使用被动语态应注意的几个问题

2024-10-30 00:00高岳
语数外学习·初中版 2024年8期

被动语态是英语中常见的语法现象之一,也是中考英语一个考查热点。对此,笔者归纳了使用被动语态时的几个注意事项,以期同学们能够准确把握。

一、注意被动语态中的“时态”

被动语态有时态变化,因此,在使用被动语态时,同学们要注意谓语动词的“时态”。不同时态的被动语态结构如下所示:

一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done。

例如:

The book is written from children’s point

of view.

这本书是从儿童的角度写的。

一 般 过 去 时 的 被 动 语 态 :was/were +done。例如:

The house was built in 1980.

这所房子修建于1980年。

一般将来时的被动语态:will+be+done。

例如:

She will be sent abroad to study further.

她将被派往国外深造。

过去将来时的被动语态:would+be+done。例如:

He told me the radio would be mended in two days.

他告诉我收音机两天后就会修好。

现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+be-ing+done。例如:

The window is being cleaned in the class-room by children.

孩子们正在教室里擦窗户。

过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+be-ing+done。例如:

A new novel were being written by him at

this time last year.

去年的这个时候,他正在写一部新的小说。

现在完成时的被动语态:have/has +been+done。例如:

My bike has been repaired by my father.

我的自行车已经被我父亲修好了。

过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+done。例如:

All the tickets had been sold out before the

film began.

电影放映前,所有的票已经售完。

二、注意被动语态的使用“场合”

(1)当动作的执行者未知或不需要言明时,常使用被动语态。例如:

The vase was broken last night.

花瓶昨晚被打碎了。(谁打碎的未知)

Thousands of trees must be planted every year in China.

在中国,每年都得栽种成千上万棵树。(谁种的不需要言明)

(2)当需要强调动作的承受者时,常使用被动语态。例如:

The letter was sent by express.

这信是用快递寄的。(强调“信”被送)

The Great Wall was rebuilt many times.

长城被重建了多次。(强调“长城”被重建)

(3)当动作的发出者是物而非人时,常使用被动语态。例如:

The crops were washed away by the flood.

庄稼被洪水冲走了。

三、注意被动语态中“to”的还原

在主动语态中,当有 have,let,make,feel,

hear,listen to,see,watch,notice等使役动词或感官动词时,其后的不定式需要省略不定式符号“to”。但是,在被动语态中,若出现这些动词,要注意把不定式符号“to”还原。例如:

①He made me write the new words three times.

→I was made to write the new words three times by him.

他让我把这些生词抄写三遍。

② We often hear her sing English songs in the room.

→She is often heard to sing English songs

in the room by us.

我们经常听到她在房间里唱英文歌。

总之,在学习被动语态时,同学们要注意被动语态的使用场合,把握被动语态的时态变化,留心其他注意事项,才能够不用错。

【跟踪训练】

(1)Sand turns to glass when it by lightning.

A.hits B.is hit

C.is hitting D.will be hit

(2)—Have you heard of the UN Chinese

Language Day?

—Of course. Chinese by more and

more people around the world nowadays.

A.spoken B.is spoken

C.speaks D.was spoken

(3)It’s a long time!I can’t remember

when this picture in Jinshan Park.

A.is taken B.was taken

C.takes D.took

【答案】(1)B;(2)B;(3)B