巧用上下文线索解答完形填空

蓝裕勤

完形填空是一种既要求有较强的阅读理解能力，又要有扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识积累，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。根据多年的教学经验，谈谈巧用上下文线索解答完形填空题。

技巧一：巧用空格附近的连词和副词线索解题。

在完形填空题中，有些句子含有表示并列、转折、因果关系或对比等意思的连词、副词、短语副词，如and， or， but， because， though， although， instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise等，我们可利用这些词所提示的前后关系来解题。请看以下各题：

1. So whether its winter clothes， food for the hungry， or homes for______ pets， doing volunteer work means one very important thing： You make a difference in the world.

A. beloved B. deserted

C. treated D. grown-up

解析：答案选B。巧用了空格附近的连词or， 因or前面food对应hungry，那么or后面的homes对应的应是deserted （被人所弃的，即没有了家的）。

2. I played a racquet ball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most and tiring games Ive ever had... （全国卷）

A. encouraging B. hopeless

C. surprising D. regular

解析：答案选B。巧用了空格附近的连词and ，因and后面的词是tiring，和tiring并列的应是B。

3. So the slave was pardoned and _____.

A. killed B. rich

C. happy D. freed

解析：答案选D。巧用了空格附近的连词and ，因and前面的词是pardoned（原谅）， 和它并列的应是D（freed释放）。

4. My fathers student might come in and tell me I shouldnt be playing with his office things. But my father always stood up and said easily， “oh. no its ______ .”

A. fine B. strange

C. terrible D. funny

解析：答案选 A。当父亲的学生认为“我”不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。巧用了空格前面的句子以及它附近的转折连词but，所以很明显答案是A：fine。

技巧二：巧用前后照应线索， 即前后呼应法解题。

寻找上下文是否有相同、相近或者相对立意思的提示词。做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”来判断，即大语境——全文中心和基调，小语境——空格前后句子所构成的语境；再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如：

I found a birthday card and dropped the old lady a short note， wishing her a happy birthday.

Three days later， someone knocked at my front door. Opening the door I found a middle-aged man standing on my doorstep. He introduced himself as the 1 of the woman to whom I had sent the 2 . He explained that he just wanted to be here in person and thank me for sending such a nice card to his mom...

She passed away two months ago. Though I never met this lady， I did hope that my few 3 notes were enough to brighten a couple of her days here on earth.

1. A. husband B. doctor

C. student D. son

2. A. gift B. money

C. card D. idea

3. A. long B. useless

C. difficult D. little

解析：

1. 选D。因为下文有to his mom. 来呼应。巧用了前后照应线索来解题。

2. 选C。因为下文有a nice card to 来呼应。巧用了前后照应线索来解题。

3. 选D。因为上文有a short note 来呼应。巧用了前后照应线索来解题。

技巧三：用原词、同义词复现法解题。

词语复现是英语中常见的一种现象。在完形填空题中，同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到，所以同义复现法是很好的解题技巧。结合常识和语境，进行简单推理，即可找到正确选项。endprint

1. The simplest way to say it is this： I believe in my mother. My 1 began when I was just a kid.

A. promise B. work

C. education D. belief

解析：选D。因为上文出现了同根词believe，所以选belief。这里用了同根词复现的方法。

2. A poet once said，“we look at life once， in childhood； the rest is _____ ”. And I think it is not only what we “look at once， in childhood” that determines our memories， but who， in that childhood， look at us.

A. memory B. wealth

C. experience D. practice

解析：选A。因为下文复现了memories，这里用了原词复现的方法。作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的“determines our memories”相呼应。

技巧四：巧用具体示例线索法解题。

根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析，将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选，将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除，从而得出所需答案。

Every student must wear their 1 when they are at school. There are 2 items of uniforms： suits， dresses， shorts， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags， caps and socks.

1. A. long hair B. thick glasses

C. sports shoes D. school uniforms

2. A. much B. three

C. many D. seven

解析：

1答案选D。因为下文有at school 和uniforms，uniforms是原词复现。

2.答案选C。因为下句提供了很多具体例子，有suits， dresses，shorts，skirts and T-shirts，所以选C. many。

技巧五：巧用逻辑推理线索解题。

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。根据上下文的某些句子或者某些词和空格所在的句子的逻辑关系，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推断出正确选项，是做完形填空过程中的常用技巧。

1. Well，this morning I was thinking of all the visits I had paid to that cafe over the years and out of _____， I surfed the Internet for it.

