陈洪武
(宜阳县第一高级中学物理组,河南 宜阳 471600)
从机械能守恒的角度推导单摆简谐振动的周期
陈洪武
(宜阳县第一高级中学物理组,河南 宜阳 471600)
本文给出了利用基本的物理原理结合高等数学公式的方法推导单摆做简谐运动的周期公式,可以简明扼要地理解单摆简谐运动的过程.
单摆;简谐运动;机械能守恒;微分方程
如图1所示,当θ0<10°时,单摆做简谐振动.设其摆动时最大摆角是θ0,摆球的质量是m,摆长为l,取摆球在最低点为重力势能的零点,忽略空气阻力等因素的影响,摆球的机械能守恒.设经过时间t,从最低点向上摆过的角度是θ,则根据机械能守恒有
图1
从最低点到摆角为θ0经历时间为,对上式积分,有
可得振动周期为
已知θ0较小则
SIMPLE HARMONIC VIBRATION PERIOD OF PENDULUM IS DEDUCED FROM CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Chen Hongwu
(Group of Physics,the First High School of Yiyang County,Yiyang,Henan 471600)
In this paper,simple harmonic vibration period of pendulum is deduced from the basic physical principles combined with the advanced mathematics.The process of simple harmonic motion of pendulum can be comprehended concisely,which is meaningful to university physics teaching.
pendulum;simple harmonic motion;conservation of mechanical energy;differential equation
2011-09-09)