Species diversity of whiteflies(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)from Lorestan Province,Iran

Hassan GHAHARI, Shaaban ABD-RABOU, Jian HUANG

(1.Department of Plant Protection, Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt;3.College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China)

Received： 3 October 2013

Author:Hassan Ghahari,email:hghahari@yahoo.com.

伊朗Lorestan省粉虱物种多样性研究(半翅目：粉虱科)

Hassan GHAHARI1, Shaaban ABD-RABOU2, 黄 建3

(1.DepartmentofPlantProtection,ShahreReyBranch,IslamicAzadUniversity,Tehran,Iran;2.PlantProtectionResearchInstitute,AgriculturalResearchCenter,Dokki-Giza,Egypt;3.福建农林大学植物保护学院, 福建 福州 350002)

摘要: 粉虱(半翅目：粉虱科)是一类通过吸食植物体汁和传播病毒危害农作物的害虫。本文研究了伊朗西部Lorestan省的这一类具重要经济意义的粉虱类群物种多样性，调查了16属27种粉虱，进行了种类鉴定研究，包括种的异名和分布。

关键词: 半翅目; 粉虱科; 物种多样性; 寄主植物; Lorestan省; 伊朗

中图分类号: S433文献标识码: A文章编号：1001-4276-(2013)01-0128-16

1 Introduction

The Aleyrodidae comprises a single family within the Sternorrhyncha, one of three suborders of the Hemiptera, and includes 1 560 described species in 161 genera(Martin,2005;Martin and Lau,2011).Whiteflies are among the most important agricultural pests in the world. Adult and immature stages of these insects cause direct feeding damage to plants by piercing and sucking sap from foliage, thus causing weakening and wilting plants and reducing plant growth rate and yield(Mound and Halsey,1978;Berlinger,1986).In addition they commonly harm plants by extensive secretion of honeydew that contributes to the development of sooty mold on plants, which inhibits photosynthesis and reduces marketability of fruits. Whiteflies are also potential vectors of viral diseases of plants (Berlinger,1986;Gerling,1990;Byrne and Bellows,1991;Culiketal.,2003).

The Lorestan province comprises a historic territory of western Iran amidst the Zagros Mountains with an area of 28 392 km2. The terrain consists chiefly of mountains, with numerous ranges which are part of the Zagros chain, running northwest to southeast. The highest point of the province is a mountain peak at 4 050 m, and the lower parts are lying in the most southern sector of the province, approximately 500 m above sea level. The climate is generally sub-humid and continental with most precipitation falling as snow during the winter time. Temperatures vary with the seasons and vary between day and night: 12 to 32℃ during the summer and -2 to 8℃ during the winter. The aim of this research is the study of the whitefly fauna in the Lorestan province to complete the fauna of Aleyrodidae in different regions of Iran. This study reveals that 27 aleyrodid species in total from 16 genera, all of them related to the subfamily Aleyrodinae Westwood, are collected from the Lorestan province, western Iran.

2 Material and Methods

The puparia of whiteflies were collected on the leaves of their host plants from different regions of the Lorestan province. The specimens were studied using the technical and slide making procedure of Martin(1985). The identification, classification, nomenclature, synonyms and distributional data are according to Bink-Moenen(1983), Zahradnik(1991), Martinetal.(2000), Evans(2007), Martin and Mound(2007).

Acronymsusedformuseums,collectionsandtypedepositories

BHU: Humboldt-Universitat Museum, DDR 104, Berlin, Germany.

BMCol.: Bink-Moenen Collection, The Netherlands.

BMNH: British Museum of Natural History, SW7 5BD London, UK, England.

CORSTOM: Centre O.R.S.T.O.M, Noumea Department of Entomology, Noumea, New Caledonia.

EDAC: Department of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.

HAL: Haliday Collection, Dublin, Ireland.

IESP: Istituto di Entomologia F.Silvestri, Portici, Italy.

OUMNH: Oxford University Museum, Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford, England.

TARI: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan.

USNM: United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.

ZSI: Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India, Kolkata (Calcutta), India.

3 Results

Totally 27 aleyrodid species from 16 genera includingAcaudaleyrodesTakahashi,AleurocanthusQuaintance & Baker,AleurolobusQuaintance & Baker,AleurotubaTremblay & Iaccarino,AleuroviggianusIaccarino,AleyrodesLatreille,AsterobemisiaTrehan,BemisiaQuaintance & Baker,BulgarialeurodesCorbett,DialeurodesCockerell,DialeuroporaQuaintance & Baker,ParabemisiaTakahashi,PealiusQuaintance & Baker,SiphoninusSilvestri,TetraleurodesCockerell,TrialeurodesCockerell were collected and identified from Lorestan province.The list of species is given below with synonyms and distribution data.

