Ｕｎｉｔｓ８—１０词汇积累

赵　博

Unit 8

1.personal

解读 (1)形容词，主要有以下意思：

①个人的，私人的

PC is short for personal computer. PC是私人电脑的缩写。

Its not moral to read the personal letter without permission.

未经允许拆阅个人信件不道德。

②身体的，容貌的

Kids love his personal appearance. 小孩喜欢他的风度。

Personal hygiene is just as important as public.

个人卫生与公共卫生一样重要。

(2)personally是其副词，意思是“亲自地，就个人而言”。例如：

Personally I agree with you. 就我个人来说，我赞同你。

She showed us personally around her university.

她亲自带我们参观她的大学。

比较 注意下列词形变化：

person(人)→personal(个人的)→personage(要人，名流)→personality(人格，人性)→personally(亲自地)

应用 用personal的适当形式完成下列句子。

①Do you know that ____ at the gate?

②Uncle Joe met us ____ at the airport yesterday.

③That department sells goods for ____ use.

④——Whats his ____?

——Hes easygoing.

解答 ①person ②personally ③personal ④personality

2.company

解读 名词，主要有以下意思：

①朋友，同伴

I have company tonight. 今晚我有客人。

Can you judge one by the company he keeps?

你能从一个人所结交的朋友来判断他的为人吗？

②交往，陪伴

Im glad of your company. 很高兴有你作陪。

Twos company, threes none. (谚)两人成伴，三人不欢。

③公司，商号(常略作Co)

He works in Hongta Tobacco Co. Ltd. 他在红塔烟草有限公司上班。

Mr Smith has three companies. 史密斯先生有三家公司。

注意 company作①和②意思时，是不可数名词，作③意思时，是可数名词。例如：

Ill receive a great deal of company today. 今天我要接待很多客人。

Many famous companies are located in development areas.

很多有名的公司都座落在开发区。

3.give away

解读 (1)动词短语，意思是“分配，分送”。例如：

I got a box of chocolates yesterday and I gave them away to my friends. 昨天我得到了一盒巧克力，我把它分给了我的朋友。

Now lets invite our president to give away the prizes.

下面有请我们的校长颁奖。

延伸 在西方婚礼上，新娘(bride)常由其父亲交给(give away)新郎(bridegroom)。例如：

At the wedding, she was given away by his father.

婚礼上，父亲将她交给了新郎。

(2)含give的常见短语还有：

①give up放弃，停止

My father gave up smoking. 我爸爸戒烟了。

English is so hard; I want to give it up. 英语太难了，我想放弃它。

②give out分发，发出(气味、光、热等)

The sun give out light and heat. 太阳发光发热。

Ask someone to give out the leaflets. 叫一个人把传单散发下去。

③give back归还

Did you give back the knife to him? 你把小刀还给他了吗？

④give in屈服，让步

He will never give in. 他决不让步。

Shes given in to my opinion. 她已(放弃自己的主张)接受我的意见。

应用 选择填空。

①Liu Hulan would rather die than give ____.

A. up B. away C. in D. out

②Its an animal that can give ____ a strange smell.

A. out B. away C. up D. back

③You must ____ back the book to the library on time.

A. return B. give C. get D. some

④She was badly tired on the third lap, so she gave ____.

A. in B. up C. away D. back

解答

①C would rather die than give in宁死不屈

②A give out a smell 发出臭味

③B give back=return归还

④B give up放弃，(中途)停止

4.instead

解读 (1)副词，意思是“代替，顶替”。

Shes ill. Let me go instead. 她病了，让我去吧。

He didnt answer his fathers question, instead he asked him why.

他没回答父亲的提问，相反他问他为什么。

(2)常用搭配instead of。例如：

Father bought me a T-shirt instead of a waist.

