寻找倒装标志 巧解倒装句型

王新民

一、 寻找完全倒装标志,巧记完全倒装句型

所谓完全倒装句型是指当某一特定内容出现在句首时将谓语动词直接提前放在该特定内容后面而构成的倒装句型,这种倒装句型的构成常有下列标志:

1, here,there,in,out,up,dow,away等介词、副词放在句首时应使用完全倒装句型。例如:

In came the boy.

Away flew the bird

但是使用这种完全倒装句型时应注意主语必须为名词,当主语为代词不能使用完全倒装句型。

误:Out rushed he.

正:He rushed out.

正:Out he rushed.

2,in front of,in the distance,to the east of 等地点状语放在句首时应使用完全倒装句型。例如:

In the distance stands a high building. 远处矗立着一座高楼。

To the east of the two hills lies a city.这两座山的东边有一座城市。

二、 不完全倒装标志,巧记不完全倒装句型

不完全倒装句型要求当某一特定内容出现在句首时不能将谓语动词直接提至句首,而需在该特定内容后加上助动词、情态动词或系动词。不完全倒装句型的构成常有下列标志:

1, hardly, scarely,barely,little,never,seldom 等否定副词出现在句首时应该使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

Hardly can you understand the text.你几乎不懂这篇课文。

Little does he know about the news.该消息他知之甚少。

2, not until 出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what wheat is ,直到十九世纪早期人们才知道小麦是什么东西。

Not until I began to work did I realise how much time I had wasted .直到我开始工作,我才意识到我已浪费了多少时间。

Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realise how serious the pollution was.直到河里所有的鱼都死了,村民们才意识到污染有多严重。

3, hardly… when…,no sooner… then…(一……就……)放在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off . 我一到飞机场,飞机就起飞了。

No sooner had he gone to bed than the telephone rang.他一上床,电话铃就响了。

4, so (用于肯定句),neither/nor (用于否定句)表示“也”出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

He has passed the exam;so have I.他通过了考试,我也通过了考试。

——Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother ?

——I dont know ,nor do I care.

“你知道吉姆和她的兄弟争吵吗?”

“不知道。我也不想知道。“

5.only 出现在句首修饰做状语的介词短语和副词、时间状语从句和原因状语从句时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

Only in this way can you work out this problem.(only修饰介词短语)只有用这种方法你才能解出这道试题。

Only then did I realise the importance of studying English .(only修饰副词)只有那时我才意识到学习英语的重要性。

Only when he is free ,will he come to see me .(only修饰时间状语从句)只有当他空闲时他才会来看我。

Only because he was very busy did he not go.(only修饰原因状语从句)只有因为他很忙。他才没有去。

【注意】only 修饰主语时不使用倒装句型。例如:

Only teachers can use this room.只有老师们才能使用这个房间。

6,1)not only …but also…放在句首不连接主语时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

Not only does he study English but also French.他不但学英语而且学法语。

2)not only…but also…链接两个分句时第一个分句倒装。第二个分句不倒装。例如:

Not only does he study hard but also he is easy-going.他不但学习认真,而且容易相处。

3)not only …but also…连接两个主语时不倒装。例如:

Not only he but also his parents have been to Beijing. 不但他而且他的父母也去过北京。

5, so…that…(如此……以致……,引导结果状语从句)结构中当so出现在句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。例如:

So fast did he run that I couldnt catch up with him .他跑得如此快,以至于我赶不上他。

三、 寻找特殊倒装标志,巧记特殊倒装句型

有些倒装句型的构成不是将动词提前,也不是将助动词提前(或情态动词或系动词),而是将特殊内容提前,这种特殊倒装句型常有下列标志:

1, Prefer to do A rather than do B ,宁愿做A事而不愿做B事,该句型可将rather than do B 提至句首,从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如:

Rather than ride on a crowded bus ,he prefers to ride a bicycle .他宁愿骑自行车,而不愿挤公共汽车。

2, as(尽管)引导让步状语从句时常将句末的表语、动词或副词提至句首,从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如:

Young as he is ,he knows a lot .(将表语提前)尽管他年轻,但他懂得很多。

如果表语为单数可数名词。提前时应去掉不定冠词。例如:

Child as he is ,he has been to many places.尽管他还是个小孩,但他已到过许多地方.

Much as I want to see him ,I dare not,(将副词提前)尽管我很想去看他,但是我又不敢去。

3, 在if虚拟条件从句中,如果从句的谓语动词含有were,had,could.should,可以将这四个词提至句首,将连接词if省去,从而构成特殊倒装句型。例如:

Had it been possible,would you have done it?如果有可能,你会做这件事吗?

Were I you,I wouldnt go.如果我是你,我就不去。

Should it rain tonorrow,I wont go.如果明天下雨,我不会去的。

4, belong to (属于)结构中,可将to介词短语提至句首,在进行主谓倒装,从而构成特殊倒装句型。

To all the people here belongs success,boys and girls.同学们。成功属于在座的每一个人。

四、 寻找“形倒实不倒”标志,巧记“形倒实不倒句型

有些句型形式上酷似倒装句型,而实际上不是倒装句型,不需要进行主谓倒装或其他特殊倒装,这种“形倒实不倒”的句型常有下列标志:

1, 感叹句中的what 和how两词看似特殊疑问词,易误导考生将感叹句判断为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序,实际上what 和how引导的感叹句应用陈述语序。例如:

What a long way it is from Beijing to London !从北京到伦敦的路程是多么遥远啊!

How beautiful a flower it is !多美丽的一朵花啊!

2, 带插入语的特殊疑问句仍以特殊疑问词开头,易误导考生将此种句型判定为纯特殊疑问句,从而采用倒装语序。实际上插入语后面应视为宾语从句而采用陈述语序。例如:

Where do you think he has gone?你认为他去了哪里?

When do you suppose he will arrive?你猜他什么时候到?

3, what,how,when,why引导的从句易被考生误认为特殊疑问词而采用疑问式倒装句语序,实际上所有从句应用陈述语序。例如:

No one can be sure what man will look like in a million year.(宾语从句用陈述语序)

My question is where he has gone.(表语从句用陈述语序)

4, whatever ,however引导让步状语从句时易被考生误认为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序,实际上此时whatever,however引导让步状语从句,应采用陈述语序。例如:

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.公众们通常认为一个小孩要什么就给他什么是不明智的做法。

Well have to finish the job however long it takes.无论要花多长时间,我们都要完成这项工作。

(陕西省洋县智果中学)