3.1 Species accounts

FamilyAleyrodidaeWestwood1840SubfamilyAleyrodinaeWestwood1840GenusAcaudaleyrodesTakahashi1951

Acaudaleyrodesrachipora(Singh)1931

AleurotrachelusrachiporaSingh 1931: Syntypes.India: Pusa and Dholi(Bihar), Navsari(Baroda), Miani(Punjab, onCassiafistula,Euphorbiapilulifera,Bauhiniasp.,Dalbergiasissoo.

Acaudaleyrodesrachipora(Singh); Russell 1962: 64.

AleurotracheluscitriPriesner & Hosny 1934.Syntypes.Egypt: Behera, onCitrusspp.,Punicagranatumand other plants; synonymy according to Jesudasan & David 1991: 242.

Acaudaleyrodescitri(Priesner & Hosny); Russell 1962: 64.

AleurotrachelusalhagiPriesner & Hosny 1934.Syntype.Egypt, Minya, Luxor-Karnak, onAlhagisp.; Mound 1965: 119.

Materialexamined: Aligoodarz (2 052 m), 3 specimens, onPunicagranatum(Punicaceae), June 2009.Dorood (1 696 m), 2 specimens, onP.granatum, October 2009.

Distribution:Cameroon, Canary Islands, Chad, Cyprus, Egypt, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leon, South Africa, Sudan.

GenusAleurocanthusQuaintance&Baker1914

Aleurocanthusspiniferus(Quaintance)1903

AleurodesspiniferaQuaintance 1903: 63-64.Syntypes.Java: Garolt, 7.xii.1901, C.L.Marlatt, onCitrussp.andRosasp.(Lectotype designated by Martin 1999: 29), USNM.

Aleurocanthusspiniferus(Quaintance);Quaintance & Baker 1914:102;Bink-Moenen 1983: 37.

Aleurocanthusspiniferusvar.intermedia Silvestri 1927: 2.Syntypes.China: Canton, on undetermined plant, IESP; synonymy according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 22.

Aleurocanthuscitricolus(Newstead)191: 173.Syntypes.Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, iv.1902, A.Zimmerman, onCitrussp., BHU; synonymy according to Quaintance & Baker 1914: 102.

AleurocanthusrosaeSingh 1931: 70-71.Syntypes.India: Poona, Pondicherry, onRosasp., ZSI; synonymy according to Takahashi 1932: 47.

Materialexamined: Khorram-Abad (1 126 m), 2 specimens, onVitisvinifera(Vitaceae), August 2009.

Distribution:Jamaica, Greece, Iran, Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Andaman Islands, India, Malaysia, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Java, New Guinea, Sumatra, Caroline Islands, New Caledonia, Hawaii.

AleurocanthuswoglumiAshby1915

AleurocanthuswoglumiAshby 1915: 321.Syntypes.Jamaica: onCitrusspp., USNM; Martin 1988: 64.

AleurocanthusnagpurensisRainaetal.1996.

Materialexamined: Aligoodarz(2 015 m), 3 specimens, onPunicagranatum(Punicaceae), June 2009.Noor-Abad (1 747 m), 2 specimens, onP.granatum, June 2009.Borujerd (1 567 m), 6 specimens, onP.granatum, October 2009.

Distribution:Virtually worldwide.USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru Uruguay, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Bahamas, Bermuda, Egypt, England, France, Iran, Israel, Italy, Spain, USSR, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, Seychelles, Tanzania, China, Andaman Island, India, Philippines, Malaysia, Nicobar Islands, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, Hawaii.

AleurocanthuszizyphiPriesner&Hosny1934

AleurocanthuszizyphiPriesner & Hosny 1934: 4.Syntypes.Egypt: Dakhla Oasis, 20.iii.1932, onZiziphusspinachristi, EDAC; Bink-Moenen 1983: 38.

AleurocanthusaberransCohic 1968: 10-14.Syntypes.Chad: onGardeniajovis-tonantis, onCassiasiamea; Paratypes labeled: Congo: Brazzaville, CORSTOM, 17.iv.1964, on Papilionaceae, BMNH.

AleurocanthushansfordiCorbett 1935: 240-242.Syntypes.Uganda: Bukalasa, 14.x.1930, C.H.Hansford, onPauliniapinnata, BMNH; Abd-Rabou 1996

Materialexamined: Roudbar(1 665 m), 2 specimens, onRubusfruticosus(Rosaceae), June 2009.

Distribution:Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda.

GenusAleurolobusQuaintance&Baker1914

Aleurolobusmarlatti(Quaintance)1903

AleurodesmarlattiQuaintance 1903: 61.Lectotype(designated Martin 1999: 43).Japan: on orange[Citrussp.], USNM.

Aleurolobusmarlatti(Quaintance), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 109.

