匡 正 张雪梅 匡 艳
1.山东省日照市人民医院口腔科,山东日照 276800;2.山东省日照市人民医院重症医学科,山东日照 276800
匡 正1张雪梅2匡 艳1
1.山东省日照市人民医院口腔科,山东日照 276800;2.山东省日照市人民医院重症医学科,山东日照 276800
目的调查分析山东省日照地区10所中学600名中学生的错畸形情况。方法选择2013年上半学期山东省日照地区10所中学的600名中学生进行调查,包括男生311名,女生289名,采取儿童填写调查问卷及专业医师口腔检查相结合的方式进行,采用室内自然光线,口内直视检查及问诊,并作记录,同时计算错畸形患病率与性别的关系;各种安氏分类的构成比、各种错畸形的类型构成与各种不良口腔习惯的关系等。结果600名中学生中,正常 者有210名,错 者有390名,患病率为65.0%。其中男生错畸形有198名,患病率为63.7%(198/311),女生错畸形有178名,患病率为61.6%(178/289),男女性别间患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.034,P>0.05)。 安氏分类构成结果显示,在 390 名错畸形患者中,安氏Ⅰ类234名(60.0%),安氏Ⅱ类98名(25.1%),安氏Ⅲ类 58名(14.9%)。错畸形的类型构成结果显示,在各种错畸形的类型中,牙列拥挤所占比例最大,约35.9%,其次为上颌前突及深覆盖、牙错位或扭转、深覆 。不良口腔习惯统计结果显示,390名错畸形中学生中,口呼吸、咬唇、偏侧咀嚼、咬物习惯、吮指和吐舌习惯均超过50.0%。结论山东省日照市地区中学生恒牙列错畸形患病率高,临床表现复杂多样,这与日常口腔用牙的生活习惯关系密切。因此在以后的工作中应加强预防错畸形的宣传教育,对已出现的错畸形及时矫治,做到早防早治,提高儿童的口腔健康水平。
错畸形;口腔健康;日照地区;调查分析
选择2013年上半学期山东省日照地区10所中学中的600名中学生进行调查,包括男生311名,女生289名,年龄12~17岁,受检者均为恒牙列。
采用室内自然光线、口内直视检查及问诊,并作记录,记录由专人负责。检查者在调查前均进行统一的培训,并对检查者进行标准的一致性检验,Kappa值为0.688。
采取儿童填写调查问卷及专业医师口腔检查相结合的方式进行,内容包括一般情况及错畸形等。根据《赫尔辛基宣言》的要求征得调查对象同意后由调查对象填写调查表中的一般情况。检查员参考调查表对调查对象进行 关系检查并记录。
参照《口腔正畸学》(第五版)[5]进行诊断,若有轻微的扭转或错位但不影响咀嚼功能及美观的均列入正常 范畴,以个别正常 为正常 标准,按照安氏分类法进行错 分类。安氏分类法是目前使用最为广泛的错畸形分类法,以上第1恒磨牙为基准,根据上下牙弓间的前后关系,将错畸形分为3类:第1类错 ——中性错 ;第2类错 ——远中错 ;第3类错 ——近中错 。
采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,计数资料采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
600名中学生中,正常 者210名,错 者390名,患病率为65.0%。其中男生错畸形198名,患病率为63.7%(198/311),女生错畸形178名,患病率为61.6%(178/289),男女性别间患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.034,P>0.05)。
表1 各种错畸形的类型构成情况(n=390)
类型 n 所占比例(%)牙列拥挤上颌前突及深覆盖牙错位或扭转深覆牙间隙反前牙后牙开锁对刃双颌前突140 49 47 40 20 31 23 183 1 35.9 12.6 12.1 10.3 5.1 7.9 5.9 0.3 2.0 7.9
表2 错畸形与各种不良口腔习惯的关系
表2 错畸形与各种不良口腔习惯的关系
不良口腔习惯 n 所占比例(%)口呼吸咬唇偏侧咀嚼咬物习惯吮指吐舌习惯210 222 196 225 205 198 53.8 56.9 50.3 57.7 52.6 50.8
综上所述,山东省日照市地区中学生恒牙列错畸形患病率高,临床表现复杂多样,且与日常口腔用牙的生活习惯关系密切,因此要求临床医师在工作中要加强预防错畸形的宣传教育,纠正影响口腔键康的不良习惯,对已出现的错畸形及时矫治,做到早防早治,提高儿童的口腔健康水平。
[1]匡正,宋岩,匡艳,等.煎饼主食地区错畸形及内倾性深覆 调查研究[J].广东牙病防治,2010,18(1):33-35.
[2]郑学汜.固定正畸治疗矫治前后错颌畸形严重程度与患者满意度相关研究[J].局解手术学杂志,2013,22(5):513-514,517.
[3]张琴,张景,胡杨,等.乌鲁木齐市高考学生口腔健康状况调查分析[J].新疆医科大学学报,2013,36(9):1372-1374.