爸爸没给我买背心而买了一件T恤衫。

My little brother is always playing after school instead of doing his homework. 放学之后，我弟弟老是玩而不做自己的功课。

比较 instead of与in place of都是“代替”的意思，但前者指“用甲而不用乙”，除“代替”意思外，还有对乙作否定的意味，所以可以译为“不”；后者是指“以甲代乙”。例如：

In making this pizza, we use olives instead of onions.

做这个比萨饼，我们用橄榄，不用洋葱。

In making this pizza, we use olives in place of onions.

做这个比萨饼，我们用橄榄替代了洋葱。(原来是用洋葱的)

应用 指出下列句子中的错误，并在后面横线上改正。

①Mr Zhang is ill, so Ill instead his class. ( )____

A BCD

②Erik is going to water flowers instead Emily. ( )____

A BCD

③Taking exercise makes you look younger instead of look older.

A B CD

( )____

④In warm weather Old Henry often reads under a tree instead in the

ABCD

library. ( )____

解答

①C→take 没有谓语，instead副词，不能独立作谓语。

②D→instead of 只有介词后才能接宾语。

③D→older instead of可以接形容词。

④D→instead of instead of可以接介词短语。

Unit 9

5.neither

解读 (1)neither意思是“(两者中)没有一个”，它有三种词性：

①代词

They gave me two books, but neither was funny.

他们给了我两本书，可没有一本有趣。

Sorry, I know neither of the twins. 对不起，我不认识那双胞胎。

②形容词

Neither answer is right. 两个答案没有一个正确。

Neither his parents like classic music. 他的父母都不喜欢古典音乐。

③(与nor组成neither…nor)连词

Neither you nor I am new here. 你我都不是新来的。

I like neither pop music nor soap operas.

我既不爱流行音乐，也不喜欢肥皂剧。

警示 ①neither本身就是否定词，因此一般不再与not连用。例如：

She didnt enjoy neither movie. 应改为：She enjoyed neither movie. (两部电影她都不喜欢。）

neither只能用于表示“两者”关系。

②与neither相关也表示“两者关系”的词还有both， either,表示“三者或以上关系”的词有all, no, none和any等。它们的意义与用法见下表；

例如：

Both my parents work as doctors in Childrens Hospital.

我爸妈都是儿童医院的医生。

When it snows in winter, the fields are all white.

冬天下雪时，大地都变白了。

None of us in Grade Eight failed the math exam.

数学考试，我们八年级学生没有一个人不及格。

There are many trees on either side of the street.

大街两旁都种有很多树。

Many visitors came to our school, but I didnt know any (of them).

很多人来我们学校参观，可我一个也不认识。

应用 选择填空。

①Neither you nor he ____ seen the movie.

A. have B. has C. havent D. hasnt

②On ____ sides of the river are all kinds of flowers.

A. all B. any C. both D. either

③Hi, mum and dad, Ive some good news for ____.

A. you both B. you all C. both you D. all you

④____ Ill have to do ____ to wait!

A. Any, are B. Either, is C. Both, are D. All, is

⑤——Which would you like to drink, tea or coffee?

——____, just some purified water(纯净水).

A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither

⑥——Did you get all the answers right, Claudia?

——Sorry, I got ____ right.

A. none B. all C. no D. any

解答

①B “neither…nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词与它最邻近的一个主语一致。

②C “河的两边”，sides是复数形式。

③A 表示“两者关系”。you both中的both作you的同位语，它也说成both of you。

④D all指代“一件事情”，即Ill have to do,所以看作单数形式。

⑤D 表示“两者关系”的否定。

⑥A 表示“三者或三者以上的关系”的否定，并且作宾语，所以用代词none。no是形容词。

6.more than

解读 more than的用法可分为两类：

①作副词，相当于over或above，意思是“多于，超过”，表示程度或数量。例如：

Ive got more than twenty snow globes so far.

截至目前，我已经有二十多个雪花玻璃球。

More than one student said so. 不止一个学生这么说。

警示 more than one后要接单数名词，作主语，看作单数形式。例如：

Theres more than one American to visit our school.

