湖北省郧县谭山中学 潘喜霞
在英语学习的过程中,我们已经接触了一些比较复杂的句子。如:在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句子结构中,宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的身份、特征、状态或动作行为的。这一语言知识现象既是初中学生学习掌握的一个重点内容,也是各类检测考试的一个重要的知识点。而学生在学习中难以理解,容易出错,不能准确地把握宾语补足语的结构和意义。现结合初中英语教材中出现的语言现象,对宾语补足语的表达方式简析如下:
一、形容词作宾补,主要用来说明宾语的状态或特征。
You'd better keep the students quiet in the classroom.I can't get the pronunciation right.
常见的后接形容词作宾补的动词有:keep,find,get,make,like,leave等。
二、名词作宾补,主要用来说明宾语的身份。
The students usually call me Miss Pan.They made him their monitor.
三、动词V-ing形式作宾补,主要强调宾补所表示的动作正在进行或处于某一状态。
We saw them coming up the street just now.Tom found a purse lying on the floor.
常见的后接动词V-ing的形式作宾补的动词有:see,hear,find,watch,notice,feel,get,keep,have等。
四、动词不定式作宾补,通常用来补充说明宾语要执行的动作。
The teacher told us not to play football in the street..We often hear her sing English songs in her room.常见的动词不定式作宾补的动词有两类:一类是带to的不定式,这类动词主要有:ask,tell,like,teach,want等;另一类是不带to的不定式,这类动词主要有:make,have,let等使役动词和see,hear,feel,notice,watch等感观动词。
五、动词的过去分词作宾补,当宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语和宾补又有被动关系时,宾补要用过去分词。
常见的后接过去分词作宾补的动词有:make,have,get,keep,leave,find,hear等
Students should not be allowed to get/have their ears pierced.
They found the windows broken when they got there.
六、介词短语作宾补,主要用来补充说明宾语的方位。
He left his bags at home.Finally she found her keys in the drawer.
七、有时副词也可以作宾补,主要用来补充说明宾语的状态。
Let them out.Don't keep the bad meat in.
典型题例分析
单项选择。从每题所给的四个答案中选出一个正确答案填空。
1 、-Why are you so worried?
-I had my MP4 yesterday.(08湖北黄石)
A.steal B.stole
C.stealing D.stolen
(考查过去分词短语作宾补,宾语和宾补之间既有主谓关系,又有被动关系)
2.-What did she say?
-She said that loud music always made her to dance.(08湖北天门)
A.wants B.to want C.want D.wanted
(同第二题一样,考查不定式作宾补)
3 、-My parents always tell me others late at night.(08湖北恩施)
-They are right.It's not polite.
A.call B.not call C.to call D.not to call
(本题同样是考查不定式作宾补,tell后要用带to的不定式)
4.The girl was heard happily in her room just now(.09山东泰安)
A.sing B.to sing
C.singing D.sings
(考查动词V-ing作宾补,说明该动作在进行或处于某一状态)
5.My roommate often asks me__________her to play chess.(09山西)
A.teach B.teaching C.to teach
(考查不定式作宾补,ask后要用带to的不定式)
6.-I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics.(09湖北黄冈)
Whynot______ muisc.Itcan makeyou_______.
A.listen to;relaxing B.to listen to;to relax
[1]山西教育出版社2008《中考全攻略》[z](英语)
[2]山西教育出版社2009《中考全案》[z](英语)
C.listening to;relax D.listen to;relax
(本题既考查why not do的句型,又考查make后接不带to的不定式作宾补)
7.The global financial crisis(金融危机)has made many people_______their money.(09宿迁)
A.to care for B.took care of
C.be careful with D.to be cared about
(本题既考查相近词组的词义辨析,又考查make后接不带to的不定式作宾补)
此外,对宾语补足语的考查还可以通过词句运用、完成句子、句型转化等形式来设置题目。因此,在教学中教师要善于对一些具体的语法现象进行归纳总结,并通过典型题例进行有针对性的训练。