邓敏刘季芳谷依学郑国沛
1.广州医学院附属肿瘤医院,肿瘤研究所,广东 广州510095;
2.南华大学肿瘤研究所,湖南 衡阳 421001
miR-218对鼻咽癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响
邓敏1,2刘季芳1谷依学1郑国沛1
1.广州医学院附属肿瘤医院,肿瘤研究所,广东 广州510095;
2.南华大学肿瘤研究所,湖南 衡阳 421001
背景与目的:miR-218在鼻咽癌组织中表达显著下调。本研究探讨过表达miR-218对人鼻咽癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响。方法:使用脂质体将成熟miR-218序列模拟物(miR-218 mimics)转染人鼻咽癌细胞株5-8F,以无关序列(Scramble mimics)作为阴性对照。采用qRT-PCR技术验证miR-218 mimics转染细胞中miR-218的表达水平;通过MTS法及Transwell侵袭实验观察miR-218过表达对5-8F细胞增殖和侵袭力的影响。结果:在5-8F细胞中,转染miR-218 mimics细胞中miR-218的表达量是Scramble mimics细胞的17倍。过表达miR-218的细胞与对照细胞相比,增殖速度明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Transwell侵袭实验结果显示,转染miR-218 mimics后,与Scramble mimics细胞相比,5-8F细胞的侵袭力明显减慢(P<0.05)。结论:miR-218能抑制鼻咽癌细胞增殖及侵袭,在鼻咽癌的发生和进展中发挥重要作用。
鼻咽癌;miR-218;细胞增殖;细胞侵袭
miRNAs是由长约19~24个核苷酸组成的非编码小分子RNA,能通过降解靶mRNA或抑制靶mRNA的翻译来调节靶基因表达。miRNAs参与生命过程中一系列的重要进程,包括生长发育、细胞增殖、分化、细胞运动及新陈代谢等[1]。研究发现,人类多种肿瘤中存在miRNA基因异常或表达异常[2]。miRNA以发挥癌基因和抑癌基因的功能参与细胞增殖、凋亡和分化的调控,在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中发挥着重要的生物学功能[2-3]。例如,let-7通过靶向调控KRAS抑制肺癌的发生,且其表达水平与肺癌预后密切相关[4-5]。miR-182在黑素瘤中高表达,通过功能研究发现过表达miR-182促进黑素瘤转移[6]。近期,本研究通过qRT-PCR技术检测了miR-218在鼻咽癌组织与对照鼻咽黏膜组织(包括正常及炎症黏膜组织)中表达差异,发现鼻咽癌组织相对于对照鼻咽黏膜组织,miR-218表达显著下调,并且miR-218表达与鼻咽癌临床进展及转移呈负相关。本研究通过在鼻咽癌细胞中转染成熟miR-218模拟物(miR-218 mimics)使miR-218高表达,探讨miR-218对鼻咽癌细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移的影响,从而初步揭示miR-218在鼻咽癌中的生物学功能。
1.1 主要材料
LipofectamineTM2000转染试剂购自美国Invitrogen公司。miR-218 mimics为Ambion公司产品。RPMI-1640培养基购自Hyclone公司、胎牛血清购自杭州四季青。MTS细胞增殖/毒性检测试剂盒购自美国Promega公司。铺有基质胶的Transwell侵袭小室(8.0 μm孔径)购自BD Biosciences公司。
1.2 细胞培养和转染
5-8F是高致瘤和高转移的鼻咽癌细胞株,为典型低分化鳞癌细胞。由本实验室保存,均培养于含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640液中,在95%湿度,CO2体积分数为5%,37 ℃条件下。转染前1天将细胞接种于6孔板中,待贴壁细胞融合度达40%~60%时,根据 LipofectamineTM2000说明书用无血清培养基进行转染。转染后6 h换新鲜完全培养基,继续扩大培养以用于后续实验。
1.3 MTS法检测细胞增殖活性
使用脂质体将miR-218 mimics转染人鼻咽癌细胞株5-8F,以无关序列(Scramble mimics)作为阴性对照。取miR-218 mimics及Scramble mimics转染24 h后细胞接种于96孔板中,每组设6个复孔,放入37 ℃、CO2体积分数为5%的培养箱中培养。在未接种细胞的孔中加入RPMI-1640培养基中作为调零孔。接种后24、48、72和96 h各检测1次。检测时每孔加20 μL MTS检测试剂,37 ℃温育2 h,用酶标仪测定570 nm波长的吸光度值。实验重复3次。
1.4 Transwell侵袭实验
先将24孔板预热至37 ℃。消化miR-218 mimics 及control mimics转染细胞,用无血清培基洗涤2次,再用无血清培基重悬细胞,细胞计数,调整细胞数为1×105/mL。在Transwell下室加入800 μL含15% FCS的培基。在Transwell上室加入250 μL细胞悬液,37 ℃培养36~48 h。取出Transwell,擦掉靠上室侧膜的细胞,PBS洗涤,将Transwell用40%甲醛溶液中固定10 min,结晶紫染色,显微镜下观察、照相,随机选取5个高倍视野(×200)进行细胞计数,并计算平均值。实验重复3次。
1.5 qRT-PCR检测
逆转录按吉玛生物公司转录miRNA逆转录试剂盒进行,反应体系如下:总RNA 70 ℃预变性10 min,10×Buffer 2 μL,10 mmol/L MgCl24 μL,dNTP 2 μL,核糖核酸酶抑制剂 0.5 μL,AMV反转录酶(20 U) 0.6 μL,Oligo(dT)15 Primer 1 μL,总RNA 1 μg,加无酶水至20 μL。反应条件42 ℃1 h,95 ℃ 5 min,4 ℃ 10 min。
PCR反应体系如下:SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM 10 μL,Forward Primer (10 μmol/L) 0.4 μL,Reverse Primer (10 μmol/L) 0.4 μL,cDNA模板2.0 μL,蒸馏水加至20 μL。采用Bio-Rad IQ5实时定量PCR仪进行PCR反应,反应条件为:95.0 ℃变性30 s;60.0 ℃退火30 s,95.0 ℃延伸5 s,共40个循环。
1.6 统计学处理
2.1 转染miR-218 mimics后细胞中miRNA-218表达变化
miR-218 mimics 及Scramble mimics(阴性对照)分别转染5-8F细胞,48 h后抽提细胞总RNA,运用qRT-PCR验证miR-218在细胞中的表达。结果表明,在5-8F细胞中,转染miR-218 mimics细胞中miR-218的表达量是Scramble mimics细胞的17倍(图1)。
图 1 转染miR-218 mimics后5-8F细胞中miRNA-218表达变化Fig. 1 Expression level of miRNA-218 in 5-8F cells transfected with miR-218 mimics
2.2 过表达miR-218对5-8F细胞增殖的影响
通过MTS法检测,绘制生长曲线来观察过表达miR-218对鼻咽癌细胞增殖的影响。结果发现,转染miR-218 mimics的5-8F细胞从48 h起增殖速度明显减慢,与Scramble mimics细胞相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图2)。
