丁巍巍,陶元红,李嫦娥
(延边大学 理学院数学系,吉林 延吉 133002)
trλi=0; tr(λiλj)=2δij(i,j=1,2,…,R2-1).
由于任意量子系统的密度算子都是半正定的Hermite算子,所以密度算子可以由上述特殊酉群SU(R)的生成元和单位算子表示.
证明:设
对式(1)两边同时取迹得:0=tr(φ)=C0R1R2R3,故C0=0.因此,式(1)变为
于是,式(2)变为
于是,式(3)可变为
(4)
综上可知,集合S是MR1R2R3()中的线性无关集,由于集合S中恰好有(R1R2R3)2个元素,所以它是线性空间MR1R2R3()的一个Hamel基.证毕.
证明过程完全类似定理1,故略.
根据线性空间MR1R2…Rn()的上述Hamel基,可以表示出n体量子系统的密度矩阵ρA1…An.易证:
定理3设n体量子系统A1A2…An的状态由密度矩阵ρA1…An描述,则ρA1…An可以表示为
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