李平秀
中图分类号:G633.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-7661(2014)14-0064-02
一、理念
在实施英语课程标准理念的高中语法课中,我们要积极倡导使用发现式语法教学,因为发现式语法教学有利于激励学生思考,促进学生的思维,发展自主学习能力。在教师的引导下,学生“在做中学”,自己去发现、归纳,总结语法规律。这样的自主学习过程不仅能使学生更有效地理解和记忆语法知识、加深对语法形式和意义的印象、夯实基础,还能激励和发展他们的思维使其养成通过思考进行观察、自我发现的学习习惯,从而受益终生。
二、课题
主题:主语和谓语动词的一致(Agreement Between Subject and verb)。
课文:人教版《高中英语》模块4第1单元Women of achievement。
教学目标:“主谓一致”语法学习中,引导学生既要发现、归纳、总结该语法规律,又要在不同语境中理解、体验、领悟“主谓一致”的表意功能。在本课结束时,学生要能够初步运用所学习和掌握的“主谓一致”进行自如表达。
三、教学步骤
Step 1 导入(通过复习课文,引入本单元要学习的语法):
1.通过提问,呈现含有“主谓一致”的例句。如:A:Everybody sits and waits in the shade of trees.
B:Our group are all going to visit them in the forest .
2.根据所呈现的课文例句引出本单元所要学习的语法项目:“Agreement Between Subject and verb”。
Step 2 体验并发现:
1.让学生分组讨论并发现下述“主谓一致”的规律:
问题1:I am seventeen. /She is sixteen. /There is a desk in the room. /There are no chairs in it.
2.引导学生观察讨论后则发现:主语要和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。
问题2: My brother and I have both seen the film. /Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
经过讨论发现:两个名词由and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
说明:
(1)当and不表示并列意义,连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting./One more knife and fork is needed.
(2)两个并列的名词有each,every,many a等修饰语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Each doctor and (each)nurse was given a new shirt./No sound and no voice is heard. /Many a boy and(many a)girl has made the same mistake.
问题3:My family is a large one./The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
经过讨论则发现:集体名词group,class,family,army,enemy等作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
问题4:Is anybody going to tell him the news?/Everything is ready.
经过讨论则发现:不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,the other等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
问题5:None of them has(have)arrived yet./None of this money is mine./Neither statement was true.
经过讨论则发现:代词none和neither有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时,只看作单数;neither作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数。
问题6:Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand./Not only his family but(also)he likes Chaplin.
经过讨论则发现:当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,either…or,neither…nor或not only…but also连接时,谓语动词通常与近邻的名词或代词保持一致。
问题7:There is a lamp,two pens and six books on the desk./Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
经过讨论则发现:由there或here引导的句子,主语不止一个名词时,谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
问题8:The teacher with two students was at the meeting./The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.
经过讨论则发现:当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语,如:with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等时,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。
问题9:Sixty years is a long time./Ten dollars is enough for him.
经过讨论则发现:表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词,在表示单位数量用作主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数。
Step 3 巩固练习:
让学生做page5 Exercise 2 以达到初步的掌握,再让学生做page5 Exercise 3 进一步理解领悟“主谓一致”的表意功能。
(责任编辑 刘 馨)endprint