新目标英语七年级(下)重点、考点归纳总结(上)

2024-10-09 00:00:00屈培华
中学生英语·阅读与写作 2024年7期
关键词:原形状语主语

There be结构

there be 意为“某处有某物”。如:

There is a park in front of our school. 我们学校前有个公园。

there be 结构表示“某地存在某物或某人”。它的基本句式为:there be +主语(名词)+地点状语,其中there 是引导词,本身无词义,也不发生变化,而真正的主语是后面的名词,相当于:主语(名词)+ be + 地点状语。如:

There is a restaurant next to the park. 紧挨着公园有个饭店。

there be 结构的一般疑问句只需把be 动词提前,回答时根据主语变化用Yes,there is/ are. 或No, there isn’t/ aren’t. 如:

—Are there any teachers in the office? 办公室里有老师吗?

—No, there aren’t. 不,没有。

由there 引导的这种结构,动词be (is, are)放在主语之前,需与其在单复数方面保持一致,主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,若为复数时用are。当there be 结构中有两个或两个以上主语时,谓语动词be 应与邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。如:

There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一个女孩和两个男孩。

There is some bread and eggs on the table. 桌上有一些面包和几个鸡蛋。

一般过去时

句式结构

(1)be 动词过去时的句式:

否定句是在was/ were 后面加not;一般疑问句是把was/ were 提前放到句首。

(2)实义动词过去时的句式:

①肯定式:主语+动词过去式+其他

②否定式:主语+ did not (didn’t) +动词原形+其他

③一般疑问式:Did +主语+动词原形+其他?

④特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+ did +主语+动词原形+其他?

活动环境

(1)主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,句中通常有表示过去的时间状语;

(2)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,此时常与often, always 等表示频度的时间状语连用;

(3)叙述逝者的情况;

(4)如果有些情况发生的时间不是很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的,也应用一般过去时。

时间状语

(1)yesterday 及其构成的短语,如:

yesterday morning 昨天早上

(2)由“last +时间名词”构成的短语,如:

last week 上周

(3)由“介词+表示过去的时间名词”构成的短语,如:

in 1990 1990 年

(4)由“一段时间+ ago”构成的短语,如:

a year ago 一年之前

(5)其他一些表示过去时间的短语,如:

just now 刚才

祈使句

祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。主语you 通常省略,并且谓语动词用原形。句尾用感叹号或句号,读的时候用降调。

(1)肯定句式结构:

be 动词+其他成分。如:

Be a good boy! 做个好孩子!

Let +人(或者人称代词的宾格) +动词原形。如:

Let me have a look. 让我看一看。

其他动词类。如:

Stand up, please! 请起立!

(2)否定句式结构:

祈使句的否定句式结构通常是在肯定结构前加Don’t。如:

Don’t ask me when I’m busy! 别在我忙的时候问我!

(3)特殊用法:

即“无动词祈使句”,常常用于一些表示禁止的标语牌上。如:

No parking! 禁止停车!

No smoking! 禁止吸烟!

No swimming! 禁止游泳!

(4)加强语气的祈使句:Do +动词原形。如:

Do write to me soon! 一定要快点给我写信呀!

Do be careful! 一定要小心点!

Do study hard! 一定要努力学习呀!

现在进行时

现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生或进行的动作或者存在的状态。由“系动词be(am, is, are)+动词的现在分词(v-ing)”构成。其中am, is, are 在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。

句式结构:

肯定式:主语+ am/ is/ are + v-ing

否定式:主语+ am/ is/ are + not + v-ing

一般疑问式及其回答:

—Am/ Is/ Are +主语+ v-ing?

—Yes, 主语+ am/ is/ are.

—No, 主语+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t.

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+ am/ is/ are +主语+ v-ing?

判定方法院

(1)现在进行时在多数情况下是通过now 来判定的。

(2)以动词Look! 或Listen! 等开头的句子,提示我们说话时动作正在进行,应用现在进行时。

(3)描述图片中人物的动作时常用现在进行时,以示生动。

(4)通过前后的语言环境、时间等来说明动作发生的时间,也可由特定的语境来表达。

训练基地

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

( )1. Look! The girls ________ cards over there.

A. play B. playing C. is playing D. are playing

( )2. —What are the girls doing?

—They ________.

A. are looking English books B. are watching a film

C. are listening the music D. watching a film

( )3. ________ weekend, I ________ an old friend in London.

A. Last; visited B. Last; visiting

C. This; visit D. This; am visit

( )4. ________ there a bike and two men under the tree?

A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has

( )5. —________ take off your coat, Kate. It’s cold today.

—OK.

A. Don’t B. Can’t C. You’d better D. Please

( )6. —________ you in Australia last year?

—Yes, I ________.

A. were; was B. were; were C. was; were D. was; was

( )7. —How did you ________ the weekend?

—I helped my mother cook food.

A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent

( )8. We ________ the end-of-year exam yesterday.

A. have B. had C. are D. are having

( )9. —When ________ you ________ the room?

—Last Monday.

A. do; clean B. did; clean C. are; cleaning D. does; clean

( )10. —________ yesterday?

—It was rainy.

A. How was the weather like B. What was the weather

C. How is the weather D. What was the weather like

Ⅱ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I can take Wang Gang there when he ________ (come) to visit.

2. ________ her brother ________ (like) playing football every day?

3. It’s nine o’clock. His grandfather ________ (lie) in bed.

4. He ________ (have) fun in the Palace Museum yesterday.

5. Many people ________ (run) in the park every Sunday morning.

6. How ________ (be) the weather last winter?

7. On weekdays, when ________ you ________ (get) up?

8. Jim’s cousin James ________ (do) his homework every day. But he ________ (not"do) it yesterday.

9. Look! The boy ________ (put) on his sweater by himself.

10. I ________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.

11. —________ you ________ (know) the boy over there?

—Which boy?

—The boy who is ________ (sit) near the window of the classroom.

12. I like ________ (read), but I like ________ (go) to the cinema this evening.

13. Would you like ________ (go) to the park this afternoon?

14. Don’t ________ (talk) with him. He’s busy.

15. They ________ (practice) writing at school now.

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