AleurolobusniloticusPriesner & Hosny 1934: 1.Syntypes.Egypt: onZizyphusspinachristi, USNM, Bink-Moenen 1983: 50, synonymy according to Martin 1999: 43.

AleurolobusraviseiCohic1968: 95.Syntypes (2).Congo: onHymenocardiaacida, CORSTOM, synonymized withA.niloticusby Bink-Moenen 1983: 50.

Materialexamined: Kouhestak(1 219 m), 3 specimens, onAmaranthusblitoides(Amaranthaceae), August 2009.Darreh-Asbar (1 686 m), 1 specimen, onA.albus, August 2009.

Distribution:Chad, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Java, Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan.

GenusAleurotubaTremblay&Iaccarino1978

Aleurotubajelinekii(Frauenfeld)1867

AleurodesjelinekiiFrauenfeld 1867: 799.Syntypes.Italy: onArbutusunedo.

Aleurotrachelusjelinekii(Frauenfeld), Fowler 1954: 406.

Aleyrodes(Frauenfeldiella)jelinekii(Frauenfeld), Gomez-Menor 1943: 188.

Aleyrodes(Frauenfeldiella)jelinekiiform alba, Gomez-Menor 1954: 373.

Frauenfeldiellajelinekii(Frauenfeld), Sampson & Drews 1956: 694.Aleurotubajelinekii(Frauenfeld), Tremblay & Iaccarino, 1978: 61.

Materialexamined: Alashtar(1 255 m), 2 specimens, onMyrtuscommunis(Myrtaceae), April 2009.

Distribution:Colombia, England, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, USA, USSR, former Yugoslavia.

GenusAleuroviggianusIaccarino1982

AleuroviggianushalperiniBink-Moenen1992

AleuroviggianushalperiniBink-Moenen 1992, in Bink-Moenen & Gerling 1991: 14.Holotype.Israel: Mt.Meron, ix.1976, R.Neeman, onQuercuscalliprinos, BMCol.

Materialexamined: Chaghalvandi(1 660 m), 1 specimen, onQuercusbrantii(Fagaceae), September 2009.

Distribution:Crete, Greece, Iran, Rhodes, Turkey.

GenusAleyrodesLatreille1796

AleyrodeselevatusSilvestri1934

AleyrodeselevatusSilvestri 1934: 394.Syntypes.Italy: onMercurialisannua, IESP.

Materialexamined: Borujerd(1 655 m), 2 specimens, onUrticadioica(Urticaceae), June 2009.

Distribution:France, Iran, Italy, Spain, Syria, Turkey.

Aleyrodesproletella(Linnaeus)1758

Phalaena(Tinea)proletellaLinnaeus 1758: 537.Syntypes.Europe: onBrassicasp.

AleyrodesbrassicaeWalker 1852: 1092.Syntypes.England: on cabbage[Brassicasp.], Haupt 1935: 256.

AleyrodeschelidoniiLatreille 1807, Walker 1852: 1092.

AleyrodeseuphorbiaeLow 1867: 746.Syntypes.Austria: onEuphorbiapeplus, Zahradnik 1991: 113.

CoccuspreanthisSchrank 1801: 147.

Aleyrodesprenanthis(Schrank)1801, Cockerell 1902: 281.

AleyrodesyoungiHempel 1901: 385.Syntypes.Brazil: on cabbage[Brassicasp.].

Materialexamined: Noor-Abad(1 747 m), 2 specimens, onBrassicasp.(Brassicaceae), June 2009.

Distribution:Angola, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, Canary Islands, Czech Republic, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sierra Leon, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, Virgin Islands, former Yugoslavia, USSR, Zimbabwe.

AleyrodessingularisDanzig1964

AleyrodessingularisDanzig 1964: 645.Holotype.USSR: Georgia, onEuphorbiasp., ZIN.

Materialexamined: Pol-e-Dokhtar(684 m), 3 specimens, onEuphorbiapulcherimma(Euphorbiaceae), June 2009.Aligoodarz(2 037 m), 2 specimens, onE.heteradenia, June 2009.

Distribution:Azores, Canary Islands, Iran, Jordan, USSR.

GenusAsterobemisiaTrehan1940

Asterobemisiacarpini(Koch)1857

AleurodescarpiniKoch 1857: 327.Syntypes.Germany(west): onCarpinusbetulus, BMNH.

Asterobemisiacarpini(Koch)1857, Trehan 1940: 593.

AleurodesavellanaeSignoret 1868: 385.Lectotype(designated by Zahradnik 1961: 437).France: onCorylusavellana, IESP, Mound & Halsey 1978: 105.

Aleurochitonavellanae(Signoret), Harrison 1920: 59, Zahradnik 1956: 44.

