动词短语一直是高考考查的一个热点,几乎每套题中都要设置2—3个考查动词短语的题目。从设题上看,主要有以下几种形式:
一、动词相同,后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词)
常见的这类动词有:get, turn, put, agree, take, run, break, set, die, call, cut, come, go, look, pay, pick, make等。
1. get + 介词 / 副词的短语有:get away with侥幸逃脱;get on with与……友好相处;get through接通,顺利通过,完成;get across被理解,越过;get about传播;走动;get in进入;陷入;get off下车,下来等。
【真题】 After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. (2010浙江12)
A. get away withB. get on with
C. get throughD. get across
【解析】 该题句意是:经过那件事之后,他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。故正确答案为选项C。
2. turn + 介词 / 副词的短语有:turn out 外出;turn on打开;turn in上床睡觉,上缴;turn around转身;turn about / round (使) 向后转,回头,转身;turn against反对;背叛;turn away转过脸去,拒绝;turn back往回走;turn into变成;turn off关掉;turn to转向;求助于;turn up调高,出现等。
【真题】 Thousands of people to watch yesterdays match against Ireland. (2010辽宁28)
A. turned onB. turned in
C. turned aroundD. turned out
【解析】 该句句意为:数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。故正确答案为选项D。
【真题】 —You look upset. Whats the matter?
—I had my proposal again. (2011江苏30)
A. turned overB. turned on
C. turned offD. turned down
【解析】 根据句意,应该是“我的建议遭到拒绝”。所以正确答案为D。
3. put + 介词 / 副词的短语有:put away 放好,收拾起来;put up举起,搭建,张贴,挂起,住宿;put on穿上,戴上;put together组装,装配,把……凑合起来;put aside把……放在一边;put back把……放回原处;put down放下,写下,镇压;put forward提出,建议;put in放进;put off推迟,拖延;put out生产,出版等。
【真题】 My mother opened the drawer to the knives and spoons. (2010全国II8)
A. put awayB. put up
C. put onD. put together
【解析】 该句句意为:妈妈打开抽屉将刀和调羹放好。故正确答案为选项A。
【真题】 He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of at a hotel for the night. (2011浙江12)
A. putting downB. putting off
C. putting onD. putting up
【解析】 该句句意为:他决定开车回家而不在宾馆住宿。故正确答案为选项D。
4. agree + 介词 / 副词的短语有:agree with同意,赞成;与……相适应;后接sb.或what从句;agree to同意,赞成 (观点,看法等);agree on就……达成协议;agree about对……有相同的看法。
【真题】 You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must you, I suppose. (2010陕西14)
A. agree withB. agree to
C. agree onD. agree about
【解析】 该句句意为:你看上去很好。我认为三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。故选A项。
5. take + 介词 / 副词的短语有:take in收进,理解,欺骗;take off脱去,起飞;take on呈现出,雇佣;take out取出,除去,摘录;take down拿下,记下;take over接收,接办,接任;take up拿起,占等。
【真题】 Some insects the color of their surroundings to protect themselves. (2011陕西25)
A. take inB. take off
C. take onD. take out
【解析】 该句句意为:有些昆虫为了保护自己,呈现出和环境相同的颜色。故正确答案为C。
6. run + 介词 / 副词的短语有:run away from逃离,躲避;run off with偷走;与……私奔;run up against偶遇;run out of用完;run across偶然碰见,不期而遇;run after追求,追逐;run against撞上,违反;run into偶然碰见,陷入,注入;run through花光,穿过等。
【真题】 —OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up. (2012江苏26)
—You cant your responsibilities.
