历史与传统

本刊试题研究中心

第一部分 语言基础（共两节，满分30分）

第一节 单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

1.The manager spoke to them all ________(individual).

2.Lions and tigers belong ________ the cat family.

3.It was in honor of those soldiers who lost their lives in defence ________ their country.

4.The prince lives in a castle ________(surround) by mountains on three sides.

5.There is not a shred of evidence ________ the meeting actually took place.

6.I haven't ________(achieve) very much today.

7.He decided to take charge ________ the program.

8.The headmaster made an important ________(announce) last week.

9.Large ________(amount) of damage have been done to the city in a short time.

10.Everyone in the class seemed eager ________(learn).

11.Having the lights ________(burn) all the time is not a good habit.

12.With all the tasks ________(finish), the engineer went out of his office happily.

13.We all crowded ________ his office to congratulate him on his success.

14.He greeted us ________ a big smile.

15.It is not ________(surprise) that they lost.

第二节 完成句子（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

1.我始终挣脱不了这张无形的网。(break的搭配)

I always cannot ________ ________ ________ this invisible net.

2.这座岛有一座桥与大陆相连。(join的搭配)

The island is ________ ________ the mainland by a bridge.

3.这个男孩和他的叔叔都喜欢踢足球。(as的搭配)

The boy ________ ________ ________ his uncle likes playing football.

4.留意那只小黑猫。(keep的搭配)

________ ________________________________that little black cat.

5.如果有必要，我可以马上来。(if的省略用法)

________ ________, I can come at once.

6.约翰去年负责这个项目。(charge的搭配)

John was ________ ________ ________ the program last year.

7.据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。(announce的用法)

________ ________________________new speed restrictions would be introduced.

8.他们一到那个旅游景点就迫不及待地想去探索。(eager的用法)

As soon as they arrived on that tourist attraction, they________________________explore.

9.我不知道该选哪本书。(idea的搭配)

I ________ ________ ________ which book to choose.

10.下个周末去徒步旅行如何？

________ ________going hiking next weekend?

11.有那么多的工作要做，我没有时间去看电影。(with的复合结构)

With so much work ________ ________, I have no time for a movie.

12.我父母这个周末可能会过来。(likely的搭配)

My parents ________ ________ ________ ________ this weekend.

13.你应该把你的衣服洗一下。(get sth done)

You should ________ ________ ________ ________.

14.我不喜欢你跟我讲话的方式。(介词+which)

I don't like the way ________ ________ you speak to me.

15.你认为这篇文章的哪一部分最有趣？

Which part of this passage ________ ________ ________ is the most interesting?

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Here is something you can do to experience another culture which may be different from yours.

La Tomatina, Spain

Once a year, in the Valencian town of Buñol, the Spanish gather to throw tomatoes at each other.The world's largest tomato fight, La Tomatina now attracts many participants from around the world.

Battaglia delle Arance, Italy

If you don't fancy throwing tomatoes, how about oranges? During the Carnevale di Ivrea each year, residents of Ivrea, Italian come together to throw oranges at each other.The tradition is in memory of a battle between the locals and a bad ruler, with oranges thrown as part of the fight for freedom.

La Mordida, Mexico

If you like to take small bites of your birthday cake, it might be best not to spend your birthday in Mexico.After singingHappy Birthday, guests watch while the birthday boy or girl blows out his/her candles.He/She then leans over and takes a bite of the cake, at which point someone will push his/her face into it.

Baking Money into Food, Bolivia

Speaking of food, did you know that, in Bolivia, it is traditional to bake money into sweet pastries (油酥糕点) and cakes on New Year's Eve? It's a tradition in which bakeries across the country take part.Those who find a coin in their cakes can look forward to plenty of good luck in the new year.

1.What is Battaglia delle Arance in honour of ?

A.A fight for freedom.B.Residents living in Ivrea.

C.Oranges harvested in Ivrea.D.A battle with foreign enemies.

2.Which of the following is related to the birthday?

A.La Tomatina.B.Battaglia delle Arance.

C.La Mordida.D.Baking Money into Food.

3.What do the four traditions have in common?

A.They are related to food.B.They focus on human rights.

C.They are traditions in Europe.D.They are traditions about dance.

B

I had lived in Mexico City for about 6 months before seeing somebody get visibly angry in public, but it wasn't a Mexican.