Bemisia(Neobemisia)avellanae(Signoret), Visnya 1941: 8.

AleurodesribiumDouglas 1888: 265.Lectotype, unknown host and locality, BMNH.

Bemisia(Neobemisia)ribium(Douglas), Visnya 1941: 9.

AleurodesrubicolaDouglas 1891: 200.Lectotype.England: on bramble [Rubussp.]leaves, BMNH, Trehan 1939: 266.

AleurochitonvacciniiKunow 1880: 46.Syntypes.Konisberg Prov., onVacciniumuliginosum, BMNH.

Materialexamined: Haft-Cheshmeh(1 721 m), 2 specimens, onArtemisiavulgaris(Asteraceae), September 2009.

Distribution:Austria, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Korea, Moldavia, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, USSR, former Yugoslavia.

GenusBemisiaQuaintance&Baker1914

Bemisiaafer(Priesner&Hosny)1934

DialeurodoidesaferPriesner & Hosny 1934: 6.Syntypes.Egypt, Kom Ombo, 4.vii.1931, onLawsoniaalba, USNM.

Bemisiaafer(Priesner & Hosny), Habib & Farag 1970: 8.

Bemisia(Neobemisia)afra[sic](Priesner & Hosny), Visnya 1941: 8.

BemisiacitricolaGomez-Menor 1945: 293.Syntypes.Spain, Orihuela, Alicante, onCitruslimonium,Citrusaurantium,Eucalyptussp.,Morussp.,Cynanchumacutum,Laurusnobilis.

BemisiahancockiCorbett 1936: 114.Syntypes.Uganda: 1934, G.Hancock, on cotton [Gossypiumsp.], BMNH, synonymy according to Bink-Moenen 1983: 95.

Bemisia(Neobemisia)hancockiCorbett, Visnya 1941: 8.

Materialexamined: Khorram-Abad(1 126 m), 3 specimens, onHibiscusesculentus(Malvaceae), August 2009.Borujerd(1 649 m), 2 specimens, onHibiscusesculentus(Malvaceae), October 2009.

Distribution:Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, China, Congo, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Italy, Sicily, Spain, Guinea, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Korea, Madagascar, Mulawi, New Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Sierre Leon, South Africa, Sudan, Pakistan, Uganda, Zaire.

Bemisiagiffardi(Kotinsky)1907

AleyrodesgiffardiKotinsky 1907: 94.Syntypes.USA: Hawaii, onCitrusspp., USNM.

Bemisiagiffardi(Kotinsky), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 100.

BemisiagiffardihispinaYoung 1942: 98.Syntypes.China: onCitrussp., synonymy according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 113.

AsterobemisiahelyiDumbleton 1956: 172.Holotype.Australia: onCitrussp., ADSIR, synonymy according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 113.

BemisiajasminumDavid & Subramaniam 1976: 181.Holotype.India: onJasminumsp., USNM, synonymy according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 113.

Materialexamined: Khorram-Abad(1 126 m), 2 specimens, onCitrussp.(Rutaceae), April 2009.

Distribution:Africa, Australia, China, Guam, Hawaii, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Malaysia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius)1889

AleurodestabaciGennadius 1889: 1-3.Syntypes.Greece: on tobacco[Nicotianasp.],USNM.

Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius), Takahashi 1936: 110.

BemisiaargentifoliiBellows & Perring 1994,synonymy according to De Barroetal.2005:201.

BemisiaachyranthesSingh 1931: 82.Syntypes.India: onAchyranthesaspera[synonmized withB.gossypiperdaby Corbett 1935: 783].

BemisiaargentifoliiBellows & Perring 1994.Holotype pupal case.USA: California, xii.1992, stock culture, onPhaseoluslimensis.

BemisiabahianaBondar 1928: 30.Syntypes.Brazil: onNicotianatabacum.

Bemisiacosta-limaiBondar 1928: 27.Syntypes.Brazil: onEuphorbiahirtella.

BemisiaemiliaeCorbett 1926: 273.Syntypes.Sri Lanka: onEmiliasonchifolia.

BemisiagoldingiCorbett 1935: 249.Syntypes.Nigeria: on cotton[Gossypiumsp.].

BemisiagossypiperdaMisra & Lamba 1929: 1.Syntypes.India: on many plants.

BemisiagossypiperdavarmosaicivecturaGhesquiere 1934: 30.Syntypes.Zaire: onJatrophamultifidaandManihotsp.

BemisiahibisciTakahashi 1933: 17.Syntypes.Taiwan: onHibiscusrosa-sinensis.

AleurodesinconspicuaQuaintance 1900: 28.Syntypes.USA, Florida, Barlow, onPhysalissp., USNM, Russell 1957: 122.

BemisialongispinaPriesner & Hosny 1934: 6.Syntypes.Egypt: onPsidiumguajava.

