北京奥林匹克森林公园，北京，中国

2014-02-18 09:41景观设计北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司清华大学建筑学院景观学系

世界建筑 2014年2期

景观设计：北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司/清华大学建筑学院景观学系

Landscape Design: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd./Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

北京奥林匹克森林公园，北京，中国

Beijing Olympic Forest Park, Beijing, China, 2008

景观设计：北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司/清华大学建筑学院景观学系

Landscape Design: Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd./Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

1 从空中俯瞰奥林匹克森林公园/The full view of the park from the air

北京奥林匹克森林公园占地680hm2，坐落在北京古老中轴线的北部，其设计理念中必然传承中国传统文化的精髓，“虽由人作，宛自天开”这一中国传统造园艺术的最高境界，也是其规划设计所执着追求的；山水错落，负阴抱阳，取“仁者乐山，智者乐水”的意境，使山水空间具有了人文的意义；绵延山水，跌宕起伏，寻求“一峰则太华千寻，一勺则江湖万里”一样的大气魄，突出表达人与自然相生共荣的和谐，而这正是中国山水文化的精髓所在；“龙形水系”，不仅取“水不在深，有龙则灵”的文化含义，更是将中国龙图腾向世界传播。奥林匹克森林公园的设计创意，使其“通往自然的轴线”理念不仅仅体现在空间序列上，也使中轴线上的中国传统文化得以传承和升华。

公园功能定位为“城市的绿肺和生态屏障、奥运的中国山水休闲后花园、市民的健康森林和休憩自然”。五环路将公园分成南北两园，北园是以生态保护与生态恢复功能为主的自然野趣密林，尽量保留原有自然地貌、植被，减少设施，限制游人量，为动、植物的生长、繁育创造良好环境。南园是以休闲娱乐功能为主的生态森林公园，以大型自然山水景观的构建为主，兼顾群众休闲娱乐功能，为市民提供良好的生态休闲环境。

公园全面应用当代最先进的园林建造技术和生态环境科技，制定出一系列重要的生态战略，形成大量生态设计成果，用科技营造和谐自然的生态公园，力求达到中国传统园林意境、现代园林建造技术与环境生态科学技术的完美结合。

The park site has an area of 680 ha and is located to the North of urban Beijing, a point where the city once met natural forests. As a key component of the Olympic Green, it is part of the Olympic Committee's "Axis to Nature" master plan-a plan designed to build a transition from the urban environment, from a severe urban context to a new ecosystem planned according to principles of sustainable development.

To respect the cultural significance of the Central Axis and the immediate urban context of the Forest Park, laws of FengShui guided the preliminary design of the landscape forms. The design was developed to merge traditional Chinese landscape concepts, emphasizing the need for the artificial to appear natural and harmoniously picturesque, with contemporary technologies. Diverse landforms were generated in design workshops and consisted of a screen of mountains in the North with water flowing towards the south, continuing through the Olympic Green and connecting the Olympic venues. A broad regional study of the Forest Park's possible ecoenvironmental influence upon Beijing was executed to investigate how it might improve current conditions such as the urban heat island effect, dust retention, noise pollution, while increasing oxygen and oxygen anion content in the air and water conservation. Such ideas continued to be analyzed and evaluated throughout the design process.

2 湖心观景平台/ Viewing platform in the lake

3 仰山：利用建设挖方人工堆筑/Yangshan Mountain: an artificial mountain using material from the excavation and construction

项目信息/Credits and Data

项目主持/Principal in Charge：胡洁

主设计师/Chief Designers：胡洁，吴宜夏，吕璐珊

设计团队/Design Team：张艳，刘辉，李薇，刘海伦，孙宵茗，赵春秋，李加忠，尤斌，邹梦宬，郭峥，李春娇，张传奇，陈霞，冯霄，朱育帆，姚玉君，张洁，高政敏，Andreas Luka，Angela Silbermann，Verena Fischbach，David Pasgrimaud，Shira Szabo

顾问团队/Consultants：美国Sasaki设计事务所，孟兆桢，陈吉宁，尹稚，梁伟，袁昕，Laurie Olin

专家团队/Experts：檀馨，端木歧，栗德祥，安友丰，殷双喜，苏云龙，董丽，倪学明，李湛东，赵福生，张帆，张晓林，张正旺，曹宗豪，钱德琳，Ron Henderson，Betsy Damon

合作单位/Collaboration：北京创新景观园林设计有限责任公司，北京中国风景园林规划设计研究中心，北京市园林古建设计研究院，北京北林地景园林规划设计院有限责任公司，北京中元工程设计顾问公司，北京城市建设研究院

面积/Area：680 hm2

设计时间/Design Period：2005-2008

张路峰：作为古都历史中轴线的延伸，该公园不仅仅在功能上为城市提供了一片难得的开放空间，更在文化心理层面表达了某种集体无意识。龙形的水系，中轴线尽端的人工山体，都在以心照不宣的方式暗中呼应着风水的原则。景观设计师巧妙地把专业设计的内涵融于适合大众浅层阅读的具象手法中，获得了皆大欢喜的结果。不过，要让“森林公园”名副其实，还得耐心等待几十年——等树长大。

郑晓笛：奥运会已经成为世界上多个举办城市改善城市公共开放空间的契机。5年来，北京奥林匹克森林公园成为市民体育运动、休闲娱乐、亲近自然、聚会活动的城市绿肺，真正地成为人人均可免费享用的融入城市血脉的大型公共景观空间。短时间内大土方量的挖湖堆山，是在景观工程技术方面的大胆尝试。个别绿色技术虽已建设，但管理中却未运行，甚为遗憾。

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng： As an extension of the ancient city's historical axis, the forest park not only provides a rare open space for the city, but also expresses the collective unconsciousness. With its diverse landscape formations, a screen of artificial mountains to the North and water flowing towards the South, the park tacitly echoes the principles of Fengshui. The landscape designer skillfully expresses professional his design philosophy through an explicit legible design. This pleases both professionals and the mass audience. But we will have to wait patiently, for decades in fact, for the trees to mature enough so that we can truly enjoy a "forest park".

ZHENG Xiaodi：The Olympic shave been taken as an opportunity to reshape urban public spaces by many of the world's host cities. For the past five years, Beijing's Olympic Forest Park has served as an urban green lung, provided spaces for sports, leisure, recreation, gathering, events and connecting with nature. It is a truly public large-scale landscape offering free access for all people and has played an active role in the life of the city. The park design was bold from a construction and technical perspective, calling large-scale earthwork-digging the lake and forming the hill-on a very tight schedule. Several green technologies were adopted in the park. It is a pity that not all of them are operable.