初探定语从句

刘晓静

中考英语对定语从句的考查主要是考查关系词的选用，所以我们首先要弄清关系词的分类：

关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose

关系副词：where，when，why

要想弄清定语从句中关系词的选用，就必须依照下列步骤对其进行分析判断：

第一步：找出先行词和关系词。例如：

Tom told his father all that had happened.

其中that had happened是定语从句，all是先行词，that是关系代词。

The room where he lives is a large one.

其中where he lives是定语从句，The room是先行词，where是关系副词。

第二步：确定关系词在定语从句中充当的成分。

1) 作主语——关系代词——先行词指人——who/that

先行词指物——which/that 例如：

I know the girl who/that has long hair.

This is the dog that/which you lost yesterday.

2) 作宾语——关系代词——先行词指人——who/whom/that

先行词指物——which/that 例如：

I dont know the man who/that/whom my father is talking to.

I like the music that/which I can dance to.

3) 作定语——关系代词whose。 例如：

Do you know the girl whose hair is curly？

4) 作时间状语——关系副词when (= in/at/on which)。 例如：

Do you remember the year when/in which I was born.

I will never forget the day when/on which the old man died.

5) 作地点状语——关系副词where(in/on/at which)。 例如：

This is the factory where/in which he works.

The park where/in which he likes taking a walk was built in 1678.

6) 作原因状语——先行词通常是reason——关系副词why (= for which)。 例如：

This is the reason why/for which I was late.

第三步：在下列场合只能用that引导定语从句。

1) 先行词是all ，little，much，none，everything等代词时。例如：

All that glitters is not gold.

2) 先行词前面有the only，the very，the last，序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：

The girl is the only person that came here on time.

3) 两个先行词中既有人又有物时。例如：

Do you remember the people and the stories that he talked about yesterday？

4) 主句是以which引起的特殊疑问句时。例如：

Which is the book that you want to borrow？