高中一册（上） Ｕｎｉｔｓ７—８考点搜索

1.Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape.

1)based on what you hear on the tape是过去分词短语，在句子中作定语，修饰site。

be based on意为“以……为根据”。

This novel is based on historical facts.

这部小说是以历史事实为依据的。

Direct taxation is usually based on income.

直接税通常以收入为依据。

base…on…：把……建立在……；以……为基础。

What are you basing this theory on? 你这种理论的根据是什么？

based构成复合词，意为“在……居住(工作);基地(总部)在……”。

a Chicago-based company 一家总部设在芝加哥的公司

2)what you hear on the tape你在磁带上所听到的，what引导名词从句作前面介词on的宾语。

Everyone should do what he thinks right.

每个人都应该做自己认为是正确的事。

I believed what she told me.

我相信她和我说的话。

考点对接

The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough.

A. where B. how C. what D. which

解析：C 句意：那位店主不想以他认为不够高的价格出售他的商品。本题考查名词性从句的用法。what=名词+that引导的定语从句。本句还可说成：The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for money/price that he thought was not enough/high.

2.It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in.

1)under attack意为“遭受攻击”，under表示“在……(状态)中”，“在……(情况)下”，表示所处的情况、条件或在进行的过程中。

My car is under repair now.

我的车现在正修理着。

The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.

此路在修，禁止机动车辆通行。

The woman injured in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital. 在撞车事故中受伤的那位妇女现在还在医院接受治疗。

As the matter is under discussion, I cant give you a definite answer now.

因为这件事还在讨论之中，所以现在还不能明确答复你。

2)give in意为“屈服；让步”。

King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle.

King要求黑人不要屈服，要继续战斗。

give in后接to意为“屈服于……”；“向……投降”。

Dont give in to their demands.

不要向他们的要求屈服。

They never give in to their enemy. 他们决不向敌人屈服。

相关短语：

give in 屈服，投降

give up 放弃；认输

give out 分发；发表，公布；用完，耗尽

give away送掉，分发(奖品等)；泄露(秘密)

give back 归还；返回；恢复

give off 发出(蒸气、光等)

give over 放弃，(使)停止；交，托(to)

考点对接

——Smoking is bad for your health.

——Yes, I know. But I simply cant ____.

A. give it up B. give it in

C. give it out D. give it away

解析：A give it up把它戒掉；give in屈服，让步，但不可以加it作宾语，因give in是不及物动词；give out分发，用完；give away送掉，泄露。

3.Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.

1)lay是不及物动词lie的过去式，此处意为“(物体)在某处”。现在分词是lying，过去分词lain。

lay vt. 放置，产卵→laid→laid→layinglie vi.横躺，位于→lay→lain→lying撒谎，欺骗→lied→lied→lying

The book lay open on the desk.

那本书摊开着放在桌子上。

The snow lay deep in front of the door. 门前的雪堆得很深。

2)辨析in pieces, in ruins

in pieces意为“呈碎片；破碎；落空”。

His plans are now in pieces.

现在他的计划落空了。

in ruins是一个固定短语，意为“成为废墟”“成为一片瓦砾”，也可以引申为“被毁灭”，“垮掉”的意思。

The old tower has been in ruins.

那座古塔现在已经成为一片瓦砾。

St Petersburg was almost in ruins: fires burned everywhere.

圣彼得堡几乎成了一片废墟：大火处处燃烧。

相关短语：

in prison(蹲监狱)；in danger(处于险境)；in order(井然有序)；in tears(眼泪汪汪)；in a hurry(匆忙)；in pain(在痛苦之中)；in despair(绝望)；in rags(衣衫褴褛)。

考点对接

The manager had fallen asleep where he ____, without undressing.

A. was laying

B. was lying

C. had laid

D. had lied

解析：B 句意为：经理没脱衣服，就在他躺着的地方睡着了。A正在放置；C已经放置；D已说谎。

4.Old paintings, including a portrait of Peter the Great which was found in the snow outside St Petersburg, have been carefully recreated, and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.

1)include意为“包括，包含”。后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。

The book includes twelve short stories.

这本书里有12篇短篇小说。

My job doesnt include making coffee for the boss.

我的工作并不包括为老板煮咖啡。

including作介词，后接名词、代词或名词性从句作宾语；included表示被动意义，应放在名词或代词之后。

There are seven people in the classroom, including two teachers.

包括两名教师，教室里共有7人。

All of us, Gary included, will make a trip to Guilin next week.

下周我们大家，还有Gary，都将去桂林旅行。

2)as wonderful as in the past在这个短语中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，as…as引导同级比较从句，下面学习两种结构：

(1)as+形容词/副词原级+as…

He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样迅速。

He is as strong as a bull.

