完成句子中的名词性从句

周兴旺

名词性从句是高考湖北卷完成句子题型的考查内容之一，它有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句这个四个类别。本文结合湖北省高考试题，谈谈在完成句子题型中中名词性从句的运用。

一、正确的语序和连接词的确定

1._{Whether he has been abroad or not}(他是否出过国) doesnt make much difference. (abroad)

2. With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _{what my hometown will be like}(我的家乡会是怎样) in ten years.（what）

3. _{Whatever one has planned}(任何计划好了的事) is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)

4._{What delighted the fans/What made the fans delighted}(令球迷欣喜的) was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)

5._{That we should stay clam}( 我们应该保持镇静) in face of danger matters much in case of emergency. (stay)

从以上五个例句可以看出：名词性从句的连接词应放在从句的前面，连接词后面应为陈述语序。从句的连接词大部分可以从字面上确定，如1、2、3这三个例句。但也有字面上难以确定的情况，这个时候就连接词在从句中所作的成分，如4、5两个例句中的what和that。选择what还是that的关键是看其在句中是否作相应的成分，如果不作任何成分，就用that，如例句5；如果作了主语、宾语或表语，则用what，如例句4，what就在句中作主语。

If和whether在名词性从句中不作任何成分，引导动词后面的宾语从句时一般可以通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句不能用if引导，只能用whether。例如：

1. However, scientists still wonder whether/if cloning will help or harm and where it is leading us. Whether在该句中引导宾语从句，可以用if代替。

2. It all depends on_{whether we can get their co-operation.}Whether在句中引导宾语从句，不能用if代替，因为它在介词on的后面。

3. His first question was_{whether Holmes had arrived yet.}Whether在该句中引导表语从句，不能用if代替。

4. The question_{whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.}Whether在該句中引导同位语从句，不能用if代替。

5. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on_{Whether this problem can be solved.}Whether在该句中引导主语从句，不能用if代替。

二、时态的一致性

1. I havent the slightest idea (of) _{what he is talking about}（他在说什么）.

2. The fact_{that he has failed (for) several times}(他失败了数次) makes him very upset. (he fail)

3. The news_{that the house prices will fall}(房价要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.

从这三个例句可以看出，名词性从句的时态受主句时态的制约，要和主句的时态保持一致。如：例句1的主句是一般现在时，从句是现在进行时；例句2的主句是一般现在时，从句是现在完成时；例句3的主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时。

当然，也有主句和从句时态不一致的情况，例如：

Do you know_{when the ancient Olympic Games began?}

When I was a little boy, the teacher told me_{that light travels much fast than sound.}

三、虚拟语气的正确运用

After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground_{that it (should) land}(它着陆) as scheduled the next day.

在上面的例句中，that 引导同位语从句作the command的同位语，所以用虚拟语气。在名词性从句中，虚拟语气常常用于下列的一些句式中：

1. 在It is necessary/natural/important/strange ... + that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，且should可以省略。

It is necessary that I_{(should) get the text of my revision typed this morning.}

Ah, it is natural that you_{(should) forget it first.}

2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的动词，后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。

Bobs doctor_suggeststhat he_{(should) rest}for a few days.

He_orderedthat the work_{(should) be started}at once.

3. 表示“建议，命令，要求，想法”的名词，后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。这类名词有：advice, agreement, command, decision, demand, determination, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, desire等。

He made the_suggestionthat they_{carry on}their conversation in French.

This is our only_requestthat this_{(should) be settled as}soon as possible.

同样，如果主语是表示“建议，命令，要求，想法”等意思的名词，后接that引导的表语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。

His suggestion is that we_{(should) make}improvements in our service.

Their decision is that the school_{(should) remain}closed.

练习

1. Parents always desire________________in school. (desire)

父母总是期望他们的孩子在学校表现良好。

2.________________is that he should have nothing to be afraid of/fear. (surprise）

使我們感到惊异的是他居然什么也不害怕。

3. It doesnt make much difference________________ . (attend)

他参加不参加会议没多大关系。

4.________________should be done well.（worth）

任何值得做的事情都应该做好。

5.________________is still a secret. (leave)

他们为什么离开家乡去云南仍然是个谜。

6. It is not clear yet ________________. (blame)

谁应该为这件事负责还不清楚。

7. It is absolutely necessary ________________to the outside world. (open)

打开国门，实行开放，这是绝对必要的。

答案

1. that their children behave well

2. What makes us surprised/What surprises us

3. whether he attends the meeting or not

4. Whatever is worth doing

5. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

6. who is to blame for this matter

7. that we（should） open our door