王 丹
中考英语试题常涉及到形容词的用法。现结合实例,将使用形容词时容易出错的地方加以归纳,希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。
错误之一: V-ing 形容词和V-ed形容词的混用
1. 你听到这个激动人心的消息没有?
误: Have you heard of the excited news?
正: Have you heard of the exciting news?
2. 我对这个故事感到吃惊。
误: I am surprising at the story.
正: I am surprised at the story.
析: V-ing形容词意为“令人……的”,指事物对人的影响; V-ed形容词意为“(人)感到……的”,指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用于“sb + be + V-ed形容词 + 介词”结构中。例1中形容词所修饰的是news。 news不能自己感到“激动(excited)”,却可以“令人激动(exciting)”; 例2中的主语是人,所以应将surprising改为surprised。
[知识归纳] 初中阶段学到的类似形容词还有interesting/interested,pleasing/pleased,frightening/frightened,moving/moved,tiring/tired,boring/bored,amazing/amazed等。
错误之二:两个比较对象不能相比
3. 上海的人口比北京的人口多。
误: The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
正: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
4. 昆明的天气比沈阳的好。
误: The weather in Kunming is nicer than Shenyang.
正: The weather in Kunming is nicer than that of Shenyang.
析: 例3中,上海的人口不能和北京这个城市相比。例4中,昆明的天气只能和沈阳的天气相比,不能和沈阳这个城市相比。所以than后面应加上替代词that,才能进行比较。
错误之三:同一范围内比较对象相互重复
5. 他比班里其他同学来得都早。
误: He comes earlier than any student in our class.
正: He comes earlier than any other student in our class.
6. 中国比非洲任何国家都大。
误: China is bigger than any other country in Africa.
正: China is bigger than any country in Africa.
析: 在同一范围内进行比较时,比较的双方应该界限分明,不能包括自身在内。例5中应在any后加other,目的就是要把“He”排除在外。但在不同范围内对人或同一性质的事物进行比较时,则不用other。 例6中,由于中国属于亚洲,而被比较者却是另一范围内的国家,因此必须去掉any后面的other。
错误之四:形容词修饰不定代词时的位置错误
7. 今天的报纸你最好别看,因为上面没有什么特别的东西。
误: Youd better not read todays newspaper because there is special nothing in it.
正: Youd better not read todays newspaper because there is nothing special in it.
8. 约翰,请到这儿来。我有重要的事情告诉你。
误: John,come here. I have important something to tell you.
正: John,come here. I have something important to tell you.
析: 形容词修饰something,everything,anything和nothing不定代词等时,应位于其后,即作后置定语。故例7中的special nothing应改为nothing special; 例8中的important something应改为something important。
错误之五:形容词最高级前定冠词the的误用
9. 他是我们最好的老师。
误: He is our the best teacher.
正: He is our best teacher.
析: 形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格作定语修饰时,最高级前面可以不加the。
错误之六:作表语用的形容词误作定语
10. 他是个孤独的人。
误: He is an alone man.
正: He is alone.
析: 一般情况下形容词既可以作定语,又能作表语和宾语补足语,但是以“a-”开头的形容词在句中只能作表语。
[知识归纳] 有类似用法的形容词还有:alike,afraid,alive,awake,asleep等。
练一练:
1. You may be____ if you have a____ problem.
A. exciting; excitedB. excited; exciting
C. worrying; worriedD. worried; worrying
2. —You look____ today,Julia!
—Yeah,Ive got an MP3. Its a birthday present from my parents.
A. sad B. worried C. happy D. tried
3. Marys____ brother is a doctor. He is kind to every patient.
A. the eldest B. old C. eldest D. the elder
4. —Where would you like to go on vacation?
—Id love to go____ .
A. somewhere relaxingB. anywhere relaxed
C. somewhere relaxedD. anywhere relaxing
5. —What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?
—Im not sure. But Ill buy her____ .
A. special anythingB. anything special
C. special somethingD. something special
6. —Are you afraid of____ at home,Linda?
—No,Ive grown up.
A. alone B. being alone
C. lonely D. being lonely
7. —Johns dog died last week. That made him very____ .
—Poor boy! He love it very much.
A. sad B. pleased C. easy D. interesting
8. Shanghai is bigger than____ in Australia.
A. any city B. any cities
C. any other city D. any other cities
9. The man looked at me with a____ smile.
A. friend B. friends C. friendly D. friendlily
10. The boy was so attracted by the computer games that he forgot____ .
A. nothing elseB. anything else
C. something elseD. everything else
Key: 1-5 DCCAD 6-10 BAACB