A. activity B. possibility

C. ability D. curiosity

解析：选D。因为按照逻辑，作者之所以上网去查找，是因为出于好奇。

2. When the papers were______，she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.

A. examined B. completed

C. marked D. answered

解析：选C 。因为按照逻辑，只有老师批改完试卷后，才能发现12位男生犯了完全一样的错误。

巩固练习

一、单句练习 利用以上技巧选出最恰当的选项，然后指出你所用到的解题技巧。

1. But we ran so much that， afterwards， we had trouble________.

A. speaking B. sleeping

C. breathing D. moving

2.“Take a bite of each one. See if that helps you decide which one is which.” He took ________， and then a huge smile came across his face.

A. big bites B. deep breaths

C. a firm hold D. a close look

3. They ________potatoes in different ways： they can boil them and fry them.

A. cook B. eat

C. make D. take

4. Many Africans are very ________so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal.endprint

A. healthy B. poor

C. rich D. week

5. At that moment， I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines， not with people. They were more interested in having a relationship with the________， particularly Steve.

A. computer B. soul

C. shop D. friend

6. These floating things are very________. It is hard to see them.

A. big B. fat

C. tinny D. dangerous

7. The inside of the earth is very________. The rock has melted like ice.

A. deep B. cold

C. hard D. hot

8. Waiting above the crowded streets， on top of a building 110 stories high， was Philippe Petit. This daring Frenchman was about to ________ a tightrope （绷索） between the two towers of the World Trade Center.

A. throw B. walk

C. climb D. fix

9. My wife and I have two children， and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ________me.

A. controlled B. comforted

C. reminded D. raised

二、段落练习 利用以上解题技巧选出最恰当的选项，然后指出你所用到的解题技巧。

（一）

A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters are written to businesses， schools or government offices. 1 letters are for relatives， or former teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand， but you should 2 a formal letter.

1. A. Informal B. Formal

C. Business D. Relative

2. A. copy B. type

C. write D. share

（二）

It was a strange noise that made the man 3 his car soon after he left a village for London. He got out of his car and

4 the wheels（车轮）carefully，but as he found nothing

5 he continued his way.

3. A. start B. stop

C. slow D. speed

4. A. repaired B. examined

C. cleaned D. looked

5. A. wrong B. danger

C. interesting D. matter

（三）

My cousin John is a university student. He has just returned from Italy. Before he left he said he would be back very soon. “I am not rich enough to stay there longer than a week，” he told me frankly. But by the time he returned， he had 6 in Italy for two months.

“How did you manage to stay in Italy for such a 7

time？”I asked him.

John smiled，“I gave ___8___lessons to a hotel manager，” he said，“and in return he make me stay in his hotel for free.

“ So can he speak English well now？”...

6. A. lived B. studied

C. stayed D. worked

7. A. good B. niceendprint

C. hard D. long

8. A. English B. French

C. Italian D. German

参考答案与解析

一、单句练习

1. C 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由ran so much可推出呼吸困难，故选C。

2. A 巧用了原词复现的方法。上文中出现了bite 一词。

3. A 巧用了具体示例线索的方法。下文中出现了boil them和fry them，这些具体的例子。

4. B 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由下文的so they cant afford to eat much meat 可推出他们非常贫困，故选B。

5. A 巧用了具体示例线索的方法。上文中出现了their machines，而computer是machines的其中一种，故选A。

6. C 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由下文的It is hard to see them.可推出他们非常小，故选C。

7. D 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由下文的The rock has melted like ice.可推出地球的内核非常热，故选D。

8. B 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由下文的a tightrope （绷索） between the two towers of the World Trade Center.可推出他准备在绷索上行走，故选B。

9. D 巧用了同义词复现的方法。上文中出现了bringing up词组，故应选它的同义词 raised。

二、段落练习

1. A 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由上文的Formal letters are written to businesses， schools or government offices.故推出写给亲戚朋友的信就是不正规的。

2. B 巧用空格前面的转折连词but线索解题。You may write an informal letter by hand， but...故选type。

3. B 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由上文的a strange noise，推断出选stop.停下来检查。

4. B 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。由上文的a strange noise and stop，推断出选examined， 停下来检查。

5. A 巧用空格后面的转折连词but线索解题。由下文的but as he found nothing____，he continued his way， 推断出选wrong。

6. C 巧用了原词复现的方法。上文中出现了... to stay there longer than a week，故应选它的词 stay 原词。

7. D 巧用了逻辑推理的方法。上文中说...I am not rich enough to stay there longer than a week，而实际上in Italy for two months，故选long。

8. A 巧用了原词复现的方法。下文中出现了“ So can he speak English well now？”，故应选它的原词 English。

考生要提高完形填空的解题水平，除了掌握上面介绍的方法技巧外，在平时的学习实践中，要有计划、有目的地加强阅读、提高速度，学会对文章内容进行逻辑推断，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义。解题要限时，做后要分析，运用正确的解题方法与技巧，解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。

（作者单位：佛山市南海石门中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint