郑影 张珊 王萍
摘要[目的]提取野生蓝莓花色苷粗提物、一次纯化物、二次纯化物,确定降解规律和反应参数。[方法]测定不同温度、时间下花色苷的残留率,通过Arrhenius方程计算出降解參数,并且列出降解动力学方程。[结果]花色苷的热降解符合一级反应动力学。随着pH和温度的升高,热降解活化能和半衰期显著下降。花色苷在pH为3.0时最为稳定。二次纯化物在pH 6.0、90 ℃时降解得最快,k值为0624 0 h-1。在60 ℃、强酸性条件下纯度对降解的影响很小,二次纯化物降解比其他2种稍慢;在90 ℃、弱酸性条件下蓝莓花色苷含量随加热时间的增加而急剧下降,且纯度越大,降解得越快。[结论]蓝莓花色苷的降解受温度的影响显著,在低温60 ℃、pH 3.0、高纯度下比较稳定。
关键词蓝莓;花色苷;降解动力学
中图分类号S663.2;TS201.4文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)21-06929-02
Study of Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanins from Blueberry
ZHENG Ying et al(Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, Heilongjiang 150040)
Abstract[Objective] The anthocyanins from wild blueberry was extracted, including crude extracts, one purified extracts, second purified extracts in order to determine the law of degradation and response parameters. [Method]The residual rates of the anthocyanins were measured under different temperatures and time. Through Arrhenius equation, the degradation parameters were calculated and the degradation kinetics equation was listed. [Result] The degradation of anthocyanins was according to the first order kinetic. With pH and temperature increasing, Ea and t1/2 reduced significantly. The anthocyanins were the most stable at pH 3.0. The fastest degradation occurred at pH 6.0 and 90 ℃ in the second purified extracts and the value of k was 0.624 0 h-1. Under the condition of 60 ℃ and strong acidic, the purity had little influence on the degradation. The degradation occurred at the secondary purified extracts was slower than the others. Under the condition of 90 ℃ and slightly acidic, the content of blueberry anthocyanins decreased sharply as the increasing of heating time, and the more purity, the faster the degradation proceeded. [Conclusion]The effects of the temperature on the degradation of blueberry anthocyanins was obvious, and under the condition of low temperature 60 ℃, pH 3.0 and high purity, the anthocyanins were relatively stable.
Key wordsBlueberry; Anthocyanins; Degradation kinetics
作者简介郑影(1990- ),女,吉林公主岭人,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物活性成分。*通讯作者,教授,从事功能性食品开发方面的研究。
收稿日期20140703野生蓝莓又被称为笃斯越橘(Vaccinium uliginosum),为杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)越橘属(Vaccinium.spp)植物,花色苷含量丰富[1]。近年来,花色苷主要是以天然食用色素的形式被开发使用,国内外市场都较好[2]。花色苷具有很强的生理功能,现已被广泛地使用于清除体内自由基、预防癌症、抗炎和提高视力等。花色苷的稳定性不好,与一些外界影响因子如温度、pH、光照、氧气、添加剂及加工方法等有关,温度对花色苷稳定性的影响很大,特别是高温处理会使花色苷发生大量的降解反应[3]。
1材料与方法
1.1试验材料供试野生蓝莓冻果买自大兴安岭地区供应商。
1.2试验方法
研究表明,野生蓝莓花色苷的粗提物、一次纯化物、二次纯化物的降解均受pH、温度的影响较大,降解属于一级反应动力学,纯度对其降解也有影响。使用花色苷这种天然色素时,pH应为3或强酸性,温度为70 ℃或以下。在这一条件下,花色苷最为稳定。
参考文献
[1] 权静,李冰峰,王益明.大孔树脂分离纯化蓝莓花色苷研究[J].粮食与油脂,2011(8):43-46.
[2] 陈介甫,李亚东,徐哲.蓝莓的主要化学成分及生物活性[J].药学学报,2010,45(4):422-429.
[3] 陈伟,方丹,曹少谦.桑葚汁花色苷及其色泽热降解动力学研究[J].食品科技,2011,36 (4):151-154.
[4] 李知敏.蓝莓花色苷的分离纯化及其初步药效学实验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[5] 刘玉芹,王晓,杜金华.花色苷的分离纯化及定性定量方法研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂,2010,18(6):178-182.
[6] 刘洪海,张晓丽,杜平,等.pH示差法测定烟73葡萄中花青素含量[J].中国调味品,2009,31(4):110-113.
[7] 李新华,牟杰,张超,等.紫马铃薯皮中花色苷热降解动力学的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(2):202-205.安徽农业科学,Journal of Anhui Agri. Sci.2014,42(21):6931-6933