不止一个美国人要来我们学校参观。

其反义词为less than(不足，少于)。例如：

I think your father is less than fifty. 我想你爸爸不到五十岁。

②写成more…than…形式，表示比较或转折(常译为“与其说是……不如说是……”)。例如：

In the reading-room there are more desks than chairs.

阅览室里的桌子多，椅子少。

After a weeks military education, we all feel more energetic than before. 经过一周的军训，我们个个都感到比以前有精神。

She is more a musician than a singer.

与其说她是一名歌手，倒不如说她是一位音乐家。

其反义词是less…than…或fewer…than…。例如：

The man in the front seat is less important than the one in the back seat. 坐在前排的那个人没有坐在后排的那个人重要。

You can see fewer people watch a volleyball match than watch a football match. 你会看到观看排球比赛的人不如观看足球比赛的人多。

应用 选择填空。

①In 2004 Athens Olympics, China has won ____ than thirty gold medals.

A. less B. more C. fewer D. better

②More than one ____ left behind.

A. player is B. player are C. players is D. players are

③Here theres ____ noise and ____ people.

A. more, fewer B. fewer, more C. less, fewer D. fewer, less

④Now she looks ____ than she was before.

A. more healthy B. much more healthy

C. much healthier D. much healthy

解答

①B more than“多于，超过”，事实上中国在2004年雅典奥运会上夺得32块金牌。

②A more than one后接单数名词，并看作单数形式。

③C noise是不可数名词，连词and表示前后意思无转折关系。

④C healthy的比较级形式是healthier。

7.way

解读 名词，有以下几种意思：

①路，路途

Can you ask the way in English? 你会用英语问路吗？

I caught a heavy rain on my way back home.

在回家的路上，我撞上了一场大雨。

Your pronunciation is a long way from being perfect.

你的发音还远远不够完美。

②方法，方式

The best way to learn English is to speak it as often as possible.

学英语的最好方法就是尽可能地多说。

In what way can I help you, Carlos?

卡罗斯，我怎样才能帮上你的忙呢？

③距离，路程

Its a long way from here. 那地方离这儿挺远。

Marco Polo travelled a long way to our country.

马可•波罗经过漫长的行程来到我国。

④方向，方面

This way, please!请这边走！

Its a good plan in some ways. 在某些方面，这是一个好计划。

⑤其他固定搭配与说法

by the way顺便说(问)一下

make ones way to… 朝……走去

Where there is a will, there is a way. (谚)有志者，事竟成。

比较 ①way表示广泛的“路，道路”，或比喻意义“方式”等。

②street表示城市中的“街道，马路”，两旁一般有房子。

③avenue在英国指两旁有树的道路、美国指宽广繁华的大街。

④road一般指乡间的道路，两侧没有房子。例如：

The street is quite busy, so our car can only move on very slowly.

大街很繁忙，我们的车只得慢慢走。

Go through Sixth Avenue, then cross a bridge.

穿过第六大街，然后过桥。

We came to a place where the road forked. 我们来到一个岔路口。

应用 指出下列句子的错误，并改正在后面的横线上。

①“I dont know either,” answered Carmella by a careless way.

A B CD

( )____

②I think they must be on their road to No. 1 Middle School.

ABC D

( )____

③Its not politeto get in ones road.( )____

A B C D

④She thought hard, then found an idea out. ( )____

A BCD

解答

①C→inin a careless way漫不经心的样子。

②C→wayon ones way to在某人去……的路上。

③D→wayget in ones way挡住某人的去路。

④C→a wayfind a way out找到办法。

Unit 10

8.look through

解读 动词短语，主要有以下意思：

①透过……看，看穿

Looking through the window, you can see groups of kids playing games. 透过窗户看去，你可以看到成群的孩子在做游戏。

You cant fool me. I look through your trick.

你哄不了我，我识破了你的计谋。

②浏览，温习

Im looking through Changjiang Daily for relaxation.

我在浏览《长江日报》来消遣。

Look through what youve learned before you go to sleep.

