伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳博物馆的整修和扩建，波士顿，美国

2012-07-27 03:00建筑设计伦佐皮亚诺建筑工作室

世界建筑 2012年7期

建筑设计：伦佐·皮亚诺建筑工作室

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop

1 外景/External view（摄影/Photo: Nic Lehoux）

设计

博物馆新翼的设计结合了玻璃和自然光线，创造了一个开放且呈欢迎姿态的入口，并提供了面向历史建筑和花园的连续景观。这座建筑由4部分组成，外覆有绿锈的铜和红砖，看上去仿佛“悬浮”在透明的底层上一样。该新翼最重要的特色是一座立方体的演奏厅和一个可调节高度的特殊展廊，这是博物馆中首次以适应这些功能为目的而设计的空间。

经由一个面向埃文斯路公园的新入口，参观者可以进入博物馆，抵达被玻璃覆盖的贝肯斯坦家庭大厅。一个名为“理查德·E.起居室”的新空间，将参观者引入一个亲切的家庭式环境，画架上放有主机、书籍和触屏控制器，可以提供伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳与其藏品和独特装置，以及博物馆常驻艺术家项目的相关信息。

考尔德伍德厅，作为博物馆的新演奏厅，是新翼中最大的空间，有557m2（6 000 平方英尺），它是与日本永田音响公司的声学家丰田泰久合作完成的。围绕着中央的表演区，四面各设3层楼座，有300个座位，演奏厅保持着加德纳博物馆音乐项目特有的亲切感。

特设展廊每年将开设3个主要展览，它是一个灵活的空间，有一个可伸缩的屋顶及一面满布窗户的窗墙，可以借以眺望历史博物馆和修道院花园。增建的部分还包括温室花房、景观教室以及延展的室外花园空间；两个艺术家公寓；保护实验室；克莱尔和约翰·贝图西教育工作室，它是可以为学生和家庭提供实践机会的艺术工作坊；一个新的名为“加德纳的礼物”的商店；一个新的餐厅和咖啡馆，拥有室内及季节性室外座位。

伊拉贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳博物馆正在申请由美国绿色建筑委员会所颁发的绿色环保建筑金奖。这项可持续设计主要包括一个地热井系统、日光采集、节水景观技术以及为减少运输对环境的影响而采用的地方和地区材料。

宫殿的整修

自1990年以来，加德纳博物馆已经完成了对历史性宫殿建筑的重大整修，加固了其结构，并帮助它适应不断增加的项目数和观众量。项目包括用保温板玻璃替换庭院的天窗及安装气候调节系统。扩建工作补充了历史建筑中正在进行的保护工作，包括一个以保护敏感型艺术品并提高观赏者体验感受的10年期照明规划。

博物馆保护项目的亮点是挂毯室，在被用作临时音乐厅85年之后，它已经恢复了最初辉煌的样子。现在，博物馆内世界级的音乐会将在位于新翼的考尔德伍德厅举行，而挂毯室则恢复了以前的布置，成为一个豪华的挂毯大厅。空间的保护性处理包括默瑟砖地面的清洗、法国中世纪石壁炉的复原、艺术品和家具物件的重新选置，以复制品替换具有重要历史意义的纺织品，以及新的照明。□（李菁译）

The Design

The design of the Museum's new wing incorporates glass and natural light to create an open and welcoming entrance,as well as to provide uninterrupted views of the historic building and gardens. The building features four volumes clad in green pre-patinated copper and red brick that appear to "float" above the transpent first floor. Key features of the new wing are a cube-shaped performance hall and an adjustable height special exhibition gallery,which are the Museum's first purpose-built spaces to accommodate such functions.

Visitors enter the Museum through a new entrance facing Evans Way Park into the glassenclosed Bekenstein Family Lobby. A new space,named the Richard E. Floor Living Room, welcomes the visitor in an intimate domestic-like setting where hosts, books, and touch screen monitors on easels offer information about Isabella Stewart Gardner, the collection and its unique installation,and the Museum's Artist-in-Residence Program.

Calderwood Hall, the Museum's new performance hall, is the largest space in the new wing at 6,000 square feet, andis designed in collaboration with acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota of Nagata Acoustics.With 300 seats configured in three balcony levels surrounding the central performing area on all four sides, the hall preserves the intimate experience that has long characterized the Gardner Museum's music program.

The Special Exhibition Gallery, which will present three major exhibitions each year, is a flexible space featuring a retractable ceiling and a full wall of windows overlooking the historic Museum and the Monks Garden. The addition also houses working greenhouses, a landscape classroom and expanded outdoor garden spaces; two artist apartments; conservation labs; the Claire and John Bertucci Education Studio, which will offer hands-on art workshops for students and families;a new store, called Gift at the Gardner; and a new restaurant, Café, with indoor and seasonal outdoor seating.

The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is seeking LEED gold certification by the United States Green Building Council. Primary components of the sustainable design are a geothermal well system,daylight harvesting, water-efficient landscaping techniques, and the use of local and regional materials, which reduces the environmental impact associated with transport.

Restoration of the Palace

Since 1990, the Gardner Museum has completed significant restoration work on the historic palace building to stabilize its structure and help accommodate increased programming and attendance. Projects have included replacing the skylight over the courtyard with thermal pane glass and installing a climate-control system. Construction of the extension complements preservation work that is ongoing within the historic building, including a decade-long lighting project to protect sensitive artwork and improve the visitor experience.

A centerpiece of the Museum preservation project is the Tapestry Room, which has been restored to its original glory after being used for 85 years as a temporary concert hall. As the Museum's world-class concerts will now take place in the new wing's Calderwood Hall, the Tapestry Room has been returned to its former configuration to be experienced as a grand tapestry hall. Conservation treatment of the space included the cleaning of its Mercer-tiled floors, restoration of the French medieval stone fireplace, reinstallation of select art and furniture objects, replacement of historic textiles with reproductions, and new lighting. □

业主/Client: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

合作/Collaborator: Burt Hill（Boston）

设计团队/Design Team: E.Baglietto（Partner in charge）with M.Aloisini, I.Ceccherini V.Grassi,S.Ishida（partner）, Y.Kim, M.Liepmann, M.Neri, K.Schorn, T.Stewart, O.Teke and E.Moore; G.Langasco（CAD Operator）; F.Cappellini, A.Marazzi, F.Terranova（models）

顾问/Consultants: Buro Happold （结构和设备/Structure and Services）; Front（立面顾问/Facade Consultant）; Arup （照明/Lighting）; Nagata Acoustics （声学/Acoustics）; Stuart-Lynn Company（造价顾问/Cost consultant）; Paratus Group（项目经理/Project Manager） CBT/Childs Bertman Tseckares（图示和设计发展建筑顾问/Consulting Architect for Schematic & Design Development）