他的身体像牛一样壮。

(2)as+形容词+(a)+名词+as…

Tom is as clever a boy as John.

Tom和John一样聪明。

There are as good football players as any Ive seen.

这些是我所见过的最好的足球运动员。

否定场合可用not so…as…或not as…as…。

The question is not so/as difficult as it seems. 这问题不像看起来那么难。

考点对接

He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ____ a native speaker.

A. as fluent as

B. more fluent than

C. so fluently as

D. much fluently than

解析：C 修饰动词speak应用副词fluently(流利地)，这样就排除了A和B，而D中不能用much,而应用more方为正确。

5.Some ancient sites have already been damaged by tourists andvillagers are worried that part of their history will be lost.

辨析： damage, destroy, ruin

(1)damage指部分“破坏”、“损害”、“损坏”，使某物的使用价值有所降低，可用作名词和动词。

Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 数以百计的房屋毁于这场暴雨。

The accident did a lot of damage to his car.

这次车祸使他的车受到了很大损坏。

damage作名词时，常为不可数名词，一般用形容词great, much, serious, a great deal of来修饰；表示轻微损坏，用slight。

damages意为“对损害的赔偿、损害赔偿费”。

Murphy claimed $50,000 damages from his employers for the loss of his right arm while at work.

墨菲因为在工作中丧失右臂所以向雇主们索要五万美元的赔偿费。

(2)destroy只能用作动词，意为彻底毁坏、毁灭、不能修复，还可以指计划或希望的“破灭”。

Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.

建筑被毁，油画和塑像的碎片满地都是。

(3)ruin: to damage sth. so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc；to spoil sth.,毁坏；破坏；糟蹋，它既可指使某物的价值出现问题，又有“瓦解，使成为废墟”的含义。既可作名词，又可用作动词。

He has ruined his health through drinking. 他饮酒过多，把身体搞垮了。

The scandal left his reputation in ruins. 这件丑闻使他身败名裂。

考点对接

Millions of pounds worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

A. has been caused

B. had been caused

C. will be caused

D. will have been caused

解析：A 因时间是last night，可判断句中的时态应用一般过去时为宜，而不能用将来时和过去完成时，故排除B、C和D。再看A选项，damage作为不可数名词，谓语应为单数，事件发生于昨夜，其后果现在仍存在，对现在还有影响，所以A是最佳选项。

6.So far, more than 200,000 bricks have been returned, but two million such bricks are needed for the repairs.

1)so far“迄今为止”，在句中作状语，谓语动词要用现在完成时态。

So far he has done very well at school.

迄今为止，他在学校的表现相当不错。

I have so far only seen a small part of the park.

到现在为止，我只看到了这个公园的一小部分。

2)repair用作名词时，常用复数形式。

do/carry out repairs to a damaged car

修理受损的汽车。

Repairs on the school building are made during the summer.

学校建筑物的修理在夏季进行。

以下短语中repair不用复数

in (good) repair 处于完好状态；

in bad repair年久失修；

out of repair 坏了(不能使用了)；

under repair正在修理

3)辨析：as far as和so far as

as far as“到……为止(指实际距离)”，用来表示“远”的程度；或者指“直到……程度(借喻),就……而言”。这种结构中第二个as可以是介词，后跟名词；也可以是连词，连接一个状语从句。

He walked as far as the village where I lived.

他一直走到我住的那个村庄。(后接名词)

The golden rice fields extend as far as the eyes can see. 金黄色的稻田一望无际(一直延伸到眼睛看得到的地方）。（as后接从句the eyes can see)

I will help you as far as I can.

我将尽力帮助你。

So/As far as I know, he can speak only English. 就我所知，他只会讲英语。

值得注意的是，as far as表示同级比较时，可用于肯定句及否定句中。但so far as不可用于肯定句。在“直到……程度”的借喻说法中，现多用so far as。类似的结构很多，如：as much as, as many as, as long as等。

He spends as much as $1,000 a year on books.

他每年的购书费高达1000美元。

He stayed there as long as 3 weeks.

他呆在那里的时间长达三个星期。

考点对接

——How far apart do they live?

——____ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.

A. As long as B. As far as

C. As well as D. As often as

解析：B as far as I know意为“就我所知”。

7.To make your voice heard, you can write a letter to a newspaper editor.

1)to make your voice heard是不定式作目的状语。

He was running to catch the bus.

他跑着去赶公共汽车。

To get the best results, use clean water. 为得到最佳结果，请用清水。

2)不定式也可作结果状语，通常表示一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。

He got home to find that his father was ill. 他到了家，结果发现父亲病了。

现在分词作结果状语时，表示前一个动作造成的结果。

The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。

3)make yourself heard中，heard作宾语补足语，表示被动意义。

You should have your hair cut.