BemisialoniceraeTakahashi 1957: 16.Syntypes.Japan: onLonicerajaponica.

BemisiamanihotisFrappa 1938: 30.Syntypes.Madagascar: onManihotsp.

BemisiaminimaDanzig 1964: 638.Holotype.USSR: Caucasian Black Sea coast, onElsholtziapatrini.

BemisiaminisculaDanzig 1964: 640.Holotype.USSR: Adzharia, onCistussalvifolius.

BemisianigeriensisCorbett 1935: 250.Syntypes.Nigeria: on cassava[Manihotsp.].

BemisiarhodesiansisCorbett 1936: 22.Syntypes.Rhodesia: on tobacco[Nicotianasp.].

BemisiasignataBondar 1928: 29.Syntypes.Brazil: onNicotianaglauca.

BemisiavayssiereiFrappa 1939: 255.Syntypes.Madagascar: on tobacco[Nicotianasp.].

CortesianarestonicaeGoux 1988: Holotype.Corsica.

Materialexamined: Sefid-Dasht(1 136 m), 5 specimens, onCarthamustinctorius(Compositeae), April 2009.Darreh-Asbar(1 670 m), 3 specimens, onBougainvilleaspectabilis(Nyctaginaceae), August 2009.Aligoodarz(2 037 m), 6 specimens, onPopulusnigra(Salicaceae), June 2009.Pol-e-Dokhtar (623 m), 4 specimens, onCorchorustrilocularis(Tilliaceae), June 2009.Azna(1 875 m), 3 specimens, onTribulusterrestris(Zygophyllaceae), July 2009.Sarab-Doreh(1 169 m), 6 specimens, onProsopisfarcta(Leguminosae), July 2009.Khorram-Abad(1 126 m), 5 specimens, onPhysalisalkekengi(Solanaceae), October 2009.

Distribution:Virtually worldwide.Afghanistan, Algeria, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Brazil, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Canary Island, Caroline Islands, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Egypt, England, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Guinea, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sumatra, Syria, Tahiti, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, Yemen, Zaire, Zimbabwe.

GenusBulgarialeurodesCorbett1936

Bulgarialeurodescotesii(Maskell)1895

AleurodescotesiiMaskell 1895: 427.Syntypes.Pakistan: onRosasp., ADSIR.

Bulgarialeurodescotesii(Maskell), Russell 1960: 30.

AleurodesrosaeKiriukhin 1947: 10.Syntypes.Iran: onRosaspp., synonymy according to Russell 1960: 30.

BulgarialeurodesrosaeCorbett 1936: 18.Syntypes.Bulgaria: onRosadamascena, synonymy according to Russell 1960: 30.

Materialexamined: Roudbar(1 665 m), 4 specimens, onRosasp.(Rosaceae), June 2009.Borujerd(1 655 m), 5 specimens, onRosapersica, October 2009.

Distribution:Afganistan, Bulgaria, Iran, Pakistan, Rumania, Turkmenistan, USSR, former Yugoslavia.

GenusDialeurodesCockerell1902

Dialeurodescitri(Ashmead)1885

AleyrodescitriAshmead 1885: 704.Syntypes.USA: Florida, Jacksonville, onCitrussp., USNM.

Dialeurodescitri(Ashmead), Quaintance & Baker 1916: 469.

AleurodescitriRiley & Howard 1893: 219.Syntypes.USA: Florida, Louisanna, onCitrussp.

Aleyrodes(Dialeurodes)citriRiley & Howard, Cockerell 1902: 283.

AleurodescitrifoliiFoster 1892, Kirkaldy 1907: 49(nomen nudum).

Aleurodeseugeniaevar.aurantiiMaskell 1895: 431.Syntypes.India: onCitrusaurantium, ADSIR, Quaintance & Baker 1914: 97.

Aleyrodes(Dialeurodes)aurantii(Maskell), Cockerell 1902: 283.

Dialeurodescitrivar.hederaeTakahashi 1936: 219.Syntypes.Taiwan, onHederaformosana, TARI.

Dialeurodescitrivar.kinyanaTakahashi 1935: 43.Holotype.Taiwan: on unidentified plant.

AleyrodeskushinasiiSasaki 1908: 55.Syntypes.Japan: onGardeniasp., TARI, Takahashi 1951: 19.

DialeurodestuberculatusTakahashi 1932: 9.Syntypes.Taiwan: onMeliosmarhoifolia, TARI, Takahashi 1958: 66.

Materialexamined: Khorram-Abad(1 147 m), 9 specimens, onCitrusaurantium(Rutaceae), October 2009.

Distribution:Afganistan, Bahamas, Bermuda, China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guam, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macau, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Sicily, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA.

