有on可以“依靠”

余可佳

许多动词与某一小品词搭配具有类似的含义，所以掌握英语短语和惯用语有一个重要的方法，那就是通过介词或副词之类的小品词理解和归纳它们。以介词on为例，它有“依靠，支撑”的意思，许多动词与on搭配都可以表达“依靠、依赖、指望”的含义。例如，新课标教材模块二第五单元有这样两个句子：

As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.

因为这些演员中有些人唱得不是很好，他们不得不依靠队里的其他人帮助。

The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.

音乐人演奏音乐的同时还彼此打趣逗乐，这些玩音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。

其中，rely on表示“依赖，支撑”，base on表示“以……为基础”。

用“动词+on”表示“依靠，支撑”的短语有：

1. bank on表示“依赖，指望”。例如：

Im banking on your help.

我还得靠你帮忙呢。

2. build on表示“依赖，指望”。例如：

I shall build on your supporting us.

我指望着你对我们的支持。

3. calculate on表示“指望”。例如：

Who can calculate on the fortitude of one whose life has been around of pleasures?

谁能指望生活里全是享受的人坚忍不拨？

4. count on表示“指望”。例如：

I think we can count on Mr White to support us.

我想我们能指望怀特先生支持我们。

5. depend on表示“依靠”。例如：

We depend on food to keep us alive.

我们依靠食物生存。

6. fall back on表示“依靠，借助于”。例如：

You can always fall back on him when you are in difficulties.

遇到困难时，你总可以依靠他的帮助。

7. figure on表示“指望，估计”。例如：

I figure on his coming and he came.

我指望他来，他真的来了。

8. lay ones hope on表示“寄希望于”。例如：

We lay our hopes on the rising generation.

我們寄希望于年轻一代。

9. lean on表示“依靠”。例如：

The old man was leaning on his staff.

老人倚着手杖。

Dont always lean on others for help.

不要老是依赖他人的帮助。

10. live on意思是“靠……生存”。例如：

They camped in the air and lived on wild plants.

他们在野地露宿，靠吃野菜生活。

11. reckon on表示“依靠，指望”。例如：

We shall reckon on your support this time.

这次我们指望得到你们的支持。

12. rely on表示“依靠”之义。例如：

We must rely on our own efforts.

我们要靠自己的努力。

You can rely on Peter to do whatever he promises.

你可以相信彼得会做他答应做的事。

Rely on it后接that从句表示“指望，依靠”，例如：

You may rely on it that he will be early.

你可以指望你早点。

13. rest on表示“信赖，依靠”。例如：

I rest on your promise.

我相信你的诺言。

Our hope rests on you.

我们的希望寄托在你的身上。

14. subsist on表示“靠……维持生命”。例如：

Squirrels subsist on nuts during the winter.

冬季里，松鼠靠坚果维持生命。

另外，下列动词短语中的on均有“依靠，支撑”的含义，也可归入此类一并掌握：

trade on对……加以利用

settle on停在，栖息在

light on (鸟)停在(树上)

lay stress on 着重

lie on 躺在……上

练习

1. — Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?

— It____________.

A. all depend B. all depends

C. is all depended D. is all depending

2. — Jane is always lying.

— So its no wonder that she has no one to____________.

A. rely on B. pick up

C. hold on D. find out

3. You may____________ that they will finish the hard job on time.

A. believe in B. rely on it

C. depend on D. live on

4. As babies, we____________ entirely____________

others for food.

A. take; on B. take; up

C. rely; on D. rely; up

5. Im planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it____________ the weather.

A. links with B. depends on

C. connects to D. decides on

6. Asia is important to America because Americas prosperity____________ trade with Asias growing economies.

A. depends to B. takes off

C. relies on D. breaks out

7. You may____________ a more practical way of solving the problem will soon come up.

A. rely on B. rely on that

C. rely that D. rely on it that

8.____________ on a true story, the film is well worth____________.

A. To base; to see B. Based; seeing

C. Basing; being seen D. Basing; seeing

9. The plant may grow to a height of several meters,____________ soil conditions.

A. relying on B. depending on

C. getting on D. carrying on

10. Tim always relies____________ his wife for advice____________ clothes.

A. on; on B. on; for

C. in; in D. on; in

答案

1~5 BABCB6~10 CDBBA