经历中能够发现有益元素,说明作者对待生活具有感恩的态度。所以thankful是正确的。
【预测与指导】
随着完形填空题的分值由(1.5×20=)30分降至(1×20=)20,其难度必定会有一定程度的减小。然而完形填空题是一类非常需要答题技巧的题。开篇信息不充分时,蛮撞答题容易出错。文章中部偏后一点的空格,因信息量过份密集,容易出错。文中不定地会出现个别生僻结构或俗语表达等等超出考生的理解范畴也容易出错。所以要加强基础练习,掌握解题技巧,提高解答准确率。做到文首从容答题,等待信息;文中谨慎答题,理解句意;难点反复酌琢,不要放弃。
完形填空题的解题能力从哪里来?答案很简单,从适量的完形填空训练中来。经验告诉我们基础年级每周训练两篇完形填空,高三年级上学期每隔天训练一篇,冲刺时每天训练一篇。等到技巧掌握之后,高考前夕可以适当让位于其他题型的训练。endprint