你该理发了。

Im afraid I cant make myself understood. 恐怕别人听不懂我的话。

考点对接

——Can the project be finished as planned?

——Sure, ____ it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.

A. having got B. to get

C. getting D. get

解析：B 不定式作目的状语，还可用in order to get。

8.A website has been set up by the villagers to help people learn more about the cultural relics.

1)set up搭起，建造，成立。

Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten. 爱迪生在十岁时就建立了自己的化学实验室。

They set up the tent as soon as they arrived at the foot of the mountain. 他们一到山脚下就搭起了帐篷。

注意：与set搭配的短语还有set off，当“使爆发”的意思时，是一个及物性质的短语，后面跟宾语。当“出发”时，是不及物动词短语。常见的与set搭配的短语还有setout “出发；着手干”。

His speech on TV set off a wave of anger. 他在电视上的讲话引起了人们的愤怒。

The moment they got to the factory, they set out to repair the machine. 他们一到工厂，就开始维修那台机器。

2)辨析：build, found, set up, put up

这几个动词和动词词组都可以表示“建设”、“建立”，有的可以相互换用。

(1)build是最普通的词，用法最广。它的主要意思是“建造”、“建立”，对象可以是房屋、道路、船舶、飞机等具体的东西，也可以是社会制度、人际关系等抽象概念，有时还可以引申为培养、发展、增强等含义。

(2)found的意思是“成立”、“创办”。通常用于党团组织、学校、国家、政权等机构从无到有的“创立”，也可以表示某种学说或理论的创立。

(3)set up基本意思是把某物“架好”、“竖起”。表示“建立”、“创立”时，多用于机构设施。

(4)put up的基本意思是“提升”“举起”、“张贴”、“架起”、“搭起”。

Last year we built good relation with our neighbours.

去年我们与邻居们建立了良好的关系。

Her family founded the college in 1895. 她的家族于1895年创办了这所学院。

They put up/set up their tent at the foot of the mountain.

他们在山脚下搭起帐篷。

Put up your hands before asking questions.

提问时先举手。

Sports build up our bodies.

运动增强体质。

考点对接

Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ____ some schools for poor children.

A. set up

B. setting up

C. have set up

D. having set up

解析：B devote sth. to后接动名词作宾语。实际上，all he had作devote的宾语，其中he had是一个定语从句。句意为：利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。

9.Id rather watch it than play it.

would rather意为“宁愿，宁可”。后面常接动词原形。

He would rather stay at home.

他宁愿呆在家里。

I would rather not tell him the truth.

我宁愿不对他讲实情。

would rather后还可以接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词通常用过去式表示现在或将来的愿望。

Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.

我宁愿你明天早上到机场接她。

would rather do sth. than do sth.意为“宁愿……而不愿……”。

The hero would rather die than give in. 那位英雄宁死不屈。

Id rather stay at home than go out on Sundays. 星期天我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。

考点对接

To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long on the train ____ travel by air.

A. as B. to

C. than D. while

解析：C 考查短语would rather do sth. than do sth.意为“宁愿……而不愿……”。

10.Women were not allowed to take part in the games.

1)allow意为“允许”。其后常接动词不定式复合结构作宾语，即allow sb. to do sth.

Please allow me to introduce my friend Jim.

请允许我介绍我的朋友吉姆。

She doesnt allow her child to swim in the river.

她不让自己的孩子到河里去游泳。

allow后可接动词的-ing形式作宾语，即allow doing sth.,表示泛指的一般情况。

We dont allow smoking in our house. 在我们家里不允许吸烟。

2)辨析：join, take part in, attend, join in, join somebody in something

(1)join“参加”，指加入党派，社会团体等并成为其中一员。

He joined the Party in 1980. 他是1980年入党的。

(2)join in表示“参加某种活动”，in可以为介词，也可以为副词。in作介词时，此短语可用join来代替。

Eight million people joined(in) the battle against drought. 800万人参加了抗旱斗争。

(3)join somebody in something/doing something表示“和某人一块做某事”。

All the family joined me in wishing you a happy future.

全家人和我一道祝你将来幸福。

(4)take part in指“参加群众性的活动，会议”等，多用于正式场合，比较郑重。

We all take an active part in extracurricular activities.

我们都积极参加课外活动。

(5)attend意思是“参加”，着重指“到场，出席(会议，典礼，仪式等)”。

She is sure to attend the wedding.

她一定会去参加婚礼。

考点对接

In our childhood, we were often ____ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.

A. demanded B. reminded

C. allowed D. hoped

解析：B 此题考查的是动词辨析。此句意为:在儿时，祖母经常提醒我们注意用餐礼节。A.(强烈)要求、需求；B.提醒；C.允许；D.希望。根据句意，选B。

11.In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries.

1) 句中ranking third of all the competing countries为结果状语；其中competing为countries的定语，相当于all the countries that competed。

She ranked first of all the competing speakers in the English speaking competition.

英语演讲比赛中，她在所有参赛者中排名第一。

2)rank[r?覸?耷k]vi.分等级；排名

He ranked second on the list last month. 上个月他名列第二位。

rank用作及物动词时，意为“把……列队；把……分等级”；用作名词时，意为“排；社会阶层”。

The troops were perfectly ranked.

部队排得整整齐齐。

My boss ranked my achievement very highly. 老板对我的成就评价颇高。

3)compete v.竞争；比得上；比赛

compete in(a game, a match)参加

compete with/against sb.和某人竞争

compete for(a prize, a medal, the first place)角逐

Will you compete in the race? 你会参加赛跑吗？

There is no book that can compete with this. 没有一本书抵得上这本。

competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛

competitor n.竞争者，竞争对手

考点对接

Suddenly a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing

D. seized; disappearing

解析：D 句意：忽然一个驾驶金色马车之人抓住了这个姑娘把她带走，消失在树林里。driving a golden carriage是现在分词短语作定语，修饰a tall man, seized是动词的过去式作谓语，disappearing是现在分词作结果状语。

12.Each question is worth one point.

worth是形容词，意思是“值，相当于……的价值”，用作表语。be worth+名词/代词/数词/动名词(主动式表示被动含义)。

The book is worth three dollars.

这本书值三美元。

How much/What is it worth?

这值多少钱？

The problem is worth discussing.

这个问题值得讨论。

(1)worth虽然为形容词，但只能用作表语，不能用作定语。

(2)be worth后跟动名词时，该动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。

(3)如果要表示“非常值得……”，要用well修饰。

(4)It is/was worth(ones) while doing something/to do something. 值得做……。在这个句型中必须用it作形式主语。

The book is well worth reading.

这本书非常值得读。

It is worth(our) while discussing/to discuss the question again. 这个问题值得(我们)再讨论一下。

be worthy也是“值得……”，但be worthy后接名词/代词/动名词的被动语态或动词不定式的被动语态。

The problem is worthy of discussion.

The problem is worthy of being discussed.

The problem is worthy to be discussed. 这个问题值得讨论一下。

考点对接

——What do you think of the book?

——Oh, excellent. Its worth ____ a second time.

A. to read

B. to be read

C. reading

D. being read

解析：C be worth doing表示“(某事)值得做……”，用主动表被动，答句意思为“非常好，值得再读一遍”。

13.Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.

every four years意为“每4年”。这个结构也是“every+基数词+时间/距离单位词复数”，表示“每多少时间/距离”。

His mother came to see him every five days. 他妈妈每5天来看他一次。

There is a tree every ten metres.

每10米就有一棵树。

我们还可以用“every+序数词+时间/距离单位词单数”，表示“每多少时间/距离”。

every fifth day 每5天

every third hour 每3小时

注意：汉语两种不同表达方式：每四年=每隔三年(every four years/every fourth year)。

“每隔一天”有多种表达方式：every second day/every two days/every other day;every few days/hours/metres意为“每隔几……”。

every few thousand metres

每隔几千米

考点对接

When Xiao Ming was ill in hospital, his classmates went to see him ____.

A. every a few days

B. everyday

C. every two days

D. every the second day

解析：C A项多了一个a；B为前置定语形容词，时间状语“每天”应为every day；D中多一个the。

14.Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.

1)more than后接名词，形容词，副词，动词，动名词和分词等，意思是“不仅仅，不只是，岂止，非常”。

He is more than our teacher. He is also our friend. 他不仅仅是我们的老师，他也是我们的朋友。

She speaks English more than fluently. 她的英语何止是流利，简直相当的地道。

They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐意帮助。

more than后接数字，意思是“超过，多于”。

More than 70 percent of our planet is covered with water. 我们这个星球的百分之七十以上的表面被水覆盖着。

more(…)than与其说……不如说……。(翻译成汉语时要从后往前翻译)

She is more lazy than unintelligent. 与其说她智力差，倒不如说她太懒。(注意不能用lazier)

The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book. 这本书像一本词典而不大像是一本语法书。

考点对接

Bamboo is used for ____ building. It can also be used to make beds, vases, chairs and so on.

A. more than B. no more than

C. not more than D. no more

解析：A more than不仅仅；B. no more than=only；C. not more than=at most至多；D. no more不再。