A. run off withB. run up against
C. run out ofD. run away from
【解析】 句意为:——好了,我已受够了,我放弃。——你不能逃避你的责任。应选D项。
7. break + 介词 / 副词的短语有:break in打断,闯入,开始工作;break up结束,散开;分解;break out爆发;break down崩溃,垮掉;出毛病;抛锚;break through突破,突围;break off中断,突然停止;break into破门而入;break away突然离开,逃脱,脱离等。
【真题】 He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system . (2012陕西19)
A. broke inB. broke up
C. broke outD. broke down
【解析】 题干意思是:他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水,因为空调出毛病了。选D。
8. set + 介词 / 副词的短语有:set about doing sth. = set out to do sth. 着手;set off出发;set up建立;set aside把……放到一边;set back拨回;set down放下,记下等。
【真题】 Armed with the information you have gathered, you can preparing your business plan. (2012浙江15)
A. set outB. set about
C. set offD. set up
【解析】 题干意思是:有这么多你所收集的信息,你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。故正确答案为B。
We to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. (2012全国II12)
A. set aboutB. set up
C. set outD. set down
【解析】 题干意思是:我们着手将整个房子油漆好,可是那天只完成前面的部分。故正确答案为C。
二、动词不同,后面加上相同的小品词
使用频率较高的这类动词有find, point, rule, carry, take, get, shut, call, cut, come, go, look, set等。常见的介词或副词有:in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。
1. 动词 + out构成的短语有:find out查找出;point out指出;rule out排除;carry out执行,实施;go out出去;look out向外看;当心;walk out走出去,罢工等。
【真题】 The experiment has the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets. (2010江苏26)
A. found outB. pointed out
C. ruled outD. carried out
【解析】 该句句意为:该实验已经排除了星球上存在生命的可能性,但并不意味着在其他星球上没有生命。故正确答案为C。
2. 动词 + up构成的短语有:take up占据,开始从事; get up起床;shut up住嘴,关闭;set up建立;bring up抚养,培养;call up召唤,打电话;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放弃;go up上升,增长;grow up长大;look up向上看,查询,尊敬;make up组成,弥补,虚构;put up举起,搭建;pick up捡起,无意间学会,收听;send up发射;show up揭露,露面;turn up出现,开大等。
【真题】 Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man and left. (2010四川8)
A. took upB. got up
C. shut upD. set up
【解析】 该句句意为:Jenny正在找一个座位,就在那时,很幸运地,一个人站起来离开了。故选B。
3. 动词 + to构成的短语有:appeal to 吸引:belong to属于;refer to提到;涉及;occur to突然想到;object to反对;stick to坚持;subscribe to同意,赞成等。
【真题】 —How did you like Nicks performance last night? (2010安徽23)
—To be honest, his singing didnt to me much?
A. appealB. belong
C. referD. occur
【解析】 句意为“她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”故正确答案为A。
4. 动词 + up构成的短语有:pick up学会;捡起;顺车接送,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始;获得;bring up抚养,教育;提出;呕吐;look up向上看;(形势) 好转,改善;查阅;set up建立,设置;造成,产生;call up打电话给,召唤;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放弃;go up上升、增长;grow up长大;make up编造;组成;put up举起;搭建;send up发射;show up露面;揭露;turn up出现;开大;take up占据;开始从事等。
【真题】 Sam some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (2010山东27)
A. brought upB. looked up
C. picked upD. set up
【解析】 该题句意为:山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。故选C。
【真题】 Its surprising that your brother Russian so quickly—he hasnt lived there very long. (2012四川20)
A. picked upB. looked up
C. put upD. made up
【解析】 该题句意为:令人惊奇的是,你的弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。根据句意选A。
【真题】 Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you may just sweet dreams. (2010江西26)
A. keep up withB. put up with
C. end up withD. catch up with
【解析】 keep up with 保持; put up with 忍受; end up with 以……为结束; catch up with 赶上。该题句意:睡觉前闻闻花香,你会进入甜蜜的梦乡。故选C。
5. 动词 + over的短语有:go over复习,温习;get over越过;克服,战胜;turn over翻转;仔细考虑;移交;take over接管;come over过来;hand over移交;think over仔细考虑等。