GenusDialeuroporaQuaintance&Baker1917

Dialeuroporadecempuncta(Quaintance&Baker)1917

Dialeurodes(Dialeuropora)decempunctaQuaintance & Baker 1917: 434.Syntypes.Sri Lanka: onCinnamomumsp., USNM.

DialeuroporadecempunctaQuaintance & Baker, Takahashi 1934: 46.

DialeurodesdothioensisDumbleton 1961: 121.Holotype.New Caledonia: on unidentified plant, CORSTOM, synonymy according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 159.

DialeurodesperseaeCorbett 1935: 749.Syntypes.Malaya: onPerseagratissimaand other plants, lost, synonymy according to Martin 1985: 326.

Dialeurodes(Dialeuropora)setigerusTakahashi 1932: 14.Syntypes.Taiwan: onMachilussp., TARI, synonymy according to Takahashi 1934: 46, Mound & Halsey 1978: 159.

Materialexamined: Alashtar(1 232 m), 2 specimens, onFicusreligiosa(Moraceae), April 2009.

Distribution:Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Cambodia, India, Iran, Malaya, Malaysia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand.

GenusParabemisiaTakahashi1952

Parabemisiamyricae(Kuwana)1927

BemisiamyricaeKuwana 1927: 249.Syntypes.Japan: onMyricarubra,Morusalba,Citrusspp.and other plants, TARI.

Parabemisiamyricae(Kuwana), Takahashi 1952: 24.

Materialexamined: Sefid-Dasht(1 048 m), 4 specimens, onFicuscarica(Moraceae), April 2009.Azna(1 893 m), 5 specimens, onFicussp., July 2009.

Distribution:China, Egypt, Hawaii, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, USA, Venezuela.

GenusPealiusQuaintance&Baker1914

Pealiusazaleae(Baker&Moles)1920

AleyrodesazaleaeBaker & Moles 1920: 81.Syntypes.Belgium: onAzaleasp., USNM.

Pealiusazaleae(Baker & Moles), Takahashi 1954: 50.

NeopealiusnilgiriensisDavid & Subramaniam 1976: 204.Holotype.India: Tamil Nadu, 3.vii.1969, B.V.David, onRhododendron(=Azalea)indica, ZSI, Martin 1999: 92.

Materialexamined: Darreh-Asbar(1 617 m), 1 specimen, onAzaleasp.(Ericaceae), August 2009.

Distribution:Australia, Belgium, England, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, USA, USSR.

Comment:This species may have originated in eastern Asia and records in Europe may reflect newly introduced populations on each occasion(Martinetal., 2000).

GenusSiphoninusSilvestri1915

Siphoninusimmaculatus(Heeger)1856

AleurodesimmaculatusHeeger 1856: 33.Syntypes.Germany onHederahelix.

Aleurochitonimmaculatus(Heeger), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

Trialeurodesimmaculatus(Heeger), Quaintance & Baker 1915: xi.

Siphoninusimmaculatus(Heeger), Trehan 1940: 601.

AleurodesimmaculatusHeeger 1856: 33.Syntypes.Germany: onHederahelix.

SiphoninusheegeriHaupt 1935: 259, synonymy according to Zahradnik 1963: 9.

Materialexamined: Borujerd(1 722 m), 3 specimens, onHederasp.(Araliaceae), September 2009.

Distribution:Austria, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Sweden, USSR.

Siphoninusphillyreae(Haliday)1835

AleurodesphillyreaeHaliday 1835: 119.Syntypes.Ireland: onPhillyrealatifolia, HAL.

Trialeurodesphillyreae(Haliday), Quaintance & Baker 1915: xi.

Siphoninusphillyreae(Haliday), Silvestri 1915: 247.

SiphoninusphillyreaeinequalisGoux 1949: 11.Syntypes.France: on pear[Pyrussp.].

SiphoninusphillyreaemulititubulatusGoux 1949: 11.Syntypes.Corsica: onOleaeuropea.

SiphoninusphillyreaemulititubulatusGoux, Mound & Halsey 1978: 192.

AleurodesdubiaHeeger 1859: 223.Syntypes, Germany onFraxinussp, Frauenfeld 1867: 796.

Aleurochitondubius(Heeger), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

SiphoninusdubiosaHaupt 1935: 259, synonymy according to Zahradnik 1963: 9.

AleurodesphylliceaeBouche 1851: 110.Syntypes.Southern Europe: onPhillyrealatifolia.

AleurodesphylliceaeBouche 1851, Frauenfeld 1867: 786.

Asterochitonphillyreae(Haliday), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

SiphoninusfinitimusSilvestri 1915: 245.Syntypes.Eritrea: onOleachrysophylla, IESP.

SiphoninusfinitimusSilvestri, Mound & Halsey 1978: 192.

