原子城爱国主义教育基地纪念园，海北州，青海，中国

景观设计：清华大学建筑学院景观学系/北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

原子城爱国主义教育基地纪念园，海北州，青海，中国

Nuclear Memorial Park, Haibei, Qinghai, China, 2009

景观设计：清华大学建筑学院景观学系/北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

1 站在“高瞻远瞩”台上，透过青杨林望向和平之丘/Standing on the "overlook" platform, looking toward the Hill of Peace through populus cathayana woods.

基地包括纪念馆和纪念园，是为纪念在新中国自我研制原子弹、氢弹中做出巨大贡献的人而建。海北州具有青藏高原显著的地貌特征及恶劣的气候条件。场地内的青杨形成一条150m长的视廊，根据胸径可以推算出是当年创业人所栽。作为时间和物态的综合体，青杨的统摄力和震撼力使其成为设计的出发点。玛尼堆（显著的地域文化符号）和锈钢板（源自爆轰试验场上的掩土建筑）作为与自然地貌、纪念事件密切相关的要素成为形式语言基调。

为保护全部青杨，设计选用钟摆式、隐性中轴模式——一条之字形“596之路”，环绕树林而展开，线性讲述研制两弹极其曲折和艰辛的叙事史诗。此模式的一个重要特点是，路径是独立的和唯一的，根据需要在路径上经营任意一点与高潮点之间的视线关系，目标始终在远方若隐若现，几重空间被压紧后，释放在“和平之丘”。穿过“和平之门”登至山顶，回顾（对自身力量的探索）或远眺（对自然天地的敬畏），使人的精神得到升华。之字形路牢牢地把纪念叙事空间捆绑在大地上，与青杨、高原浑然一体。

纪念景观建立在充分认识并利用自然元素、自然之力的基础上，以轻介入的姿态，通过隐喻，将场地遗存、场所信息和纪念精神融合在一起，形成了一种基于大地的设计语汇和风格。

2 青杨林形成东西向视廊/Populus cathayana woods forms an east-west view corridor

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client：青海省发改委

项目主持/Principal in Charge：朱育帆

设计团队/Design Team：刘静，姚玉君，郭湧，王丹，潘克宁，杨展展，张振威，唐健人，李烁，孟凡玉，魏方，杨觅，曹然，许愿

合作单位/Collaboration：北京中元工程设计顾问公司/北京中奥雕塑环境艺术有限公司

雕塑家团队/Sculpture Team：王涪波，李富军

设计面积/Area：12 hm2

设计时间/Design Period：2006-2009

摄影/Photos：陈尧，贾玥

The project, including a Memorial Hall and Park, was constructed in honor of the contributors to the creation of New China's atomic and hydrogen bombs. Haibei Prefecture has the distinguishing geomorphic features and bad weather conditions of the Qing-Tibet Plateau. The Populus cathayanain trees on the site, planted by the founder, form a 150m long view corridor. It is a strong impressive gesture that marks the starting point of the design. Mani stones-a profound symbol of the culture of the region-and rusted steel plate-recalling the earth-sheltered buildings of the detonation test site-are materials closely related to the natural features of the site and the memorialized event.They create the formal language of the project.

To protect the Populous cathayana, the design orients around an invisible north/south axis while assigning circulation through the site to a zigzag "Road of 596 (June, 1956)" through the woods. The path allows the interpretive narrative (about the development of the two bombs) to unfold linearly. It is an independent and unique route: a sightline between any point the target looming at distance is kept purposely clear. After the compaction of the route to the "Hill of Peace," there is release upon arrival. Moving through "Door of Peace" to the mountaintop, the prospect and overlook (reverence on natural world) enhances the spirit.

This memorial landscape fully understands and utilizes the natural elements and forces of the site. It uses metaphor and integrates historical remains, site information and a memorial spirit in a light way that discovers an earth-based design vocabulary and style.

3 场地文脉/Site context

评论

鲍威：线性的叙事空间是博物馆建筑常见的组织方式，此案将其巧妙地运用在景观设计中。场地的青杨构成了设计的文脉，而所创造的空间节点既为建筑之实在功能，亦为所要讲述故事的片段。一系列景观元素的形式及材料运用极具敏感度，成为此露天博物馆的展览主题。有如音乐的抑扬顿挫或文章的起承转合，将场地的故事向人们婉婉道来。

阙镇清：隐喻坚定信心的玛尼墙与代表两弹研发艰辛史的锈钢板勾勒出充满张力的纪念之径，追寻当年原子城创业人栽下的青杨及他们工作过的建筑拆除后留下的虚空，新中国两弹研发的壮丽史诗沉重奏响。事件节点序列与视觉节奏经营融为一体，随起伏地形引向高潮“和平之丘”。辽阔高原之上，无穷天幕之下，镜池映照，只留虚空，游人情绪得到释放，精神得到升华。这是扎根大地的设计，这是触动心灵的设计。

4 玛尼墙与锈钢板墙构成延展的界面，通过精细的变截面设计来形成之字形路上丰富的空间变化/Mani wall and rusted steel plate wall constitute an extension interface and forms rich space variation of the zigzag road through elaborate variable section design.

5 景观叙事线索/Landscape narrative clue

6 平面/Plan

Comments

BAO Wei： Linear narrative space is an organizational device commonly used in museum design. This project eloquently adopts this approach as its landscape strategy. Existing Cathay poplar trees were chosen as the context against which the design's more composed landscape moments-its tangible story-telling program-plays out. Great sensibility is at work in both the formal composition and material selection of this outdoor museum.

QUE Zhenqing： Together the Mani wall-a metaphor of uncompromising confidence-and the rusted steel plate-representing the hard history of the development of Two-Bombs-describe a tension-filled memorial path. Along the path is traced by cathayana trees planted by the founder of the Atomic City and the voids left after the demolition of its buildings. The glorious epic of New China's generation of atomic and hydrogen bombs creates a solemn atmosphere. The sequence of represented events works in harmony with the undulating terrain, building towards a climax at the "Hill of Peace." On the vast plateau, under the endless sky, looking into the shining mirror pool and feeling the emptiness, visitors find emotional release and a kind of sublimated spiritually. Rooted in the earth, the park is designed to touch our souls.

7 下沉广场空间分析/Spatial analysis on the sunken square

8 山势绵延起伏,看似舒缓却蕴藏着地壳运动般的无穷张力/Rolling hills seem to be gentle, but contains infinite tension as the crustal movement.

9 在青杨的掩映下，人物群雕左顾右盼栩栩如生，“书信”故事的主人公夫妇仿佛穿越时空来相会/Amid the populus cathayana, group figure sculpture are animated as if the protagonist couple in the story of "letter" were passing through the time and space to meet each other.

10 在青杨的掩映下，人物群雕左顾右盼栩栩如生，“书信”故事的主人公夫妇仿佛穿越时空来相会/Amid the populus cathayana,group figure sculpture are animated as if the protagonist couple in the story of "letter" were passing through the time and space to meet each other.

12 青杨集中分布的区域成为最重要的情景展示场/The most centralized area of populus cathayana becomes the most important scene showground.

13 《在那遥远的地方》在和平之丘上回响/The song "In a Faraway Fairyland" is resounding above the Hill of Peace