【真题】 To get a better grade, you should the notes again before the test. (2011四川7)
A. go overB. get over
C. turn overD. take over
【解析】 该题句意为:为了取得更好的分数,在考试前你应该再次温习一下笔记。故选A。
6. 动词 + into的短语有:come into进入;得到;继承;go into进入;加入;提及;get into进入;陷入;run into陷入;注入;偶然遇见;turn into变成;fall into流入;陷入;look into朝里看;调查;throw into投身于;陷入某种状态;put into插入;翻译成,进港等。
【真题】 Ive the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. (2012江西24)
A. come intoB. gone into
C. got intoD. run into
【解析】 考查habit的常见搭配,be in / fall into / get into the habit of doing sth. 有 (养成) 做某事的习惯,明显可以看出C项正确。
三、动词不同,小品词也不同
【真题】 Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets it. (2010福建30)
A. keep up withB. do away with
C. get down toD. look forward to
【解析】 A项意为“跟上,和……保持联系”;B项意为“废除,去除”;C项意为“开始认真 (做某事)”;D项意为“渴望,盼望”。该题句意为:“我们刚刚搬进一个大一点的房子,因此有很多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。”故选C项。
【真题】 Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and as a manager.(2010天津11)
A. ended upB. dropped out
C. came backD. started off
【解析】 该题句意为:作为一名职员加入公司,他很快得到提升,最后当上了经理。ended up as作为……而结束;dropped out退出,退学;came back回来;started off动身,出发。故选A项。
【真题】 I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. (2011全国26)
A. come up withB. put up with
C. turn toD. stick to
【解析】 该题句意为:我可以容忍这房子不整洁,但如果不干净,我不喜欢。come up with提出;赶上;put up with容忍,忍受;turn to转向,求助于;stick to坚持。故选B项。
【真题】 They are broadening the bridge to the flow of traffic. (2011山东25)
A. put offB. speed up
C. turn onD. work out
【解析】 该题句意为:他们正在拓宽桥面来加快交通流量。put off推迟;speed up加快速度;turn on打开;work out锻炼;解决;实现。故选B项。
【真题】 She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. (2011天津8)
A. turned downB. dealt with
C. took afterD. came across
【解析】 该题句意为:昨天,她在百货公司购物时,偶然遇见了她的一位老朋友。turn down减少,关小,调低;deal with处理;take after照顾,与……相像;come across偶然遇见。故选D项。
【真题】 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to it. (2011浙江6)
A. make the best ofB. get away from
C. keep an eye onD. catch up with
【解析】 该题句意为:这不是我真的想上的那所学校,不过,我想我会充分利用的。make the best of充分利用;get away from离开;keep an eye on留意;catch up with赶上,追上;逮捕;处罚。故选A项。
【真题】 Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. (2012辽宁26)
A. taking apartB. giving away
C. making upD. turning off
【解析】 take apart拆开;拆卸;give away赠送,泄露;make up编造,弥补,化装;turn off关掉。根据句意可知:Rod喜欢拆卸钟表,然而,他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选A项。
【真题】 You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. (2012福建29)
A. set asideB. take up
C. put awayD. give out
【解析】 根据后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知前半句应该是建议对方要多留出时间进行运动。set aside留出,拨出;take up占据,从事;put away收拾好;give out发出,分发。根据句意只能选择A项。
【真题】 The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2012安徽28)
A. went onB. got through
C. paid offD. ended up
【解析】 该题句意为:当这位运动员最终获得奥运金牌时多年的艰苦训练得到了回报。pay off 有很多含义:1.付清某人的工资并解雇他;偿清欠款等等;2.对某人或某事进行报复;3.使人得益,有报偿;4.贿赂。故选C。
四、动词不完全同,小品词不同
【真题】 No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone you wishing they were that high. (2010安徽22)
A. getting rid ofB. getting along with
C. looking up toD. looking down upon
【解析】 get rid of摆脱;去除;get along with与……相处;进展;look up to尊敬;敬仰;look down upon看不起;轻视。故选C。
五、动词同,小品词不完全同
【真题】 Had she her promise, she would have made it to Yale University. (2010湖北29)
A. looked up toB. lived up to
C. kept up withD. come up with
【解析】 该句句意为:如果她当年履行了自己的诺言,她就会进入耶鲁大学了。look up to抬头看,尊重;live up to履行,实行;keep up with跟上,追上;come up with追赶上;想出;提出。只有B项符合题意。
(作者:吴涛,南京市第三高级中学)