SiphoninusgranatiPriesner & Hosny 1932: 1.Syntypes.Egypt: Meadi, 16.viii.1931, Priesner & Hosny, onPunicagranatum, EDAC.

SiphoninusgranatiPriesner & Hosny, Mound & Halsey 1978: 192.

TrialeurodesinaequalisGautier 1923: 339.Syntypes.France: onPyrussp., synonymy according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 192.

Materialexamined: Aligoodarz(2 088 m), 6 specimens, onFraxinusexcelsior(Oleaceae), June 2009.Khorram-Abad(1 107 m), 4 specimens, onF.excelsior, August 2009.

Distribution:Australia, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Corsica, Cyprus, England, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Java, Jordan, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, USA, USSR, former Yugoslavia, Venezuela, Zaire.

GenusTetraleurodesCockerell1902

Tetraleurodesmori(Quaintance)1899

AleurodesmoriQuaintance 1899: 1.Syntypes.USA: Florida, Tampa, on mulberry[Morussp.], USNM.

Tetraleurodesmori(Quaintance), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 108.

AleyrodesdorseyiKotinsky 1907: 52.Syntypes.USA: California, onRhamnuscrocea, USNM.

Tetraleurodesdorseyi(Kotinsky), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 108.

AleyrodeserransBemis 1904: 500.Syntypes.USA: California,onUmbellulariacalifornica,USNM.

Tetraleurodeserrans(Bemis), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 502.

AleyrodessplendensBemis 1904: 489.Syntypes.USA: California,onRhamnuscalifornica,USNM.

Tetraleurodessplendens(Bemis), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 108.

Materialexamined: Koohdasht(1 035 m), 3 specimens, onMorusnigra(Moraceae), June 2009.

Distribution:Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Iran, Jamaica, Marianas Islands, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Vietnam.

GenusTrialeurodesCockerell1902

Trialeurodeslauri(Signoret)1882

AleurodeslauriSignoret 1882: CLVIII.Syntypes.Greece: Athens(Grenadius), onLaurusnobilis.

Aleuroparadoxuslauri(Signoret), Silvestri 1934: 399.

Trialeurodeslauri(Signoret), Russell 1947: 6.

Aleyrodes(Ogivaleurodes)lauri(Signoret), Goux 1948: 31.

Ogivaleurodeslauri(Signoret), Goux 1951: 12.

Trialeurodeslauri(Signoret), Zahradnick 1963: 232.

TrialeurodesklemmiTakahashi 1940: 148.Syntypes.Yugoslavia: Rab, onLaurusnobilis, synonymy according to Russell 1947: 6.

Materialexamined: Aligoodarz(1 927 m), 2 specimens, onLaurusnobilis(Lauraceae), July 2009.

Distribution:Australia, Belgium, Cyprus, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Turkey, USSR, former Yugoslavia.

Trialeurodespackardi(Morrill)1903

AleyrodespackardiMorrill 1903: 25.Syntypes.USA: Massachusetts, onFragariasp., USNM.

Asterochitonpackardi(Morrill), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

Trialeurodespackardi(Morrill), Quaintance & Baker 1915: xi.

AleyrodescoryliBritton 1907: 337.Syntypes.USA: Connecticut, onCorylusamericana, USNM, synonymy according to Russell 1948: 60.

AleyrodesmorrilliBritton 1907: 340.Syntypes.USA: Connecticut, onImpatiensfulca, USNM, synonymy according to Russell 1948: 60.

AleyrodeswaldeniBritton 1907: 339.Syntypes.USA: Connecticut, onJuglansnigra, USNM, synonymy according to Russell 1948: 60.

Materialexamined: Chaghalvandi(1 481 m), 4 specimens, onVerbenaurticifolia(Verbenaceae), August 2009.

Distribution:Canada, Hungary, Iran, Korea, USA.

Trialeurodesricini(Misra)1924

AleyrodesriciniMisra1924: 131.Syntypes.India: onRicinuscommunis, USNM.

Trialeurodesricini(Misra), Singh 1931: 46.

TrialeurodesraraSingh 1931: 47.Syntypes.India, onBreyniasp., synonymy according to Bink-Moenen 1983: 185.

TrialeurodesdesmodiiCorbett 1935: 243.Syntypes.Sierra Leone, onDesmodiumlasiocarpum, BMNH, synonymy[withT.rara]according to Mound & Halsey 1978: 217.

TrialeurodeslubiaEl Khidir & Khalifa 1962: 47.Holotype.Sudan: onDolichoslablab, synonymy withT.raraaccording to Mound 1965: 157.

Materialexamined: Alashtar(1 192 m), 1 specimen, onRicinuscommunis(Euphorbiaceae), April 2009.Noor-Abad(1 816 m), 5 specimens, onR.communis, June 2009.Azna(1 936 m), 4 specimens, onR.communis, July 2009.Borujerd(1 521 m), 4 specimens, onR.communis, October 2009.

