谈谈there be结构的非谓语形式

2009-07-02 08:35马庚华
第二课堂(课外活动版) 2009年4期
关键词:计程车家庭作业介词

马庚华

there be 结构的非谓语形式有两种,即 there being 和 there to be。它们主要用于比较正式的文体中,口语中用得较少。

一、there being 结构

there being 主要有两种用法,一是用作状语,二是用作介词宾语。

1. 用作状语

there being 结构最主要的功能是用作状语。如:

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。

There being no taxi available, he had to walk home. 由于没有计程车可搭,他只好步行回家。

这类结构有时可与状语从句转换。如:

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.=As there is no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 由于没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。

2. 用作介词宾语

there being 结构还可用作介词宾语。如:

They planned on there being another meeting. 他们打算再开一次会。

There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute. 现在还有点希望可以解决这次争端。

注意,there being 用作宾语时,不能用作动词的宾语,只能用作介词的宾语,并且这个介词不能是 for。

二、there to be 结构

there to be 也有两种主要用法,一是用作动词的宾语,二是用作介词 for 的宾语。

1. 用作动词的宾语

可接该结构作宾语的动词不多,常见的有 like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider 等。如:

I don't want there to be any misunderstanding. 我可不希望有任何误解。

Students hate there to be too much homework. 学生讨厌做太多的家庭作业。

I expect there to be a big response to our advertisement. 我预料我们的广告会有很大的反响。

注意,在 let there be 结构中,动词 be 不带 to。如:

Let there be no mistake about it. 不要误解我的意思。

2. 用作介词 for 的宾语

用作介词宾语一般用 there being,但用作介词 for 的宾语时,要用 there to be。如:

It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了,不会有公共汽车了。

They asked for there to be another meeting. 他们要求再开一次会议。

It's important for there to be a fire escape at the back of the building. 房子后面要有一个安全通道,这很重要。

(编辑 周贞雄)

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