Ｕｎｉｔｓ２０—２２相似词语辨、练、析

杨开成

1. close, closely

a. She listened ____ while Tom was reading a newspaper.

b. Come ____. I want to tell you something.

c. I am following the matter ____.

d. You hold a mirror ____ in front of your mouth.

e. This problem is ____ connected with that one.

答案及解析：a. closely b. close c. closely d. close e. closely。两者都可用作副词，但词义和用法有时不同。close表示“(位置上)靠近”，表示具体的概念；closely意为“仔细地，密切地”，常表达抽象的概念；close多用来修饰介词短语，而closely则多用来修饰动词和过去分词。

2. certain, some

a. I must have read that in ____ magazine.

b. Just now a ____ Mr Li came to see you.

c. ____ person at the door is asking to see you.

d. People who smoke cannot travel in ____ parts of the train.

答案及解析：a. some b. certain c. Some d. certain。certain意为“某个，某些，某种”，常指尚不明确具体情况或无须明确的某人或某事。certain用作定语，修饰单数可数名词时，前面要用不定冠词。some意为“某一，某某”，表示说话者未知的或不想特别加以说明的人、物、地点等，用在单数可数名词的前面。

3. laughter, laugh

a. His story raised a ____ in the whole class.

b. I heard sound of ____ in the next room.

c. Then she touched me lightly on the arm and made me burst into____.

d. We told many funny stories, and enjoyed as many hearty ____ over them.

答案及解析：a. laugh b. laughter c. laughter d. laughs。两者都可用作名词，laugh是可数名词，而laughter是抽象名词，不可数。

4. be famous for, be famous as

a. Napoleon ____ a great soldier.

b. The area ____ its green tea.

c. Einstein ____ his Theory of Relativity.

d. The area ____ a greet tea producing place.

答案及解析：a. was famous as b. is famous for c. was famous for d. is famous as。be famous for意为“因……而闻名”，for后面的介词宾语通常是主语本身所固有的东西；be famous as意为“作为……而著称”，as后的介词宾语通常与主语是同位语关系。

5. make fun of, make use of, make up for, make sense of

a. Can you ____ what he says?

b. Its wrong ____ others.

c. Well do all we can ____ the economic losses.

d. We must ____ full ____ time.

答案及解析：a. make sense of b. to make fun of c. to make up for d. make…use of。make fun of 表示“取笑；嘲笑；和……开玩笑”；make useof表示“利用”；make up for表示“弥补”；make sense of表示“理解”。

6. appreciate, enjoy

a. I ____ the meal very much.

b. It is really pleasant ____ that comedy.

c. The pet very much ____ being treated that way.

d. They all went ____ the cherry blossoms.

答案及解析：a. enjoy b. to appreciate c. appreciated d. to enjoy。这两个词都有“欣赏，喜欢”的意思。appreciate指由于较高的修养而对事物有深入的理解能力，并能鉴赏。enjoy仅指感官或智力上的乐趣和满足。后跟动词作宾语时，这两词都用动名词而不用不定式。

7. aloud, loud, loudly

a. Suddenly, the bell on the wall rang ____.

b. She has a good pronunciation when she reads ____.

c. Speak ____, or nobody can hear you.

答案及解析：a. loudly b. aloud c. louder。aloud往往与read, think连用，表示真的把话说出来而不只是在脑子里默默地“说”。只有修饰cry, shout时，才表示“大声”的意思。loud和loudly都意为“响亮地，大声地”，有时可互换，但比较级用louder，常与speak, talk, laugh, say, shout等连用，loud要置于动词之后，loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”的意思。

8. try doing sth., try to do sth., manage to do sth.

a. We ____ to get what he wanted.

b. Youd better ____ doing the experiment in another way.

c. Father ____ to explain it to me but I just couldnt understand.

d. By helping each other, they ____ to overcome the difficulties.

e. He ____ to do the operation with very little help, but didnt

succeed.

答案及解析：a. managed b. try c. tried d. managed e. tried。try doingsth.意为“(用某一办法)试着去做某事”；try to do sth.表示“尽力去做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思；manage to do sth.表示设法做成了某事，经过努力达到了目的。

9. emotion, feeling

a. He had lost all ____ in the left leg.

b. At the very first sight of that door he experienced a peculiar

____.

c. He was chocked with ____.

d. By a masterful effort she controlled her ____.

e. Love, hatred, joy, fear and grief are ____.