[4]郑丽霞,刘燕,张燕,等.聊城市3800名学龄前儿童口腔健康情况调查[J].医学信息,2013,26(14):538-539.
[5]陈扬熙.口腔正畸学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012.
[6]傅民魁,张丁,王邦康,等.中国25392名儿童与青少年错畸形患病率的调查[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2002,37(5):371-373.
[7]崔元志,吴汉韬,黄子阳,等.鄂西山区(恩施)少年儿童错牙合畸形调查[J].中国保健营养,2012,22(5):528.
[8]呼明燕.安氏Ⅱ类2分类患者对自身畸形的认知度及客观正畸治疗需要的评价[D].济南:山东大学,2012.
[9]朱厚正,李俊言.747名中学生恒牙列错牙合畸形的调查分析[J].医学信息,2011,24(6):2807-2808.
[10]何依若,王禹弘,万凌云.成都地区6~12岁儿童错牙合畸形与口腔不良习惯关系的探究[J].环球中医药,2013,6(z1):260-261.
[11]杨建浩,李亚静,吕宝辉,等.河南省某综合性大学新生对正畸治疗的需求调查[J].郑州大学学报·医学版,2012,47(5):725-727.
[12]吴楠,陈黄琴,郑超,等.咸宁学院888名大学生错牙合畸形状况调查研究[J].临床合理用药杂志,2011,4(9):120-121.
[14]亓红娟,秦德川.泰安市中小学生口腔健康状况调查及防治对策[J].泰山医学院学报,2007,28(10):810-811.
[15]陈雪婷.固定矫治器矫治恒牙期高角安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合畸形的临床观察[D].福州:福建医科大学,2013.
[16]姚芬,葛红珊,周小军.正畸疗效与患者满意度的多因素分析[J].南昌大学学报·医学版,2012,52(10):23-26.
[17]严军.广州市白云区中学生错畸形情况调查[J].中国误诊学杂志,2010,10(22):5532-5533.
[18]徐疾,李静,刘子晗,等.监护人对儿童间隙保持相关知识认知差异的调查[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2014,30(7):429-432.
[19]纪佳佳.152名8-10岁湖南益阳籍儿童的客观治疗需要口腔健康相关生活质量影响的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.
Analysis of fault occlusal deformity of Rizhao area in Shandong province
KUANG Zheng1ZHANG Xue-mei2KUANG Yan1
1.Department of Stomatology,the People′s Hospital of Rizhao City in Shandong Province,Rizhao 276800,China;2.Department of Intensive Medicine,the People′s Hospital of Rizhao City in Shandong Province,Rizhao 276800,China
ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the fault occlusal deformity of 600 middle school students in 10 secondary schools of Rizhao area in Shandong Province.Methods600 middle school students from 2013 half semester in 10 secondary schools of Rizhao city in shandong province were selected,the survey was conducted including male 311,female 289,combining way of questionnaires and medical professional oral cavity were taken for the children,with them in the indoor natural light,mouth inside look check and interrogation,at the same time calculation wrong occlusal malformation rates and gender relations were recorded,the composition of various Ann classification,all kinds of wrong occlusal type structure of the malformation,and various relations of poor oral habits,etc were compared.ResultsIn 600 middle school students,normal occlusal students were 210 cases,wrong occlusal students were 390 cases,the prevalence was 65.0%.The boys with fault occlusal deformity was 198 cases,prevalence was 63.7%(198/311),girls with fault occlusal deformity was 178 cases,prevalence was 61.6%(178/289),the prevalence compared between male and female gender,there was no statistically significant difference(chi-square=1.034,P>0.05).The results of Ann classification structure showed that,390 patients with fault occlusal deformity,there were 234 cases(60.0%)of AnnⅠclass,98 cases(25.1%)were AnnⅡclass,58 cases(14.9%)were AnnⅢclass.The results of fault of occlusal malformation type showed that,in the various fault type of occlusal deformity,and dental column crowded was the largest,proportion was about 35.9%,followed by upper jaw thrust forward and deep coverage,teeth dislocation or reverse,deep overburden occlusal.The results of bad oral habits showed that,390 cases with the fault occlusal deformity in the middle school students,mouth breathing,bite lips,partial lateral chewing,biting habit,suck and tongue habits were all more than 50.0%.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of middle school students with fault occlusal deformity of Rizhao city in Shandong province is high with the complex and varied clinical manifestations,and closely associated with daily oral habits with his teeth.It should be strengthen the prevention of the fault occlusal deformity of propaganda and education in the later work,and give timely correction do early treated early prevention for the fault occlusal deformity,to improve the oral health of children.
The fault occlusal deformity;Oral health;Rizhao area;Investigation and analysis
R781.2
A
1674-4721(2014)10(a)-0154-03
2014-09-02 本文编辑:祁海文)