Rarely will you see a Mexican publicly lose emotional control, unless perhaps an excess of wine has been involved.From a young age, Mexicans are taught not to get overly emotional.As the common Mexican saying goes, “He who gets angry, loses.”

The cultural customs in Mexico City involve a level of politeness, which I've not experienced in other cities of its size.These traditions of respectful language have been handed down by the country's indigenous (本地的) populations, later blending with the traditions of the Spanish when Hernán Cortés and his team seized the region in 1519.While the north of the country was settled very differently, with a less distinct colonial period, central and southern Mexico were heavily influenced by 300 years of Spanish rule.

In some indigenous communities, including some Nahua communities, not looking people in the eyes while speaking to them is a sign of respect, while holding eye contact for a long period, especially when done between two men, can be seen as a symbol of provocation (挑衅).

It's not to say that everyone in Mexico City is “nice”.But for one of the most densely populated cities in the world with a lot of problems, many travelers find themselves remarking that at least here, people take the time for pleasantries (礼仪).“Perhaps the oxymoron (矛盾修辞法) of ‘organized chaos’ is a good way to define Mexico City,” Lara said.In the nearly two years, I've lived in Mexico City, and I've learned that maintaining this strict level of pleasantries is an art.Everyone is in it together, combing through the madness of a massive city just trying to live their life.

4.A Mexican will get angry when he ________.

A.isn't a Mexican anymore B.sees someone rudely act in public

C.drinks too much D.loses something important

5.Which of the following matters a lot in passing down Mexican politeness?

A.Mexican language.B.Mexican original inhabitants.

C.Spanish cultural traditions.D.Spanish long ruling.

6.Which kind of Mexicans were affected most by Spanish?

A.Mexicans living in north Mexico.

B.Mexicans living in south Mexico.

C.Mexicans coming from foreign countries.

D.Mexicans having ever been to Spain.

7.What can best describe Mexico City according to the text?

A.It is polite though has some problems.

B.It is very complete and perfect.

C.It makes people feel mad.

D.It has chaos that people organize.

C

In its best times in the nineteenth century, thatch (茅草屋顶) played an important role in protecting British homes from the weather.But new technologies since have led to a rapid decline in thatching and many of the thatched cottages that remain have been changed beyond all recognition by developers or have run into disrepair, a rather upsetting reminder of a bygone age.

A Welsh company, however, is trying to breathe new life into some of the last traditional thatched cottages in western Wales by repairing them and letting them out as holiday homes.Called “Under the Thatch”, the company is run by Greg Stevenson, who lives in his own thatched cottage in Ceredigion.An architectural historian by training, he repairs old buildings in old-fashioned ways.

All the cottages are in attractive locations around southwest Wales.Unlike most holiday homes, the cottages are let all year round—chiefly because Greg prices them lower than many holiday properties (房产) and he'd prefer that properties are rented just above cost price than not used at all.And with that comes a bargain or two: it's common for a property to go for as little as £35 a night.Consequently occupancy for properties with“Under the Thatch” is at 95 percent (the average in Wales is 35 percent).

Its success has meant that Greg has been able to buy up more old cottages and bring them back into the community.Greg has also diversified from offering only thatched cottages: he now lets out a variety of rare accommodations dotted around western styles,including a renovated (修复的) train carriage and two gypsy caravans which were used by Romanies.

Most of his thirty properties are run using environmentally friendly technologies.Including solar panels and recycled furnishings.But most importantly, what the cottages all have in common is that they bring back life to local communities.Spend a weekend in“Under the Thatch” rather than in a holiday home, buy local food and visit nearby restaurants, and you will be contributing to the local economy.

8.How does the author sound when talking about thatched cottages in paragraph 1?

A.Excited.B.Afraid.C.Sorry.D.Humorous.

9.What is the main reason for the success of “Under the Thatch”?

A.The properties' low prices.

B.The company's excellent services.

C.The company's creative designers.

D.The properties' beautiful locations.

10.Besides thatched cottages, what does Greg's company provide?

A.Design plans for modern cottages.

B.Other uncommon styles of holiday homes.

C.Environmentally friendly technologies.

D.Advice on developing the local economy.

11.What can be the best title for the text?

A.Buy up traditional thatched cottages

B.Protect British homes from the weather

C.Spend a weekend under the thatch

D.Bring properties back into the community

D

Almost everyone who has studied English has been warned about the way Brits love their manners.It is part of our national identity, as much as fish and chips or complaining about the weather.Recently I have been wondering where this comes from and I read online that we say “sorry” up to eight times a day.Probably the same amount of times that any other person says “hello” or “how are you”.It is almost like to greeting to us! It was only when I was explaining how there are five steps of saying “thank you” when you buy something from a shop to a Mexican friend of mine that I realised how mad it sounded.

