三江并流风景名胜区梅里雪山景区，迪庆，云南，中国

景观设计：清华大学建筑学院景观学系/北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

三江并流风景名胜区梅里雪山景区，迪庆，云南，中国

Meili Snow Mountain Scenic Area in Three Parallel Rivers National Park, Diqing, Yunnan, China, 2002

景观设计：清华大学建筑学院景观学系/北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

1 梅里雪山主峰卡瓦博格/Main peak of Meili snow mountain (Kawa Karpo)

梅里雪山景区所处横断山脉地带，是金沙江、澜沧江和怒江之间直线距离最近的区域，形成了举世无双的“三江并流”壮丽奇观。梅里雪山主峰卡瓦格博是藏区八大神山之一。21世纪初，随着旅游的快速发展，景区保护管理问题日益严峻。规划任务：为发展初期的景区建立科学的和可操作性强的管理体制。

规划用地布局由这一地区独特的地貌和气候特征决定，是以澜沧江为对称轴的带状层级式结构，从江岸到两侧山脊线，资源保护的比重逐渐增强，资源利用的比重相对逐渐减弱。旅游线路规划遵循东西有别原则，西岸尽最大可能保证自然环境的原始性和文化资源的真实性，限制发展快速交通；东岸在环境承受力允许的范围内，实现“村村通公路”。传统民族村落与自然景观高度和谐统一，旅游服务设施遵循社区结合和社区参与原则，设置田园观光型居民点和服务型居民点，不单独设立成规模的旅游服务设施用地。

除了物质空间规划外，规划对软性管理内容进行了研究和探讨，提出科学管理、能源替代、生态和文化旅游、社区能力建设4大战略，明确发展初期景区管理体制建设的重点。

规划过程中对多个规划技术和方法进行了创新，包括：目标-战略-行动计划3层次协同规划技术；地质学、植物学、民族文化学等多学科融贯方法；综合了重要性和敏感度的资源评价方法等。

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client：云南省建设厅暨云南省三江并流国家重点风景名胜区管理办公室

规划团队/Design Team：杨锐，党安荣，庄优波，左川，韩昊英，李然，陈新，刘晓冬

规划面积/Area：1588km2

规划时间/Project Time：2001.9-2002.10

规划期限/Planning Period：2002-2020

游客规模/Number of Tourists：2000年9.6万人，2001年11.6万人，增长率达20%

居民规模及收入/Population and Income：2001年1.25万人，农民人均年纯收入不足700元

2 针阔混交林/Conifer and broadleaf mixed forests

Meili Snow Mountain Scenic Area is located in the Hengduan Mountains, an area between the Jinsha, Lancang and Nujiang that forms the unique and magnificent "Three Parallel Rivers" landscape. The main peak of Meili Snow Mountain (Kawa Karpo) is one of eight sacred Tibetan mountains. In the early 2000s, with the rapid development of tourism, problems of resource protection and management in the area become increasingly severe.The task of this planning project was to establish a scientific and highly workable management system for the scenic area in its early development stage.

The Land Use Plan layout is a hierarchical structure of ribbons along the axis of the Lancang River, a layout determined by the area's unique topography and climate characteristics. On both sides of the water from the riverbank to the ridgeline, resource protection gradually increases, while resource utilization gradually declines. The circulation route planning followed the basic principle that the west side is different from the east side. On the west side, the objective was to ensure the authenticity of the natural environmentcultural resources are protected and rapid transit is limited. On east side and within allowable tolerances, every village is accessible by road. Traditional villages are highly harmonized with the natural landscape. Following the principle of community participation, tourism service-oriented and sightseeing-oriented residential settlements were planned. Separate large-scale tourist service areas are not allowed.

In addition to physical planning, some methods of "soft" management contents were also discussed. Four management strategies were proposed including: scientific management, alternative energy, community capacity building and ecological and cultural tourism. The intent was to clarify the priorities of the management system building in the early development stage.

During the planning process, a number of innovative methods were explored including: Target-Strategy-Action Plan collaborative planning techniques; geology, botany, national culture and other subjects coherent approach; as well as resource evaluation methods which combine importance evaluation and sensitivity evaluation.

3 雪峰与村庄的和谐/Harmony of snow peak and villages

评论

丁力扬：梅里雪山风景名胜区实际上属于国家公园范畴。该设计在总规层面借鉴了卡尔·斯坦尼兹教授的景观规划方法和理论以及美国国家公园的经验，同时争取与“总体管理规划”接轨。在具体措施上，提出了创新性的策略和技术方法，比如3层次协同规划体系、资源保护等级光谱、多学科交叉融贯，管理空间边界规划、包含解说规划在内的软性规划等方面。

阙镇清：以最大可能保证自然与文化资源原真性的景区保护和利用平衡为目标，战略层面治本控因的软性管理规划与执行层面治标调果的空间规划双管齐下，创造性地提出旅游与社区整合发展的思路，使旅游开发在神山雪域的足迹最小化。在国家的自然、文化和历史遗产面临经济转型期与旅游大发展威胁的今天，三江并流风景名胜区梅里雪山景区总体规划为我国的自然文化资源的保护提供了值得学习的典范。

Comments

DING Liyang： From a technique standpoint, the Meili Snow Mountain Scenic Area can be understood as a national park. The design, a general management plan, borrows from the theory and methods of Professor Carl Steinitz and the experiences of the United States National Park Service. Specifically, the design employs a number of creative strategy and working methods, for example the plan system of collaborative techniques in three levels, the hierarchy system of the resource preservations in light spectrum, the intervention and coherence of multiple subject approaches, the plan and management of zoning boundaries, and the interpretation system in terms of the flexible planning, etc.

QUE Zhenqing： In order to achieve a balance between scenic area protection-utilization and the goal of ensuring the greatest possible authenticity of natural and cultural resources, the planners proposed both "soft" management policies on the strategic level and physical planning on the implementation level. To minimize the footprint of tourism in the scenic area, its development was creatively integrated with community improvement. Today, when the natural, cultural and historical heritage of the country are threatened by the growth of the tourism industry, the General management plan for the Meili Snow Mountain Scenic Area in Three Parallel Rivers National Park provides a model for the protection of these resources worth learning from.

4 从河谷到雪山/From the river valley to the snow mountain

5 高程分析/Elevation analysis

6 分区规划/Management zones planning

7 土地利用规划/Land use planning

8 斯农村鸟瞰/Bird's-eye view of Sinong village9 植被利用规划/Vegetation use plan10 河流水系规划/Water system plan11 社区规划/Community plan12 雪山经幡/Snow mountain and Jingfan13 分区规划图则图例/Legend of management zones planning14 服务型社区梅里石村分区规划图则/Planning of Meilishi village as service community15 资源有限利用区步行观光区分区规划图则/Planning of tourist pedestrian system16 资源有限利用区河谷生态区分区规划图则/ Planning of valley ecological zone