完形填空中切勿用中式思维代替原句表达

黄丽

每次考完后，我向学生了解做题出错的的原因，听到最多的回答就是：文章和选项我都看懂了呀，可是不知道为什么还是错了那么多？！笔者发现造成这一结局的主要原因是：学生在理解的过程中，用中式思维代替了英语句子的固定表达！

错误表现

1.（2008广东）These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost

24 to the parents.

A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable

C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable

解析：句中的it指代the baby。即：the baby is unrecognizable. 但学生的主观想法是：“孩子病得很严重，面色苍白，这让父母难以接受。”故而选C。如果这样的话，这个句子应该是这样表达：...whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed much， which is almost unacceptable for the parents. 即：无法接受的是前面提到的the fact；无法辨认的是the baby。

2.（2010广东）When I first came to America， I noticed that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functions... This was new to me， because we use the same door in South Korea... The way of using school bus doors was also

6 to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that ...

A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange

解析：从此空前面的语篇提示词also我们就应该看出此句和上句“This was new to me”是对应关系，与new 对应的近义词应是strange，故选D。但有学生却偏偏选了B项。假如用hard的话，此句应该这样表达：Its hard for me to get used to the way of using school bus doors.

3.（2013广州调研）You have to be brave and apologize to her in person. If youre lucky， she might accept it at once. ...Get your shared friends to help if your first attempt has been 9 .But dont give up！

A. offensive B. surprising

C. unsuccessful D. unacceptable

解析：有的学生对于此空的主观分析是：如果你的第一次道歉没被接受，找你们共同的朋友帮一下忙。结果误选了D。如果要表达此意，英语应说：Get your shared friends to help if your first apology has been unacceptable。而此空前面的attempt是和unsuccessful搭配的，即：尝试没有成功。故选C。

4.（2012华附）If a snake came on the television screen， Id have to close my eyes or leave the room. It sounds sad and unreasonable， but just 4 about the shiny， slippery creatures made me tremble.

A. discussing B. learning C. hearing D. thinking

解析：本文描述了作者开始时对蛇的极度害怕。对于此空学生的思维是这样的：一听到蛇我就吓得发抖。因此毫不犹豫地选了C选项。但假如是那样的话，hear之后的宾语就应该是the word “snake”。而本空后面的 “shiny发亮的；slippery光滑的” 属于视觉上的印象，与hear是不搭配的。而有着这一印象的当然是“想到”这一情景，即D选项。很明显此空选错的考生仍然是用自己的中式思维理解代替了原句的英文表达。

5.（2013佛山二模）Researchers in Germany phoned people at home and asked them to toss（投掷） a coin. There was a strong financial incentive（刺激）to lie about the result： if the coin landed tails-up， the participants would receive money， while if the coin landed heads-up， they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone， they knew there was no 5 of getting caught if they lied.endprint

A. idea B. need C. evidence D. risk

解析：当年不少考生选了C项。他们的理解基本符合原意，即：因为他们是在家里，通过电话调查，因此即使撒谎，也没有被抓的证据。但如果是这样的话，evidence之后应该接一个不定式作后置定语，即：there was no evidence to show they were lying，而此空后面的后置定语是一个of短语，即：被抓的“风险”，故选D。同样的汉语意思，用英语则有不同的表达。因此，如果仅根据自己的理解忽视词汇的惯用法难免会出错。

6.（双语报高三）Mom sacrificed for us her whole life， and we want to help her age with dignity， as 15 as possible.

A. briefly B. gracefully C. particularly D. mildly

解析：有的学生误选D，他们主观认为：母亲年老了，我们应该mildly对待她。如果那样的话，它的整句表达应该是：As her ages，we want to treat her mildly. 而本句的结构表达是：help her age（vi. 变老）as gracefully as possible，帮助她尽可能优雅地老去。之所以选gracefully取决于前半句with dignity，即与“有尊严地老去”表达相同的意思。

7.（高三练习） There once was a King who offered a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The King looked at all the pictures， but there were only two he 2 liked and he had to choose between them.