答案及解析：a. feeling b. emotion c. emotion d. feelings (emotion) e. emotions。emotion意为“情绪、感情”，常指由于喜、怒、哀、乐等而使感情变化的强烈心情，多指精神上的反应。feeling指人生理上受到刺激产生的某种感觉，如痛苦、饥饿等。此外还可引申为“同情”。feeling泛指“感情”时，要用复数形式，有时也与emotion混用。

10. tear down, tear up, tear off, tear at

a. He ____ the wrapping of the parcel.

b. Yuan Shikai openly ____ the constitution.

c. The angry workers ____ the notice from the notice board.

d. Youd better ____ the wall ____; it is dangerous here.

e. He ____ his clothes and jumped into the water to save the boy.

答案及解析：a. tore at b. tore up c. tore down d. tear…down e. tore off。tear down表示“弄倒；拆除；拆毁；扯下”，如代词作宾语，必须放在tear和down之间；tear up意为“撕毁”，如代词作宾语，必须放在tear和up之间；tear off意为“急速脱掉，一把扯掉”；tear at意为“用力撕开”。

11. crazy, mad

a. He found a young and beautiful girl obviously ____.

b. Be careful of the ____ dog.

c. It was ____ of you to go skating on such thin ice.

d. He was ____ with drink.

答案及解析：a. mad b. mad c. crazy d. crazy。mad意为“狂，疯狂，狂热”，指人完全失去理智而不能自制的疯子般的状态。有时也指人的愚蠢。crazy意为“发狂，狂热”，程度要比mad要轻，指正常人以奇想、忧虑或恐惧等激烈情绪而造成的近乎疯狂的状态。

12. certain, sure

a. I am ____ of his success.

b. It is ____ to rain.

c. He is ____ to come.

d. Im not quite ____ how to do it.

e. Im not ____ whether to go to the party.

f. Im ____ that he will come.

g. It is ____ that your team will win.

h. ——Are you going? ——____.

答案及解析：a. sure/certain b. sure/certain c. sure/certain d. sure/ certain e. sure/certain f. sure/certain g. certain h. Sure。两个词都有“相信，一定，肯定”的意思。相同点：可用于be sure/certain of， be sure/certain to do sth.，be sure/certain+疑问词或whether+不定式(用人作主语)和be sure/ certain后接从句。不同点：certain可用于It is certain that…结构，而sure不能；sure可作副词，相当于certainly。

13. separate, divide

a. A year ____ into four seasons.

b. He went over and ____ the two boys who were fighting.

c. The Suez Canal ____ Africa from Asia.

d. You can ____ this between (among) you.

e. The two islands ____ by the Irish Sea.

f. They chatted together till midnight and then ____.

答案及解析：a. is divided b. separated c. separates d. divide e. are separated f. separated。动词separate和divide都有“分开”的意思。separate侧重把原来连在一起或靠近的人或物分开，使之隔一段距离。separate与from连用时，意为“把……和……分隔开来”，separate还可作“分手，离开”解。divide侧重于把一个整体分成若干部分，其后常有介词into, among, between等与之搭配。

14. chance, opportunity

a. What a wonderful ____!

b. They had no ____ to escape.

c. I never miss a ____ of playing football.

d. ____ plays an important part in many card games.

e. The ____ are ten to one that we will win.

f. I take this ____ of thanking you.

g. Dont take ____!

答案及解析：a. opportunity b. chance/opportunity c. chance/opportunity d. Chance e. chances f. opportunity g. chances。chance指侥幸的或偶然的机会，或无法解释的“天意”或“命运”所安排的时机，意为“运气，机会”。opportunity指符合人们意向或目的的一般机会，或指某一特定时机，有利于做某一件事以实现某种抱负与愿望，意为“良机，机会”。二者常可交换使用。表示偶然性，强调“命运”的安排时，用chance比opportunity更好。chance还可表示“可能性”，opportunity则不能。另外，take this opportunity是“趁此机会”的意思；take a chance是“冒险，投机”的意思，不可混淆。

15. dark, darkness

a. It was the goats eyes that he had seen in the ____.

b. The ____ came early.

c. ____ was falling fast.

d. I could see nothing because of the ____.

e. Some girls are afraid of the ____.

答案及解析：a. darkness b. dark c. Darkness d. darkness e. dark。dark作名词时与darkness没有绝对区别。dark常与the连用。dark指经常情况，darkness指一时情况，但in the dark也常指一时的情况。在一些短语中，只能用dark。如：after/before dark天黑以后/前，at dark在傍晚，be(keep, leave sb.)in the dark (about sth.)被(使某人)蒙在鼓里，不告诉别人。