Distribution:Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gabon, India, Iran, Israel, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Malaya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leon, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe.

Trialeurodesvaporariorum(Westwood)1856

AleurodesvaporariorumWestwood 1856: 852.Syntypes.England: onGonolobussp.,Tecomavelutina, other plants, OUMNH.

Asterochitonvaporariorum(Westwood), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

Trialeurodesvaporariorum(Westwood), Quaintance & Baker 1915: xi.

AleyrodesglacialisBemis(misidentification in part), Bemis 1904: 518.

AsterochitonlecanioidesMaskell 1879(in part), Maskell 1879: 215.Syntypes.New Zealand: onPittosporumeugenioidesandPolypodiumbillardieri, ADSIR, synonymy according to Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

TrialeurodesmossopiCorbett 1935: 9.Syntypes.Rhodesia: onPhaseolusvulgaris, BMNH, synonymy according to Russell 1948: 44.

AleurodesnicotianaMaskell 1895: 436.Syntypes.Mexico: onNicotianatabacum, USNM, synonymy according to Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

AsterochitonpapilliferMaskell 1890: 173.Syntypes.New Zealand: onPittosporumeugenioides, ADSIR, synonymy according to Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

TrialeurodessesbaniaCorbett 1936: 19.Syntypes.Australia: onSesbaniatripeti, BMNH, synonymy according to Russell 1948: 44.

AleyrodessonchiKotinsky 1907: 97.Syntypes.USA: Hawaii, Honolulu, onSonchusoleraceus, USNM, synonymy according to Baker & Moles 1923: 645.

Asterochitonsonchi(Kotinsky), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

Trialeurodessonchi(Kotinsky), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

Materialexamined: Sefid-Dasht(11 886 m), 2 specimens, onAlthaeaofficinalis(Malvaceae), April 2009.Pol-e-Dokhtar(654 m), 4 specimens, onPhaseolusvulgaris(Fabaceae), June 2009.Aligoodarz(1 926 m), 9 specimens, onLycopersiconesculentum(Solanaceae), June 2009.Azna(1 761 m), 5 specimens, onSolanummelongena(Solanaceae), July 2009.Khorram-Abad(1 077 m), 6 specimens, onLantanacamara(Verbenaceae), August 2009.Dorood(1 733 m), 4 specimens, onPlantagomajor(Plantaginaceae), October 2009.

Distribution:Worldwide, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azores, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Hawaii, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, New Guinea, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Turkey, United Kingdom, USA, Venezuela, Zimbabwe.

Trialeurodesvariabilis(Quaintance)1900

AleurodesvariabilisQuaintance 1900: 39.Syntypes.USA: Florida, Miami, onCaricapapaya, USNM.

Aleyrodes(Trialeurodes)variabilisQuaintance, Cockerell 1902: 283.

Asterochitonvariabilis(Quaintance), Quaintance & Baker 1914: 105.

Trialeurodesvariabilis(Quaintance), Quaintance & Baker 1915: xi.

TrialeurodescaricaeCorbett 1935: 245.Syntypes.Trinidad: onCaricapapaya, synonymy according to Russell 1948: 29.

Aleurodicus(Metaleurodicus)variabilis(Quaintance), Dozier 1936: 145 (in error).

Materialexamined: Khorram-Abad(1 157 m), 2 specimens, onCitrussinensis(Rutaceae), April 2009.

Distribution:Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Giana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Iran, Jamaica, Korea, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St.Croix, Trinidad & Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands.

4 Discussion

The result of this research indicates that the fauna of Aleyrodidae in Lorestan Province is rather diverse.Of course the presence of a diverse flora, especially of pasture plants and fruit trees is the main reason for diversity of whiteflies.Since Lorestan is a large province, not its whole area was sampled, therefore it is necessary to continue the faunistic surveys in this region in the future by sampling and identifying new host plants.On the other hand, the fauna of Iranian whiteflies' natural enemies is very diverse (Abd-Rabou and Ghahari,2004,2006;Abd-Rabouetal.,2005;Ghahari and Hatami,2000;Ghahari and Ostovan,2006;Ghaharietal.,2006;Abd-Rabouetal.,2013), so faunistic surveys on the natural enemies in the Lorestan Province will enhance the knowledge of this interesting species group.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to A.K.Dubey of Taiwan,R.Bink-Moenen of the Netherlands,and F.M.Iaccarino of Italy for their valuable helps in progress of this research.We are also grateful to M.Jansen of the Netherlands for sending the necessary papers and editing the manuscript.The research was supported by Egyptian Agricultural Research Center and the Shahre Rey Islamic Azad University.

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