英汉旅游景点介绍文本对比与翻译

2011-10-12 09:06马国志
天津商务职业学院学报 2011年1期
关键词:旅游景点英汉景点

马国志

天津对外经济贸易职业学院,天津 300221

英汉旅游景点介绍文本对比与翻译

马国志

天津对外经济贸易职业学院,天津 300221

旅游景点文本涵盖了旅游景观的历史渊源、风格特色、景观价值等内容,目的是使游客了解景区在人文、历史和自然景观方面的知识,激发游览兴趣。英、汉民族不同的文化传统、思维方式和审美习惯形成了不同的语言特点。英语句式构架严整、表达思维缜密、行文注重逻辑性、用词强调简洁自然;汉语行文讲究四六骈体、结构整齐、用词华美、音韵和谐。在英汉旅游文本翻译过程中,译者要突出其文本功能,确保译文信息传递的准确性和完整性。因此,旅游文本译文要做到客观准确、明白易懂,并且具有可读性。

景点介绍文本;对比;翻译

一、引言

旅游景点介绍是涵盖旅游景观的历史渊源、风格特色、景观价值等内容的文字性介绍。旅游景观主要包括人文古迹、自然风景和自然人文综合景观等三类。其中人文古迹景观介绍以历史渊源和文化特色为主要内容;山水风景介绍强调优美的景色;自然人文综合景观将二者融合在一起,包括地理位置、地貌结构、历史沿革、景物特色和综合价值等。旅游景点文本是为了增加游客在人文、历史和自然景观方面的知识,增强游览的兴趣。在英汉旅游文本的翻译过程中,译者要根据目的语的句式结构和行文特点做出必要的调整,使译文符合目的语读者的认知习惯和审美要求。

二、英汉旅游景点文本对比

(一)共同之处

英汉景点介绍文本目的在于向游客客观、准确地介绍景点的历史风貌、景色特点、景观价值等内容,两种文本共同之处如下。

1.文字简洁明了。一般来说,景点介绍所用的文字简洁明了,没有很多华丽的词藻,但力求准确生动,时常运用一些专有名词或术语进行说明,专业性较强。

例1)黄山位于安徽省南部。风景名胜区面积154平方公里,是一座综合峰、石、松、云、泉等各种罕见景观的风景区,奇峰、怪石、云海、温泉被称为黄山的“四绝”,驰名天下。这里春、下、秋、冬四季风景各异,无愧“人间仙境”之美誉。

译文:The Huangshan Mountain,which is located in southern Anhui Province and covers a scenic area of 154 square kilometers,is full of miraculous scenic spots celebrated for its peaks,rocks,pines,clouds and fountains.The renowned Four Wonders of the Huangshan Mountain are the spectacular peaks,odd-shaped rocks,warm fountains and seas of cloud.It is well-known as the “fairy land on earth”for its diversity of sceneries in the four seasons.

例2)Do you wonder what it is like up at the top of Yosemite Falls,before the water spills over the brink? The Falls begins as snow in the granite reaches of Yosemite wilderness.When the snow melts each spring,Yosemite Creek transforms into a freefalling torrent.Watch the comets of spray.Hear the water roar.And from the Lower Fall Bridge,feel the shower of lifetime!

译文:你想知道在水飞溅到悬崖边缘之前,约塞米蒂瀑布顶端是什么眼的吗?最初,瀑布是位于约塞米蒂荒原上大片花岗岩中的积雪。每当春天积雪融化之时,约塞米蒂溪就变成一条汹涌奔腾的急流。观赏飞雾喷溅。聆听洪水咆哮。从瀑底大桥上感受生命之浴!

2.内容客观平实。旅游景点文本主要是客观介绍景点的历史渊源、景物特色、结构风貌等情况,一般不带强烈的感情色彩,内容客观平实。

例3)The Ancient Palace is rectangular in shape which covers 720,000 square meters in size.There are 9,999 and a half of halls,rooms and pavilions.The built-up area is about 160,000 square meters.The palace is guarded by the high peach blow walls which is about 3,400 meters in length.And with a moat of about 52 meters wide,4.1 meters deep around the palace.At each of the four corners stands a pavilion.There opens a gate in the middle of the wall on each side named the south gate,the north gate,the east gate and the west gate respectively and above each gate stands a gate pavilions.The whole Ancient Palace looks like a strongly fortified castle.