A. probably B. generally C. really D. finally

解析：正确答案是C，但很多学生选D。认为是“最后有两副要选”。那如果是这样的话，这个句子应该是这样表达：Finally there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them. 而此空是修饰liked的，即really liked：非常喜欢。因此要牢记，英语句式注重形式的统一，不能用自己的主观意思代替原句的表达。

从平时的习题中我们发现，考生对有些文章确实如他们自己所说是理解了，但是在这个深加工的过程中又往往置单词的习惯用法、英语句式的搭配于不顾，凭自己的理解而加以选择，这正是他们做题正确率不高的根本原因。

强化练习

以下是近年各地市高考题、模拟题中节选的完形填空改编题，采用无选项训练法，即要求大家在没有选项的情况下对空缺处进行补充。目的是通过在填词的过程中训练在具体的语境下运用英语短语或惯用法进行英式思维的表达。

1. How good is a humans number sense？ Its not very good. For example， babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a __________ group. But when the number goes beyond three or four， the children are often fooled.

2. In the special class， intelligent children showed little ability to use their own judgment， relying __________ on their teachers directions. In the regular class，having no worry about keeping up，they began to reflect __________ on many problems，some of which were not on the school program.

3. On April 12， 1888， Alfred Nobels brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper __________ his brother for him and carried an article announcing the death of Nobel.

4. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong. Rules can help the public make the right __________， and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent __________.

5. Johnny turned and saw that he had grown a new， stronger tail. He suddenly realised how __________ it had been to waste so much time on a problem for which there was no __________. Johnny turned back and headed for home.endprint

6. Anger is just one letter short of danger — it seems to be as __________ in English as well as in practice. In fact， those who are easy to get angry are in greater physical __________ than those who smoke or have high blood pressure.

7. When I was 17， I read a quote that went something like： “If you live each day as if it was your last， some day youll most certainly be right.” It made an __________ on me， and since then， for the past 33 years， I have looked in the mirror every __________ and asked myself： “If today were the last day of my life， would I want to do what I am about to do today？”

8. Television advertising of food often uses __________. Apparently， food looks especially appetizing if it moves. Chocolate sauce looks much more __________ when you see it being poured over ice cream than it does just sitting in a jar.

9. Massive Open Online Courses are also called MOOCs. Tens of thousands， or even more people can __________ these classes all at once. You can be anywhere in the world to take a MOOC. All you need is a __________ and a network connection.

10. Several hours later， she told a reporter， “Look， Im not __________ myself， but if I could have seen land， I might have made it.” It was not tiredness or even the cold winter that defeated her. It was the fog. She was __________ to see her goal.

11. The rebels first beat the two officers， __________ them half dead. Then， one by one， they killed eighteen of the sleeping crew and tied up seven others to drive the ship.

12. We had all gone into the markets of the city so that the young people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply __________ us all - the rundown houses， the children in rags， the people begging for __________. Walking home， passing under a low bridge， we came across entire families of __________ people seeking a bit of dry ground to __________ on for the night. We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.

13. Dear son， I want to thank you for teaching me a very __________ lesson in life by the great example you __________. When we were eating at that café in Bondi and a person who had __________ his hamburger didnt have enough money to pay for it， without any __________， you went over and put the __________ ￥2 into his hand.

14. The story __________ us to clothe ourselves with “compassion， kindness， modesty， gentleness and patience”. Then “over all of these put on love， which bonds them in perfect unity”. Regardless of how __________ we may otherwise be， it is these clothes that will determine our __________ beauty.endprint

15. A new study suggests that calling attention to the print — the words and letters on the page — may lead to __________ readers. The two-year study __________ children aged 3 to 5 who were regularly read to this way in class with children who were not. In all， over three hundred students， who were considered to be at serious risk of __________ reading problems in future life， were __________ in a classroom setting. After reviewing the recorded lessons， the researchers found that those students whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly __________ skills in reading and understanding.

参考答案

1. small 2. heavily； voluntarily 3. mistook 4. choices / decisions； accidents 5. silly / stupid； solution 6. true； danger 7. impression； morning 8. movement； delicious 9. take； computer 10. excusing； unable 11. leaving 12. shocked/surprised/astonished； money； homeless； sleep 13. valuable； set； ordered； hesitation； extra 14. teaches； good-looking； actual/inner 15. better； compared；developing； observed； higher

（作者单位：开平市开侨中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint