祈使句揭密

2008-06-30 09:34刘雪梅
中学英语之友·上 2008年5期
关键词:句首原形B型

刘雪梅

祈使句主要用来表示请求或命令,还可以表达说话人的语气、意愿或建议等。它的主语通常是第二人称(you),即听话人,一般情况下省去。谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,句子读降调。如:

Speak a little more slowly. (表请求)说得稍微慢一点。

Go out at once! (表命令)立刻出去!

Drink some water and have a good rest!(表建议)喝点水,好好休息!

有时,为了明确是向谁发出指令、邀请等,可在句首或句尾加上称呼语或主语,否定结构中you应放在dont之后。如:

Come in, everybody! 大家都进来!

Take care not to catch a cold, dear. 亲爱的,当心别着凉了。

You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!

Dont you be late again. 你可别再迟到了。

一、肯定祈使句有三种类型:V型、B型与L型

1. V型:以动词原形开头,其句型为:V(行为动词原形)+(宾语)+其他。如:

Sit down, please. 请坐。

Give it some water, please. 请给它点水。

2. B型:以系动词be开头,其句型为:Be(系动词原形)+表语(名词、形容词)+其他。如:

Be quiet, boys and girls!大家安静!

Be careful next time! 下次细心点!

3. L型:以let开头的祈使句,其句型为:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他。如:

Let him go with you. 让他和你一道去吧。

Lets play an English game. 我们来做个英语游戏吧!

二、祈使句的否定式有两种类型:

1. 句首直接加dont。例如:

Dont worry! 别着急!

Dont do it like that! 不要那样做!

Dont be late for school next time! 下次上学别迟到!

Dont let him go. 不要让他走。

2. L型否定式也可用“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他”这种形式。如:

Lets not wait for him. 我们别等他了。

有时,我们在动词前面加never来构成祈使句的否定结构,语气比do not (Dont) 更强烈。例如:

Never play with fire!不要玩火!

Never play football in the street!绝不能在街道上踢足球!

[加油站]No型祈使句:它是一种特殊的祈使句,常由“No+名词/动词-ing”形式构成。这种祈使句多为警示语,常用于公共场所,警示或提示人们不要做某事。如:

No Photos!禁止拍照!

No Parking Here!此处不准停车!

三、祈使句的省略形式:

有时,祈使句可采用省略形式,即根据上下文省略动词或动词词组。如:

(Come) This way, please. 请这边走。

(Bring me) A cup of tea, please. 请给我来杯茶。

(Speak/Walk/Run/…) Slowly, please. 请(说/走/跑……)慢点。

四、祈使句的强调式:

有时,为了表示强调,可以在肯定祈使句谓语动词前加do。如:

Do come and help me. 务必来帮我。

Do be careful. 务必小心。

[演练场]

完成下列单项选择题。

1. We can see a sign with the words “____!” in the doctors waiting room.

A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking

2. ____ and play football after supper!

A. Lets not to go B. Lets not go

C. Lets dont go D. Lets not going

3. David, ____ the window, please!

A. isnt closing B. not close C. doesnt close D. dont close

4. Dont ____ the queue at the bus stop!

A. jump B. jumping C. to jump D. jumped

5. Lets ____ to school by bike!

A. not go B. not to go C. dont go D. not going

6. Lucy, ____ your bedroom, please!

A. cleans B. is cleaning C. clean D. will clean

7. Please ____. They are having a meeting now.

A. not be so noisy B. be quiet

C. mustnt talk D. no speaking

8. Please ____ sing in the classroom.

A. not B. not to C. dont D. no

9. Lets ____ our homework.

A. doing B. do C. to do D. does

10. ____ the news to anyone.

A. Never tell B. Not tell C. No tell D. Not to tell

Key(3)

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