译文:紫禁城平面呈长方形,占地72万平方米,有殿宇楼阁9999间半。建筑面积约16万平方米。紫红色的宫墙长3,400米。四面正中设城门4座,上建城门楼阁,南为午门,北为神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门,城垣外环绕宽52米、深4.1米的护城河,四角各建一座角楼,犹如壁垒森严的城堡。

(二)不同之处

英、汉民族生活的地理环境、历史条件、生产方式、社会结构等状况各异,形成了不同的文化传统、思维方式和审美习惯。西方传统哲学思维具有“天人各一”,偏重理性、突出个性的特点。这种趋势反映到语言表达形式上,就出现了英语重形式、重写实、重理性的特点,形成了其句式构架严整、表达思维缜密、行文注重逻辑性、用词强调简洁自然的风格。相比之下,在主观情理与客观物象的关系上,汉民族突出通过物象表现情理、强调客观融入主观,喜欢托物寄情、遗形写神。反映在语言表达形式上,汉语行文讲究四六骈体、用字凝练含蓄、音韵和谐的传统和习惯。

1.英语用语简略VS汉语言辞华美。英语景点介绍文本大多风格简约,表达直观通俗,注重信息的准确性和语言的实用性,常常用客观的具象罗列来传达景物之美。而汉语文本则讲究四言八句,言辞华美,追求客观景物与主观情感的和谐交融之美,大量使用对偶平行结构和四字句,以求行文工整、音韵和谐。

例4)桂林的山,平地拔起,百媚千娇,像高耸云霄的奇花巨葩,盛开在锦绣江南;漓江的水,澄明清澈,晶莹碧绿,恰似翡翠玉带,逶迤在奇峰秀山之间。

译文:Guilin is surrounded by abrupt rock hills rising straight out of the ground.The hills have a myriad of forms,some graceful,others grotesque.A-mong them winds the flowing Lijiang River which holds a mirror to them.

例5)The youngest of the Rocky Mountains,the Teton Range is a spectacular sight.Enhanced by glaciers,deep canyons,snowfields,and lakes,the range shoots up suddenly,with no foothills around it.

译文:虽为落基山山脉中之最小,提顿山却气宇非凡。它拔地而起,绝壁凌空,冰川映雪地,髙峡出平湖,景色蔚为壮观。

2.英语句式严谨VS汉语语句松散。英语注重“形合”,讲究句式结构的逻辑层次和有机组合,反映出英语表达逻辑严谨、思维缜密的美学特点。而汉语注重意合,句子结构比较松散、自由,常常靠意境将篇章内容串联起来。

例 6)Crisscrossed by ferries and carpeted with yachts on weekends,Sydney Harbor is both the city playground and a major port.Its multiple sandstone headlands,dramatic cliffs,rocky islands and stunning bays and beaches make it one of the beautiful stretches of water in the world,and offer a close-up of Aussie beach culture and its best.

译文:悉尼港是悉尼市的游乐场所和主要港口,周末无数的渡船和游艇穿梭于此。它多样的砂岩岬角、引人瞩目的悬崖峭壁、多岩石的岛屿、美丽的海湾和海滩使它成为世界上最美丽的连绵海域,淋漓尽致地突显了澳大利亚的海滨文化。

例7)崂山,林木苍翠,繁花似锦,到处生机盎然。其中,更不乏古树名木。景区内,古树名木近300株,50%以上为国家一类保护植物,著名的有银杏、桧柏等。

译文:Laoshan Scenic Area is thickly covered with trees of many species,which add credit for its scenery.Among them over 300 are considered rare and precious,half of which are plants under statetop-level protection.The most famous species include ginglo and cypress.

3.英语客观具体VS汉语情感渲染。英语景点文本表达精细深刻,描绘直观可感,具有一种明快酣畅之美。汉语景点文本用词大多宽泛深远,行文华丽多彩,主观色彩浓厚,因而景物刻画不求明晰,多带模糊思维的痕迹。

例8)黄山自古云成海,流动在千峰万壑之中,浩瀚天际,壮丽非凡。峰尖浮海,犹如孤屿,时隐时现,似见非见,瞬息万变,气象万千。变幻莫测的云海与朝霞、落日相映,色彩斑斓,壮美瑰丽。

译文:The clouds float over the mountain and among its peaks and gullies like a sea in which the peaks from time to time appear and disappear,often in the twinkling of a moment,like isolated small island.The cloud sea is even more splendid at sunrise and sunset.

例9)Look into the distance and you will have a nice view of the White Swan Pond in the Pearl River and boats up and down the river with the bright moon and twinkling stars in the sky.

译文:夜晚,凭栏远望珠江上的白鹅潭,皓月当空,繁星闪闪,舟楫如梭,鹅潭美景,一览无余。

三、旅游文本翻译的常用方法

旅游景点介绍属于“信息型文本”,其目的在于向游客传递景点的历史风貌、景色特点、景观价值等内容。在翻译过程中,译者要突出其文本功能,确保译文信息传递的准确性和完整性。因此,旅游文本译文要做到客观准确、明白易懂,并且具有可读性。

(一)适当增译

在翻译时根据目的语的语义、修辞或句式的需要,译者适当增加一些词语,将原文的内涵加以引申,使译文更加清晰流畅,贴近目的语读者的欣赏习惯和阅读心理。

例10)三官殿里有一株茶花树,在寒冬腊月开出一树鲜花,璀璨如锦,因此又名“耐冬”。

译文:There is a camellia tree in the Sanguan Palace blooming fully in midwinter,so it is called Naidong,meaning it can stand bitter cold winters.

例11)Four decades the kingdom of Bhutan has nurtured its image as the world’s last Shangri-la.Nestled in the Himalayas,it is a jewel of environmental preservation.Its pristine forests,sparkling,icy peaks and rare flora and fauna have caused the World Wildlife Fund to dub Bhutan“one of the ecological wonders of the world”.