睡觉前温习一下你所学的东西。

③仔细查阅

Mr Jones looked through a lot of newspapers and magazines.

琼斯先生查阅过许多报纸和杂志。

The boss looked through her CV line by line.

老板一行一行地查阅她的简历。

拓展 look可以组成以下短语：

look around(四处看) look after(照看) look in(顺便拜访)

look for(寻找) look out(向外看，当心) look up(往上看，查找)

look on(看待) look over(检查) look to the left(往左看)

look into ones eyes(盯着某人的眼睛)

应用 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

①The man ____(环视四周) but found nothing.

②Lets ____(温习) Units 1—10 for the coming exam.

③All of us ____(把……看作) her as our friend.

④If you dont know a new word, ____(查找) in a dictionary.

⑤“Please ____(照看) yourself,” Mum said to me.

⑥____(两边都看看) before you cross the road.

解答

①looked around/round ②look through ③look on ④look it up ⑤look after ⑥Look both sides

9.alone

解读 alone有两种词性：

①副词，意思是“独自，单独”。例如：

Women in the US are afraid to go out alone at night.

美国妇女在晚上害怕独自一人外出。

We did the work all alone. 这活完全是我们自己干的。

alone有时作定语，放在被修饰词之后，意思是“只有，仅仅”。例如：

This year alone, weve planted over 10 million trees.

仅仅在今年，我们就已经植了1000万棵树。

Money alone cannot make you happy. 光有钱并不能使你幸福。

②形容词，只能作表语，意思是“单独，独自一个”。例如：

We were alone in the forest. 在这森林里，就我们这几个。

He is not alone in thinking so. 像这样想的不止他一人。

比较 only也表示“只有，仅仅”的意思，但它与alone的位置不同。例如：

Only he didnt know that.

He alone didnt know that. 只有他一个人不知道那件事。

有时候，only与alone在具体语言中有细微差别。例如：

They alone sell pants for girls. 只有他们卖女孩穿的长裤。(没有别人卖)

They only sell pants for girls. 他们只卖女孩穿的长裤。(不卖别的东西)

应用 用only或alone填空完成下列句子。

①Marie plays sports ____ in the morning.

②Dare you go ____ through the forest, Jenny?

③Now soccer is popular not ____ in Europe but also in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania.

④He had no friends or relatives(亲戚) there; he was ____.

⑤In 2003 ____, about 12 million books on pets were sold out.

⑥____ his father knew where he had gone.

解答

①only 修饰时间状语，only in the morning只有早上。

②alone 修饰动词，go alone through独自一人穿过。

③only not only…but also…不仅……而且……

④alone 作表语，意思是“孤身一人”。

⑤alone 后置修饰词，意思是“仅仅”。

⑥Only 前置修饰词，意思是“只有”。

10.least

解读 (1)形容词little的最高级，意思是“最小的，最少的”。例如：

They did the most work in the least time.

他们在最少的时间内干了最多的活。

Henry is Mr Howes least one. 亨利是豪先生最小的孩子。

(2)least组成的常见搭配有：

①at least至少

Id like you all to read the passage at least twice.

我想要你们都把这一段至少读两遍。

It took her at least two weeks to make the survey.

至少花了她两周的时间搞这个调查。

②in the least 一点，丝毫

——Are you afraid of a snake? 你怕蛇吗？

——Not in the least.一点都不怕。

拓展 least可以与多音节形容词或副词连用构成最高级。例如：

This one is the least important. 这个是最不重要的。

应用 选择填空。

①In those days, children did the hardest work but were paid ____.

A. much B. little C. more D. least

②——Dont you think they'll soon finish homework?

——Yes, ____ they've finished most of it.

A. at last B. at least C. at first D. at once

③——I think music is more exciting than art.

——I dont agree with you; I think music is ____ exciting than art.

A. more B. least C. less D. most

解答

①D 全句意思是“在旧社会，童工做最苦的活，挣的钱最少”。

②B at least至少

③C 由语气转折可推断。