图 2 过表达miR-218对5-8F细胞增殖的影响Fig. 2 Effect of miR-218 overexpression on cell proliferation in 5-8F cells
2.3 过表达miR-218对5-8F细胞侵袭的影响
本研究利用铺有基质胶的Transwell观察miR-218对细胞侵袭的影响。在Transwell上室加入细胞悬液(无血清),在下室加入含15% FCS培养基,显微镜下计数穿孔细胞数。结果显示,转染miR-218 mimics的5-8F细胞侵袭力均较Scramble mimics细胞明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图3)。
图 3 过表达miR-218对5-8F细胞侵袭力的影响Fig. 3 Effect of miR-218 overexpression on cell invasion in 5-8F cells
研究发现,miR-218在肺鳞癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胶质瘤中表达下调,且miR-218能抑制胶质瘤细胞侵袭力[7-10]。本课题组前期通过qRTPCR技术检测了miR-218在鼻咽癌组织与对照鼻咽黏膜组织(包括正常及炎症黏膜组织)中差异表达。结果表明miR-218在鼻咽癌组织表达明显下调;miR-218随着鼻咽癌的临床分期进展而表达降低,且有淋巴结转移的鼻咽癌表达明显低于无淋巴结转移的鼻咽癌(P<0.05),表明miR-218表达与鼻咽癌临床进展及转移呈负相关。通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析发现,miR-218表达越高的鼻咽癌患者预后越好。这些结果提示,miR-218在鼻咽癌的发生发展中起着重要作用。为了进一步明确这一点,本研究将miR-218 mimics转染至鼻咽癌细胞5-8F中,观察miR-218高表达对人鼻咽癌细胞增殖、侵袭的影响。转染miR-218 mimics的5-8F细胞从48 h起增殖速度明显减慢,与scramble mimics细胞相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Transwell侵袭实验结果显示,转染miR-218 mimics的5-8F细胞较Scramble mimics细胞侵袭力明显下降。这些结果表明,miR-218能抑制鼻咽癌细胞增殖及侵袭,在鼻咽癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。
miRNA功能的发挥依赖于与靶基因的相互作用,探讨miRNA的作用机制,关键是验证miRNA下游所调控的靶基因。本研究通过在线靶基因预测软件预测miR-218的靶基因,通过Targestscan软件得到931个靶基因,通过Pictar软件得到551个靶基因,通过miRanda软件得到7 337个靶基因。这些潜在的靶基因有许多与细胞增殖、粘附及迁移过程有关,如CDK6、CyclinD、E2F、CDH2、CHL1等。因而miR-218可能通过调控这些靶基因来发挥抑制鼻咽癌细胞增殖、侵袭的功能。当然,这仍然有待进一步的实验验证。
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Effect of miR-218 on tumor cell proliferation and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
DENG Min1,2, LIU Ji-fang1, GU Yi-xue1, ZHENG Guo-pei1(1. Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510183, China; 2. Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China)
DENG Min E-mail: dengmin2006@yahoo.com.cn
Background and purpose:miR-218 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was designed to investigate the effect of miR-218 on tumor cell proliferation and invasion in NPC. Methods:Human NPC cell line 5-8F was transfected with miR-218 mimics by LipofectamineTM2000. Meanwhile 5-8F cells were transfected with control mimics (Scramble mimics) as negative control. qRT-PCR was used to detect the miR-218 expression in these cells. The effects of miR-218 overexpression on cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated by MTS and Transwell invasion assay. Results:miR-218 expression was remarkably upregulated in miR-218-transfected cells, and the fold difference between miR-218-transfected cells and control cells was 17-fold. Transfection of miR-218 mimics into 5-8F cells led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation rate compared with control cells (P<0.05). The cell invasion by Transwell invasion assay was reduced in miR-218-overpressing cells relative to control cells (P<0.05). Conclusion:miR-218 can suppress cell proliferation and invasion in NPC. And it plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development of NPC.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; miR-218; Cell proliferation; Cell invasion
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.03.005
R769.63
:A
:1007-3639(2013)03-0184-04
2012-10-23
2012-12-25)
国家自然科学基金(No: 81101526)。
邓敏 E-mail:dengmin2006@yahoo.com.cn