介绍两种名词性从句

李志华

主语从句(Subject Clause)

主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等，如：

①That the old(ancient)buildings Were resciled was right．

=It was right that the old(ancient)buildings were lreScued．抢救古建筑物是正确的。

②That he was ehosen as our class leader(monitor) made us very happy．他被选为我们的班长我们非常高兴。(此句不宜转化为用it作形式主语)

③WhetIler she will come to the party or not is still a question．

=Its still a question whether she will come to the party or not．她是否来参加这个舞会还是个问题。

④who will go is not important．

=Its not important who will go．

谁去并不重要。

⑤ Which team will win the match is still unknown．

=Its still unknown which team will win the match．还不知道哪个队将获得这场比赛的胜利。

⑥When they will start has not been decided yet．

=It has not been decided yet when they will start.他们什么时候动身还没有决定。

⑦Where she has gone is not known yet．

=Its not known yet where she has gone．

还不知道她去了哪儿。

⑧How he became a great scientist is known to a11．

=Its known to all how he became a great scientist．大家都知道他是如何成为一位伟大的科学家的。

⑨What We need is more time．

我们所需要的是更多的时间。

⑩Is what you told me really true?

你告诉我的确实是真的吗?

注意：1．主语从句放在句首时，特别是that引导的主语从句放在句首时，整个句子就显得很笨重，如果主句的谓语部分含有连系动词be，一般习惯于把主语从句移到句子后面，前面用it作形式主语，但如果主句的谓语部分不含有连系动词或助动词b的则-般不能改写，如例句②。

2．引导主语从句的that不能省略。

3．引导主语从句的whether(表示“是否”时)一般不用if替换，但在引导宾语从句(Subject Clause)时whether和if可互换。

4．以what引导的主语从句一般不可以用形式主语it来改写。

同位语从句(Appositive Clause)一般跟在某些名词(如fact，idea，news，promise等)的后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词一般有连词that，连接副词how，when等。如：

(11)You have no idea how worried she was．

你不知道她当时是多么地着急。

(12) Have you heard出e news that our team has won?

你听到我们队获胜的消息了吗?

(13) The fact that he was against out plan surprised us a11．

他反对我们的方案这一情况使得我们大家大为吃惊。

(14) My mother made a promise that she would buy me a new computer if I did better in the exams．

我母亲许诺说如果我考得更好她会给我买一台新电脑。

(15)He had no idea when his wife would be back．

他不知道他的妻子什么时候回来。

注意：1．引导同位语从句的连词that一般不省略。

2．同位语从句用来说明前面的名词所表示的具体内容，即是什么；定语从句(Attributive Clause)用来特指或说明前面的先行词所表示的人或事物是哪一个，并不涉及内容，试比较：

(16)He news that our football team has won was really exciting．

我们足球队获胜的消息确实太令人兴奋了。

(that引导的从句说明了the news的具体内容，是同位语从句。)

(17) The news that the teacher told us in class was really exciting．

老师在课上告诉我们的那个消息确实太令人兴奋了。

(that引导的从句仅指的是哪一个消息，并没有说明是什么消息，因此是定语从句。)

3．引导同位语从句的连词that在从句中不作成分，而引导定语从句的关系代词that在从句中作一个成分。如例句(17)中的that作told的直接宾语。