译文:几十年来,不丹王国保持着全球最后一个“世外桃源”的形象。这个被喜马拉雅山环抱的王国是环境保护的一颗明珠。它原始森林连片,中年为冰雪覆盖的山峰,在太阳光下,晶莹闪亮,珍奇动植物在这里繁衍生长。世界野生动物保护基金会把不丹誉为“世界生态保护的一个奇迹”。

(二)适当省译

中文景点介绍往往会引用诗词、古典文献加以强调渲染,使文章更富于文采,也能引起中国游客的旅游兴趣。然而,对于了解中国传统文化较少的外国游客来说,这种引用并不一定能引起共鸣。因此,在旅游景点文本英译过程中,译者要考虑到目的语读者的背景知识水平,必要时可以将古诗词、典故省去不译。

例12)正中位置是一座典型的土家吊脚楼,一架梯子搭在屋边,屋角挂着成串的玉米和辣椒。楼的左边是小桥流水,楼的右边是良田美池,一农夫正在扶犁耕田。真是好一幅“小桥流水人家”的美丽画卷。

译文:The middle of it is a typical Tujia suspended house,a ladder is against the wall of the house.Bunches of corns and hot peppers are hung on the corner of the house.There is a bridge with water running under it on the left,and fertile farmland and a pool are behind the house.A farmer is ploughing the land.What a beautiful landscape painting.

例13)湛山寺山门一对石狮子,雕凿精细。寺外建有“药师琉璃光如来宝塔”,简称“药师塔”。

译文:In front of the gate of Zhanshansi Temple stand a pair of exquisitely carved stone lions.By the side of the temple there stands the Yaoshita Pagoda(the Druggist Pagoda).

(三)结构调整

英语旅游景点文本通常信息量很大,句式结构复杂严谨。在翻译过程中,译者往往需要根据汉语意合的原则,调整原文的语句结构,化繁为简、化整为零,确保译文准确流畅,符合目的语读者的阅读习惯。

例 14)Here in New Hampshire there are many opportunities to find a peaceful spot hidden among the lush forests of tall evergreens and hare-woods or next to a rambling brook or pictorial lake.

译文:新罕布尔什州森林茂密,绿树常青,小溪蜿蜒曲折,湖边风景如画,到处都是宁静的好去处。

例15)The sky reflected in the water turned the Seine into a lovely shade of blue which trembled in the hazy sunshine filtering through leafy branches of the trees lining the river’s edge.

译文:天空映照在水面上,给塞纳河染上了一层怡人的蓝色;朦胧的阳光透过两岸枝繁叶茂的树木,照得河水碧波荡漾。

(四)适当编译

在汉语旅游景点文本英译中,译者在不损害原语信息的情况下,根据英语的行文方式和句式结构进行必要的改造和调整,使得英译文内容完整、层次清晰,符合英美读者的认知方式和阅读习惯。

例16)满树金花、芳香四溢的金桂;花白如雪、香气扑鼻的银桂;红里透黄、花朵味浓的紫砂桂;花色似银、季季有花的四季桂;竞相开放,争艳媲美。进入桂林公园,阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。

译文:The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees.Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.

例17)上海博物馆有馆藏珍贵文物12万件,包括青铜器、陶瓷器了、书法、绘画、雕塑、家具、玉牙器、竹木漆器、甲骨、玺印、钱币、少数民族工艺等21个门类,其中青铜器、陶瓷器和书画为馆藏三大特色。

译文:With bronze ware,ceramics and paintings and works of calligraphy as its distinctive collections,Shanghai Museum boasts 120,000 pieces of rare and precious cultural relics in 21 categories,including bronze ware,ceramics,calligraphy,paintings,sculpture,furniture,jade and ivory carvings,bamboo and wood carvings,lacquer ware,oracle bones,seals, coins,and handicrafts of ethnic art.

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[2]连淑能.英汉对比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993.

[3]王治奎.大学英汉翻译教程[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2000.

[4]朱微.汉英翻译教程[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2004.

[5]Halliday,Hassan Cohesion in English[M].London:Longman,1976.

责任编辑:张 旭 王春艳

Scenic Spot Texts'Comparative Analysis and Translation in English and Chinese

MA Guo-zhi
(Tianjin Institute of Foreign Economic Relation and Trade,Tianjin 300221)

Scenic spot texts include history,style,landscape value and other content and the purpose is to help visitors understand the cultural and historic and scenic landscape knowledge and stimulate their interest.For the people in England and the people in China,there are many differences in life style,geographical environment,historical conditions,production and social structure in which established the different culture and way of thinking and habits,and reflected in the respective language features.Therefore,in the translation of the scenic spot texts,the translator should ensure the translation information on the accuracy and completeness.The translation must be objective and accurate,understandable and readable.

scenic spot texts;comparative analysis;translation

H315.9

A

1008-9055(2011)01-0064-04

2010-12-30

马国志(1970— ),男,汉族,天津市人,天津对外经济贸易职业学院讲师,翻译师,中国翻译协会会员。研究方向:商务英语翻译和写作。

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