After some research online I have not been able to find any specific reasons why we are the way we are.I suppose for centuries manners and how we eat at the table and talk to other people has been one of the barriers between the lower and upper classes and represents your social status.Britain has traditionally been a quite conservative country.There are many articles suggesting that this seemingly polite attitude of always saying please and thank you is quite false because it is impossible to always feel that you want to thank someone or say please.

Maybe it is for this reason that people are going one of two ways: they are incredibly polite and hold back on their feelings, or not polite at all and express their true feelings.Some Brits are fed up of pretending that they are always content and having to please people.Sometimes because we feel we have to be polite, we are prevented from saying what we truly think.Do you think it is better to not hurt people's feelings and be polite or to let people know the truth? In your country what is the custom? I know in some countries if someone is considered to be doing his or her job, the clients think that the person does not need to be thanked.

12.What does the author think of Brits way of saying “thank you”?

A.Normal.B.Pleasing.C.Exciting.D.Surprising.

13.What does the author want to find out?

A.Why Brits like to complain about the weather.

B.Why Brits love their way of showing manners.

C.Why Brits are fond of fish and chips so much.

D.Why Brits have five steps of saying “thank you”.

14.What does the author think manners stand for for centuries?

A.Wealth and health.B.Social status.

C.Politeness.D.Attitudes.

15.Why do Brits feel sometimes they have to be polite?

A.They want to express their true feelings.

B.They want to let people know the truth.

C.They are kept from saying what they truly think.

D.They want to represent their social status.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后面的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The UK has many strange traditions.___16__ This tradition comes Shrove Tuesday, or,as many like to call it, Pancake (薄煎饼) Day.The day fell on February 16 this year.

__17__As contestants (参赛者) run, they have to toss the pancake in the air so that it flips and lands back in the pan on the other side.The winner is the first to reach the finish line, although they should also be careful to make sure that the pancake is complete and that it hasn't broken along the way.

One of the most famous pancake races is the Rehab Parliamentary Pancake Race.This takes place on the morning of Shrove Tuesday in London, outside the Houses of Parliament.___18___ One team is made up of Members of Parliament, and the other is made up of journalists.Most of them take part in the race wearing their work suits! The race is shown on the news and is covered on TV all around the world.___19__ It raises awareness for the charity Rehab, which works with people with disabilities and others who suffer from social exclusion in the UK.

Another important aspect of the race is the official starter.___20___ This is seen as an important role and is usually given to a British news presenter.But whoever is chosen usually has a hard time trying to control the race—the MPs are known for cheating every year!

A.One of those is pancake racing.

B.The race is a competition between two teams.

C.That is the person chosen to announce the start of the race.

D.Roman schools or businesses hold special Pancake Day events.

E.And as well as a bit of fun, the race is also held for a good cause (事业).

F.Pancakes in the UK are large and thin and can be topped with juice.

G.In a typical pancake race, contestants have to run holding a frying pan with a pancake in it.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Friday night meant a family dinner for me at home.There would be discussions and laughter.Even so, I ___21___ those moments.

Preparations for the dinner would begin ___22___ that day.As both my parents worked,sometimes I would be given instructions to ___23___ the chicken in the oven (烤箱) after school.I would repeat the ___24___ process like a cooking machine.The only ___25___ was my mother's chicken soup.Once the dinner was cooking, the table would be ___26___.A white lace cloth, the good china, napkins.Though I failed to see any ___27___, I had to light the candles with my mom.

Years later, my father passed away, and then my mother insisted on going to live in a care home.I seemed to be totally ___28___ from the boring tradition, but I didn't feel__29___.I missed the chicken soup.Although I have her recipe, I've never actually ___30____the soup myself.I missed the warm-lighted candles.Standing together, we'd make ___31____with our hands around the lit candles, bringing the light into our hearts.

That's why I accepted ___32___ when my husband advised to ___33___ the tradition.“I can help with the soup, ” he said.If there's one thing I've ___34___, it's that these family traditions are really worth cherishing before they ___35___, from the chicken soup recipes to lighting candles.

