反意疑问句典型错误例析

2013-04-29 00:44姜经志
中学生英语·中考指导版 2013年8期
关键词:助动词陈述句情态

姜经志

1. 他从未去过长城,是吗?

[误]He has never been to the Great Wall, hasnt he?

[正] He has never been to the Great Wall, has he?

[析] 当陈述部分含有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, hardly(几乎不)等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分须用肯定式。

2. 她父亲是你的老师,是吗?

[误] Her father is your teacher, isnt her father?

[正] Her father is your teacher, isnt he?

[析] 附加问句中的主语要用代词,如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应的代词即可,如果陈述句的主语是名词,用相应的代词指代该名词。

3.这台机器有毛病,是吗?

[误] Something is wrong with the machine, isnt there?

[正] Something is wrong with the machine, isnt it?

[析] 当陈述部分的主语是something,everything, nothing等时,疑问部分的主语用it。

4. 汤姆能单独完成这项工作,是吗?

[误] Tom can finish the work alone,

doesnt he?

[正] Tom can finish the work alone, cant he?

[析] 如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词。该句有情态动词can,所以附加疑问句中用cant。

5. 今天大家都到了,是吗?

[误] Everyone is here today, isnt it?

[正] Everyone is here today, arent they?

[析] 陈述部分的主语是someone, somebody, everyone, everybody时,疑问部分的主语常用they。

6. 瓶里有些水,是吗?

[误] There is some water in the bottle, isnt it?

[正] There is some water in the bottle,

isnt there?

[析] 当陈述部分是“There be”结构时,疑问部分用there作主语。

7. 打开窗户,好吗?

[误] Open the window, dont you?

[正] Open the window, will you?

[析] 当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问部分常will you。

8. 我不认为她是对的,不是吗?

[误] I dont think she is right, do I?

[正] I dont think she is right, is she?

[析] 当陈述部分的主句是“I (dont) think (believe / suppose)……”后接宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语代词和动词必须和从句保持一致。

9. 我迟到了,是吗?

[误] Im late, am not I?

[正] Im late, arent I?

[析] 当陈述部分以“Im…”开头时,疑问部分常用“arent you?”或“am I not?”。

10. 多么漂亮的花啊,不是吗?

[误] What beautiful flowers, dont they?

[正] What beautiful flowers, arent they?

[析] 当陈述部分是感叹句时,其疑问部分要用否定式,一般用动词“to be”的一般现在时否定式,主语视具体情况而定。

11. 我们必须按时到达那里,是吗?

[误] We have to get there on time,

havent we?

[正] We have to get there on time, dont we?

[析] 当陈述部分的谓语动词含有“have to / has to / had to”时,疑问部分常用助动词do的适当形式。

12. 她看上去不高兴,是吗?

[误] She looks unhappy, does she?

[正] She looks unhappy, doesnt she?

[析] 当陈述部分的否定词是由加否定前缀或后缀构成的,则仍视陈述部分为肯定式,疑问部分用否定式。

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