洪水中怎样自救

江苏省海安县西场初级中学 范本华

编者按：暴雨，大暴雨，特大暴雨；罕见洪水，水库垮坝，河流决堤……7月8日开始，随着长江流域新一轮强降雨过程的来临，江河湖库水位陡涨，灾情进一步扩大，一场抗洪救灾攻坚战正在江南、华南大地打响。下面我们就向大家介绍一下与暴雨洪灾和抗洪抢险相关的知识及英文词汇。

水是生命之源。可是如果暴雨不停就会形成洪水和泥石流，用另一种形式带走生命。什么是洪水，面对洪水这种自然灾难我们该怎样保护自己？带着这些问题我们一起进入今天的阅读。

About 113 million people have been affected by floods around China so far this year.It’s more serious in the south of China.The flood washed away the farmlands、villages and destroyed houses、bridges and roads.Some people even lost their lives.So it’s important for us to know what is flood and how to protect ourselves in a flood.今年到目前为止，已经大约有113,000,000人遭受洪水的影响，尤其以中国南方较严重。洪水冲走了农田、村庄，毁坏了房屋、桥梁和道路。甚至使一些人失去了他们的生命。所以对我们来说了解什么是洪水，在遭遇洪水时我们该怎样保护自己很重要。

★What is a flood?洪水是什么？

Flood is a form of natural disaster.When there is more water than the lakes,rivers,oceans,or ground can hold，it becomes a flood.洪水是自然灾难的一种。当河流、湖泊、海洋或地面有超过他们可以容纳的水时，就成了洪水。

★How to protect yourself when you face flood？当你面临洪水时怎样保护自己？

1.Pay attention to the flood warnings and prepare for it early.关注洪水警报并早作准备。

2.Flood is coming,if you have some time,you can use door,wooden bed,and so on to make water transport.洪水快要来了，如果你还有一些时间，你可以用门、木头床板等做成水上交通工具。

3.If the flood comes too fast,you are too late to transfer.You should immediately climb onto the roof,trees，walls or other high places,waiting for rescue.如果洪水来得太快，你来不及转移，你应该立即爬到屋顶、树上、墙上或其它高的地方等待营救。

4.When you are in the mountains,you must be careful not to hurt by landslides or the rolling stones.当你在山里，你必须小心不要被山崩、滚落的岩石所伤害。

5.Don’t eat food touched by floodwaters,or you can get sick.Because floodwater may contain pollutants.不要吃被洪水接触过的食物，否则你可能会生病。因为洪水里或许含有污染物。

Boys and girls,we should protect our earth to prevent natural disasters.Protect our earth is to protect our lives.

考考你：

1.What is a flood?

2.What should you do when the flood comes too fast to transfer?

3.Can we eat the food touched by floodwaters?

4.Do you have any other good ideas to protect yourself in a flood?What are they?

5.What can we do to protect our earth?

盘点：和“暴雨洪灾”相关的英文词汇

Rain and flood 暴雨洪灾

to burst their banks/breaching of the dyke决堤/溃堤

leaking dike 堤防渗漏

release flood waters 泄洪

flood-diversion zones 分洪区

check dam 淤地坝/拦沙坝

flood-prevention 防洪

spillway 泄洪道

blast the dike 炸堤

floods/floodwater/inundation 洪水

freshet 河水猛涨/涨水

water levels 水位

watercourses 河道/水道

the flood level 洪水水位

warning level 警戒水位

historic highs 历史最高点

torrential downpours/rains 暴雨/倾盆大雨

muddy 泥泞的

frequent showers 经常性的阵雨

rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨

persistent rain 持续降雨

heavy rain 大雨

rainfall 降雨

downpour 暴雨

shower 阵雨

storm/tempest/rainstorms 暴风雨

thundershower 雷阵雨

drizzle 毛毛雨

flash floods 山洪暴发

water discharge 水流量/排水

water reservoirs 水库

water volume 水量

emergency waterways 应急水道

Relief 救灾

Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief

Headquarters 国家防汛抗旱总指挥部

rainstorm warning system 暴雨警戒系统

disaster areas 受灾地区

flood-hit population 受灾人口

evacuate 疏散

direct economic loss 直接经济损失

rescue boats 救生艇

stranded residents 受困居民

temporary tents 临时帐篷

settlements 临时居住点

sandbag 沙袋

plug the breach 封堵决堤口

inundate crops 淹没农田

worst hit 最严重受灾地区

low-lying areas 低洼地区

landslides 山崩/滑坡

emergency alert level 紧急警戒级别

emergency materials 紧急援助物资

inflatable boats 充气艇

rubber boats 橡皮艇

fuel barrels 燃料桶

life vests 救生衣

warning mark 警戒标志