阅读理解段落大意题型解析

理解语篇的主旨大意是英语阅读理解考查的内容之一。从考查的题型类别看，理解主旨的题目一般可分为两类：段落大意题和全文大意题。段落大意题针对语篇的某段或者某几段的主要内容进行提问，下面结合模拟真题，分析段落大意题型的解题方法和思路。

一、段落大意题型常见的设问方式

1. What does the first / last paragraph mainly tell us？

2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？

3. The second paragraph is mainly about __________.

二、段落大意题型解题方法和思路

1. 分析段落，寻找主题句

（1）主题句的特点

段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会体现在段落的主题句中。主题句的特点鲜明，具有概括性强、统领程度高的特点，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。

a. 主题句在段落中通常会与起过渡作用的词汇，如 however， but， and， also， for example， in conclusion， on the contrary等，或某些标点符号，如“；”“—”相关联。

例1：For most of us， it’s difficult to find out what kinds of food or drinks are the best to eat. There are too many kinds of food or drinks around us， like hamburgers， chips， rice and juice. However， there are four kinds of food or drinks that you should try to eat everyday.

例2：Have you ever bought diet drinks such as Genki Forest because it’s advertised as “sugar⁃free”？ Actually， diet drinks aren’t quite as healthy as you might drink.

b. 主题句形式可能采用强调句型（It is... that...）；宾语从句（show that / conclude that...）等形式。

例：It is reported that FOMO is a serious problem， which can make you feel upset， lonely and bored. And you will be easily controlled by these feelings.

（2）主题句的位置

a.开门见山与藏头露尾

主题句通常与段落结构相关联，如段落结构为“总—分”或“分—总”，主题句就会出现在“段首”或“段尾”。

b.藏龙卧虎

主题句也有出现在“段中”的情况，通常段落中前后内容都是具体说明、解释主题句的内容，“细节—主题—细节”。

2. 分析段落，总结段落大意

有时在一段文章中主题句也会隐含在全段当中，因此没有明确的主题句，需要根据段落细节内容来分析、概括、推导出段落主题。

突破方法是：关注高频词，明确段落中各句内容以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点，然后加以归纳形成段落主题，进而总结出段落大意。

3. 真题演练

以2023年北京海淀区初三阅读理解模拟题第30题为例，让我们一起来应用以上方法实战演练段落大意题型。

When you tell the truth， you think of what you want to say and just say it. However， lying takes much more work—you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex （前额叶皮层）. It’s responsible for working memory and executive function （执行功能） tasks such as planning， problem⁃solving and self⁃control. Working memory keeps things in mind just for a little while as you’re using them. Executive function comes into play when you use self⁃control to keep from blurting out （脱口而出） the facts that would uncover your lie. It helps you recall all the details of a lie to make sure that it sounds believable. It also lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning.

30. The paragraph is mainly about __________.

A. why self⁃control benefits the brain

B. what social influences lying can bring

C. how the brain works when people lie

D. when executive function comes into play

【解题思路】

本文主要介绍说谎是大脑的运作活动及其运作过程，分析了说谎的影响和代价。

分析此段可以发现第二句“However， lying takes much more work — you have to come up with a story and remember it.”（然而，撒谎需要做更多的工作——你必须想出一个故事并记住它）是主题句。段落中后面的内容都是对于大脑在说谎时候是如何工作的这一内容进行解释说明。如说明大脑中前额叶皮层区域负责工作记忆和执行计划、解决问题、自我控制的任务，这些可以避免脱口而出造成的谎言揭露，也帮助人们回忆谎言细节，或者提前思考确保谎言经得起推敲。

因此，本段的段落大意是介绍说明当人们说谎时，大脑是如何工作的。选项C符合表达内容。

4. 小结

解答段落主旨大意题型，需要从段落内容入手，分析段落结构、推敲段落中句与句之间的关系，借助高频词、关联词、标点符号、特殊句型等内容寻找主题句或提取主题句，进而总结归纳段落大意。在平时的学习中，同学们要加强这些能力的训练，以便在考试中做到游刃有余。

（作者单位：沈阳市浑南区第一初级中学）