美国《保健物理》(Health Physics)杂志英文摘要(2023 年 125 卷第 6 期)

Health Phys. Abstracts，Volume 125，Number 6

Evaluation of the Performance of Different Types of Radiation Protection Gloves： A Cross-sectional Study

Mitsuyoshi Yasuda1，2 ， Syoji Manabu2 ， Tomoki Fuji2 ， Noritaka Seino3 ， Hiroyuki Watanabe1，2 ， Hisaya Sato1，4 ， Kyoichi Kato1，5

（1. Graduate School of Health Sciences， Showa University， 1865 Tokaichiba， Midori- ku， Yokohama， Kanagawa 226 - 0025，Japan;2. Department of Radiological Technology， Showa University Hospital， 1- 5- 8 Hatanodai， Shinagawa - ku， Tokyo 142 - 8666，Japan;3. Department of Radiology， Showa University， 1-5-8 Hatanodai， Shinagawa-ku， Tokyo 142-8666， Japan;4.Department of Radiology， Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital， 1-30 Fujigaoka Aoba-ku， Yokohama， Kanagawa 227-8501，Japan;5. Department of Radiological Technology， Showa University， Tokyo， Japan）

Abstract：Radiation exposure of a practitioner s fingers is a problem in interventional radiology， and radiation protection gloves（protective gloves） can help reduce such exposure. Several types of protective gloves are commercially available from variousmanufacturers. In the present study， we compared the protective effects and usability of four types of protective gloves. Toinvestigate the radiation protection effect， we placed normal surgical gloves and the four types of protective gloves on phantom handswith thermoluminescent dosimeters （TLD） attached to the fingertips and the dorsum and palms of the hands. Next， they wereirradiated with X rays， and the radiation dose was measured and compared using the TLDs. In terms of usability， 42 medical staffmembers completed a questionnaire that included seven items， such as finger movability， tactile sensation， grip， and overallsatisfaction， which were scored on a 5-point scale. Consequently， the protective effects differed between the gloves， and radiationexposure was lower by 30% to 60% with these gloves compared with surgical gloves. In terms of usability， a difference of 2 to 4points was noted between the gloves for each questionnaire item. These results suggest that radiation protective gloves can protectthe surgeon ' s fingers from radiation exposure without reducing work efficiency by selecting gloves according to the surgicalprocedure.

Key words： exposure; radiation; surveys; thermoluminescent dosimeter; X rays

Health Phys. 125（6）：427-433; 2023

Development of Respiratory Tract Organs for ICRP Pediatric Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms

Chansoo Choi1 ， Bangho Shin2 ， Yeon Soo Yeom3 ， Chan Hyeong Kim2 ， Wesley E. Bolch1 ， Derek W. Jokisch4，5 ， Haegin Han2 ，Choonsik Lee6 ， Beom Sun Chung7

（1. J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering， University of Florida， Gainesville， FL;2. Department of Nuclear Engineering， Hanyang University， Seoul， Republic of Korea;3. Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering， Yonsei University， Wonju， Republic of Korea;4. Department of Physics and Engineering， Francis Marion University， Florence， SC;5. Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge， Oak Ridge National Laboratory， Oak Ridge， TN;6. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics， National Cancer Institute， National Institutes of Health， Bethesda， MD;7. Department of Anatomy， Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine， Wonju， Republic of Korea）

Abstract：As part of the activities of the International Commission on Radiological Protection （ICRP） Task Group 103， the presentstudy developed a new set of respiratory tract organs consisting of the extrathoracic， bronchial， bronchiolar， and alveolar-interstitialregions for newborn， 1-， 5-， 10-， and 15-y-old males and females for use in pediatric mesh-type reference computationalphantoms. The developed respiratory tract organs， while preserving the original topologies of those of the pediatric voxel-typereference computational phantoms of ICRP Publication 143， have improved anatomy and detailed structure and also include μmthicktarget and source regions prescribed in ICRP Publication 66. The dosimetric impact of the developed respiratory tract organswas investigated by calculating the specific absorbed fraction for internal electron exposures， which were then compared with theICRP Task Group 96 values. The results showed that except for the alveolar-interstitial region as a source region， the pediatricmesh phantoms showed larger specific absorbed fractions than the Task Group 96 values. The maximum difference was a factor of～3. 5 for the extrathoracic-2 basal cell and surface as target and source regions， respectively. These results reflect the differencesin the target masses and geometry caused by the anatomical enhancement of the pediatric mesh phantoms. For the alveolarinterstitialregion as a source region， the pediatric mesh phantoms showed larger values for low energy ranges and lower values withincreasing energies， owing to the differences in the size and shape of the alveolar-interstitial region.

Key words： computer calculations; International Commission on Radiological Protection （ICRP）; phantom; respiratory system

Health Phys. 125（6）：434-445; 2023

Automated Workflow for Calculating the Collective and Average Effective Doses of Galactic Cosmic Radiation Received by Pilots in Taiwan from 2006 to 2021

Yu-Shiang Huang1，2 ， Zi-Yi Yang3 ， Rong-Jiun Sheu1，4

（1. Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science， National Tsing Hua University， 101， Sec. 2， Kuang - Fu Road， Hsinchu，Taiwan;2. Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center， National Tsing Hua University， 101， Sec. 2， Kuang-Fu Road， Hsinchu，Taiwan;3. Institute of Nuclear Energy Research， 1000， Wen-Hua Road， Longtan， Taoyuan， Taiwan;4. Department of Engineering and System Science， National Tsing Hua University， 101， Sec. 2， Kuang - Fu Road， Hsinchu，Taiwan）

Abstract：On the basis of statistical data obtained from publicly available annual civil aviation reports， we developed an automatedworkflow for estimating the overall radiation exposure of aircraft pilots caused by galactic cosmic radiation. The workflow comprisesseveral data-processing scripts that work with the batch analysis capability built in the NTHU Flight Dose Calculator. This methodcan quickly provide best possible estimates of the annual collective and average effective doses received by pilots of various airlinesbecause all passenger， cargo， and charter flights operated that year were considered rather than some selected flights. The workflowand its implementation as well as analysis of results for the period of 2006-2021 are discussed herein. The results revealed that in2019， six airlines in Taiwan operated 479 separate flight segments with 226 aircraft. The collective effective dose received by all2，986 pilots was approximately 5，536 person-mSv; hence， the average individual effective dose was 1. 85 mSv. During the COVID-19 pandemic， the doses decreased by more than half. In 2020， the collective effective dose received by all 2，936 pilots decreasedsharply to 2，527 person-mSv， corresponding to an average effective dose per pilot of only 0. 86 mSv. During 2006-2019， theannual average effective dose per pilot in Taiwan was between 1. 65 and 2. 71 mSv， and the average effective dose rate per flighthour was 3. 15 μSvh- 1 .

Key words： operational topics; computer calculations; effective dose; radiation; atmospheric

Health Phys. 125（6）：455-464; 2023