21.A.remembered B.chose C.enjoyed D.hated

22.A.early B.late C.already D.again

23.A.kill B.get C.add D.count

24.A.natural B.formal C.dull D.creative

25.A.tradition B.comfort C.upset D.course

26.A.elected B.turned C.dressed D.set

27.A.point B.dishes C.food D.forks

28.A.freed B.protected C.recovered D.discouraged

29.A.lost B.happy C.curious D.nervous

30.A.served B.stirred C.made D.poured

31.A.fortunes B.efforts C.circles D.noises

32.A.immediately B.generally C.widely D.regretfully

33.A.throw away B.go over C.put away D.take over

34.A.controlled B.forgotten C.finished D.learned

35.A.exist B.improve C.disappear D.continue

第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What is the difference between Chinese and Western cultures? For visual designer Cao Siyu, the answer can usually be found in her comics, 36.________ highlight cultural differences and connections 37.________(base) on her experience.

Born and raised in Beijing, Cao, 32, left home at 20 to study in the United States and later, the United Kingdom.“My experience shows that although travel is much 38.________(convenience) today, the distance between cultures doesn't 39.________(short),” Cao says.

After she encountered many misunderstandings and came face to face with stereotypes(刻板印象) of China, Cao 40.________(inspire) to createTiny Eyes Comics, 41.________Internet-based cartoon series illustrating “the big world through tiny Chinese eyes”.Since her first illustration in 2016, Cao 42.________(post) more than 300 comics to her social platform.At present, Cao has over 41,000 followers.

43.________(focus) on her topics, including family relationships, different ways of thinking and social customs, Cao features a girl named Tiny Eyes and describes her life in a light-hearted way.Cao hopes that the comics can show a truer China to foreigners who are full of 44.________(curious) about the country.

A book of theTiny Eyes Comicswas published in France in May last year and an English version is 45.________(late) in production.

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 （满分15分）

假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Steven 计划到你的家乡旅游，向你发来邮件咨询。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：

1.介绍你的家乡；

2.表示欢迎并乐意充当导游。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Steven,

I'm glad you're coming to my hometown soon._________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节 （满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was my first university day of the new term, which I had been looking forward to in the summer vacation.Mother decided Dad should accompany me though I thought I could manage it myself.Everything here appeared a little fresh to me; yet I still had butterfies in my stomach.The letter of admission said my dormitory was Room 512 on the fifth floor.

I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two bigger more.By the time I set foot on the fifth floor, I got entirely burnt out and at the same time had a feeling of loneliness.Worse still, Dad missed a step and fell on his back, sending my new suitcases rolling down the stairs.“Oh, no! ” he screamed, his face turning red.I knew a storm was on the way.Whenever Dad's face turns red, look out.

How could I ever get him to finish unloading my suitcases from the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls? And whom I would have to spend the rest of the year with? At that point, doors along the narrow passage were opening and strange faces were peering out (探出) with curiosity, as Dad walked with difficulty close behind.I felt that my college life was getting off on the wrong foot.

“Wish to find the room quickly!” I prayed as I walked with my head bent.“Get him into a chair and calmed down.” But then again, would there be a chair in my dormitory? Or would it be a purely empty room? I didn't know what was in store for me.

注意：续写词数为150左右。

Paragraph 1:

Finally,I arrived at Room 512.____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

And there on a well-made bed sat a girl,my new roommate.______________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

语言学习

长难句分析

1.In some indigenous communities, including some Nahua communities, not looking people in the eye while speaking to them is a sign of respect, while holding eye contact for a long period, especially when done between two men, can be seen as a symbol of provocation.在一些土著社区中，包括一些纳瓦社区，在与人交谈时不看对方的眼睛是尊重的表现，而长时间保持眼神交流，特别是当这种行为发生在两个男性之间时，可以被视为挑衅的象征。

【点石成金】该句中，第一个while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，第二个while引导比较状语从句，意为“然而”。

2.But new technologies since have led to a rapid decline in thatching and many of the thatched cottages that remain have been changed beyond all recognition by developers or have run into disrepair, a rather upsetting reminder of a bygone age.但是随后的新技术导致茅草屋顶迅速衰落，许多仍然存在的茅草屋要么被开发商改造得面目全非，要么陷入破败，这是对往昔岁月的一种令人不安的提醒。

【点石成金】该句中and 是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中，many of the thatched cottages that remain 是主语，have been changed 和 have run into disrepair是并列的谓语，指出了这些茅草屋目前的两种状态。