院士风采

张文裕1910.1.9～1992.11.5

高能物理学家。福建惠安人。1931年毕业于燕京大学。1938年获英国剑桥大学博士学位。中国科学院高能物理研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长。主要从事核物理和宇宙线等方面的实验研究并取得突出成就。验证了N.玻尔的液滴模型。发明了多丝火花计数器。40年代后期他在美国用云室进行宇宙线研究，进一步确定μ子和原子能没有强作用，并在μ子吸收的研究中确证了μ介原子的存在，从而开创了关于μ介原子的研究工作，在Λ超子与粒子散射研究、北京正负电子对撞机建造的奠基性工作、筹建高山宇宙线实验室等方面做出重要贡献。

1957年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Nuclear physicist. Born in Huian, Fujian Province. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1931.Received Ph.D. in Cambridge University,UK in 1938.Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhang was mainly engaged in the experimental research of nuclear physics and comic ray physics and made prominent achievements. He identified the N.Bohr drop model and invented the polymitus spark counter. In the late 1940s, by studying the cosmic rays with the aid of a cloud chamber in the US, he confirmed that there is no strong interaction between the muon and nucleus and verified the existence of the muonic atom in his investigation of the muon absorption, thus initiating a new research topic about the muonic atom. He made important contributions to the resea rch on λ-hyperon and particle dispersion, the basic work of constructing Beijing Electron and Positron Collider, and the estab lishment of cosmic ray laboratory on mountains.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

钱学森1911.12.11～2009.10.31

应用力学、航天技术和系统工程科学家。原籍浙江杭州，生于上海。1934年毕业于上海交通大学。1939年获美国加州理工学院航空及数学博士学位。国防科工委科技委员会高级顾问、研究员，中国科学院主席团执行主席、名誉主席，中国科协主席、名誉主席。国家杰出贡献科学奖。在应用力学、工程控制理论、系统工程等多项领域取得出色成果。在中国航天事业的创建于发展等方面作出了卓越贡献。

1957年选聘为中国科学院原属（学部委员）。

Scientist of app lied mechanics, space technology and system engineering. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934. Received Ph.D. from the Department of Aeronautics and Mathematics of California Institute of Technology, USA in 1939. Research professor and senior advisor, State Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, executive president and honorary president, Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and chairman and honorary chairman, China Association for Science and Technology.

Qian has obtained great achievements in the areas of applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace enterprises. He has been conferred the title of “National Scientist with Distinguished Accomplishment”.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

张宗燧1915.6.1～1969.6.30

物理学家。浙江杭州人。1934年毕业于清

华大学。1938年获英国剑桥大学哲学博士学位。中国科学院数学研究所研究员。主要从事理论物理特别是统计物理、量子力学、量子电动力学和量子场论等方面的研究与教学工作，培养了一批理论物理人才。30年代在合作现象特别是固体溶液的统计物理理论等方面取得多项创见性成果。30年代在量子场论形式体系得建立特别是高阶微商、高自旋粒子的量子场论等研究方面很有创建，取得多项当时国际先进水平的成果。40年代后期以来在场论得数学形式、洛伦兹群的表示、重正化理论、统计物理、色散关系、层子模型等方面作了大量研究，取得多项重要成果。

1957年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Qinghua University in 1934. Received Ph.D. in Cambridge University, UK in 1938. Research professor, Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhang was mainly engaged in the research teaching theoretical physics, especially in the aspects of statistic physics, quantum-mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, quantum field theory, etc.. In the 1930s, he made several original achievements in the cooperative phenomenon, especially in the statistic physics theory of sosoliod.

He had many original ideas and obtained research results of international advanced standard in establishing the formation of quantum field theory, particularly in the quantum field theories of high order differential and high spin particle. In the late 1940s, he did a lot of research and obtained important results in mathematical formation of field theory, representation of Lorentz group, renormalization theory, statistic physics, dispersion relation, and straton model and so on.

He became Member of the Chinese the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

郭永怀1909.4.4～1968.12.5

力学家。山东荣成人。1935年毕业于北京大学并留校攻读研究生。1945年获美国加州理工学院哲学博士学位。中国科学院力学研究所研究员、副所长。1946年与钱学森共同指出在跨声速流场中有实际意义的是来流的上临界马赫数，而不是以往被重视的下临界马赫数。这项研究结果对航空技术中突破声障碍具有重要意义。1953年前后在激波与边界层相互作用研究中互获出色成果，得出远场超声速流动与近场边界层相互作用得速度场合压力场的表达方式，并发展了奇异摄动法（即庞加莱—莱特希尔—郭永怀方法）。60年代在钝锥扰流、爆轰力学等研究方面取得重要成果。为我国核武器的研制工作做出了重要贡献。

1957年选聘为中国科学院原属（学部委员）。

Mechanics scientist. Born in Rongcheng, Shandong Province. Graduated from Peking University in 1935 and stayed on doing graduate work. Received Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology, USA In 1945. Research professor and deputy director, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1946, he and H.S. Tsien pointed out that in the transonic flow field, it is the upper critical Mach number of the coming flow other than the lower one that is significant. This finding played the decisive role in solving the technical problem of breaking through the “sonic barrier”. Around 1953, he devoted himself successfully to the study of interaction between the shock wave and boundary layer, obtained theoretical expressions for velocity and pressure in the interaction domain of supersonic flow and boundary layer, and improved the singular perturbation methods(namely, Poincare-Lightill-Kuo method). In the 1960s,he obtained significant achievements in detonation mechanics and hypersonic flow and made outstanding contributions to the development of nuclear weapons.

He became Member of the Chinese the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.