Classified TrainingⅠ

分类训练一

阅读理解 + 阅读七选五

（一）

阅读理解

A

Frances Stevens Reese Woodland Trail (小径) Guide

The Woodland Trail was opened to the public on October 21， 1997. Boscobel’s Board of Directors adopted a formal decision of naming the Woodland Trail in honor of the former Boscobel Board member， Frances Stevens Reese (1917—2003)， one year after her death.

The trail is about 10 miles in length， leading down to Constitution Forest. When the West Point Glass Factory was operating during the Civil War， trees for miles around were cleared to provide firewood. Walking out of the forest， you will find a large mass of native hard rock about three billion years old.

Throughout this country path， you will find many birds and plants local to this region. You will also find signs with historical and environmental information written by area specialists.

When you take a walk through this “undiscovered” forest land， please be a considerate (体贴的) guest.

• Before walking along the trail， please buy a pass in the Carriage House. Plan ahead， so you will be back by closing time.

• Follow the trail markers (标识) and remain on the trail. Besides protecting the fragile (脆弱的) forest ecosystem， you will reduce the risk of getting hurt by poisonous plants and snakes.

• Leave rocks， plants， animals and artworks where you see them so that the person behind you can have the same experience.

• Carry out whatever you carry in because there are no rubbish containers on the trail. If you happen to see a piece of litter， be a good guest and pick it up.

1. When was the trail named to honor Frances Stevens Reese?

A. In 1918. B. In 1997. C. In 2002. D. In 2004.

2. What can you see along the trail?

A. An old battle field. B. A glass factory. C. Information signs. D. Rock houses.

3. What should you do to be a considerate visitor?

A. Leave the wildlife where it is. B. Throw the rubbish into the bins.

C. Book a ticket in the Carriage House. D. Protect the markers of the Woodland Trail.

B

Many people living in extremely low-income areas don’t have access (机会) to the materials they need to make even the most basic home improvements. Most， including Tessa Vierk’s and Jim Benton’s friends， can’t afford to buy pricey tools themselves， nor can they afford to find someone else to repair their homes. That’s where the Chicago Tool Library comes in!

Tessa and Jim set up the library that accepts tool donations in 2019. It functions exactly like a regular library， except instead of books， people can borrow tools they need for home repairs， woodworking， gardening， cooking， camping， and more. People sign up for a library card， and there’s a pay-what-you-can annual fee (费) with no standard or minimum payments. Members can borrow as many tools as they can carry for seven days， and renew (续借) them if they want to. When the library first started， Tessa and Jim had about 150 members. They now have over 1，500 members from all over the Chicago area and more than 2，500 tools to choose from.

Now， in fact， they’ve had to turn down tool donations. They’re searching for a larger building to hold “twice as many tools”. “Probably 90 percent of the tools we have have been donated，” Tessa said. “A lot of people own too many high-quality things， and they would give them to us so that we don’t have the space to accept.”

“While it’s quiet around the library， it’s far from the city， which is hard for young people who are working to get our services. We are planning to relocate to a larger location with a better public transport network to make our offerings， including more tools， and lots of other wonderful services， available to even more people，” they wrote on their website.

4. What made Tessa and Jim start the Chicago Tool Library?

A. Their love for reading books. B. Their friends’ encouragement.

C. Their interest in decorating. D. Their desire to help the poor.

5. Which word best describes the Chicago Tool Library according to Paragraph 2?

A. Elegant. B. Popular. C. Costly. D. Inconvenient.

6. Why do Tessa and Jim turn down tool donations?

A. They have had enough tools. B. The tools are of poor quality.

C. Their storage space is limited. D. They want to buy tools themselves.

7. What can be inferred about the present location of the library?

A. It’s not easily accessible. B. It’s close to the community.

C. It’s noisy and crowded. D. It’s favorable for the young.

C

According to the statistics shared by UNESCO， at least 43% of the total languages that are estimated as being spoken across the world are in danger of extinction. Moreover， many languages around the world have less than 1，000 speakers now. Linguists (语言学家) and researchers believe that by the end of the century， at least half of the world’s languages will have died. This is troublesome， given that cultural identity and languages go hand in hand.

Language activists and people who speak these endangered languages are fighting back.Scientists believe that digitization (数字化) might be our only hope to preserve some of these quickly disappearing languages in the online world.

For instance， Oxford University Press launched Oxford Global Languages a few years ago. It is an initiative that boosts (推动) “digitally underrepresented” languages. They are focused on promoting languages that might have close to a million speakers worldwide， yet have little or no online presence. Therefore， they have been creating digital dictionaries as a fundamental building block to help preserve them.

There have been countless other projects like this with the same aim. Another is the Rosetta Project， which aims to create a handheld digital library that will carry more than 1，500 languages. It will be properly sized to fit nicely into our hands， and will come with around 13，000 pages of information. It will also have a high life expectancy of anywhere between 2，000 and 10，000 years.Initiatives like these have their primary objective to ensure the preservation of local languages long after their speakers have died.

Countless languages are dying every day， and they will continue to perish as the remaining speakers die. Of course， we cannot merely rely on digitization to deal with worldwide languages loss. However， it is a step in the right direction. These digital tools offer endangered languages an opportunity to bounce back and survive.

8. What does the data in Paragraph 1 mainly show?

A. Many languages are endangered.

B. Culture determines language evolution.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D. Linguists are trying to protect endangered languages.

9. What does Oxford Global Languages try to do?

A. Promote online courses of local languages.

B. Publish paper dictionaries of global languages.

C. Increase dying language speakers to a million.

D. Make certain languages available in digital form.

10. What can we learn about the handheld digital library?

A. It will carry little information. B. It will exist for a long time.

C. It will involve 1，500 languages. D. It will be hard to be put into use.

11. Which can replace the underlined word “perish” in the last paragraph?

A. Be enriched. B. Be lost. C. Be acquired. D. Be invented.

D

While it’s neither a good nor bad habit， I believe we should think about how much we let others impact us. Why? Because we’re independent people and we can choose our own way.

Jim Rohn， a public speaker， said， “You are the average of the five people you spend the most time with.” This means our close circle of peers (同龄人) can be seen as parts of ourselves. That’s why I often find it difficult， even now， to go against my family’s or friends’ opinions， because they’re the people I care for most and don’t want to disappoint.

When I was around nine years old， I went to a summer camp where I met lots of other kids. At dinnertime， we’d all gather around in the restaurant. At some point， my group of friends and I decided to have a competition to see “who could drink the most glasses of water”. Little me， very competitive and careless， drank 14 glasses of water in 20 minutes. Obviously， I was encouraged by my friends， who were cheering me on. As the night went on， I was rushed to the hospital.

It’s the feeling of belonging to a group that’s tricky (棘手的). One truth I know for sure now is that real friends will always respect your choices. If you’ve thought through it and don’t want to do anything， you shouldn’t do it. Your true friends shouldn’t force you to do anything. You’re the master of your own choices. For example， I’ve often turned down some party invitations because I’ve made my own decisions about what I do and don’t want to do. This can， however， leave a cold impression at first， because you’re not following the decisions of the people you may usually agree with. However， in the end， I realize I’m the one who faces the consequences (后果) of my actions， not my friends.

12. What can we infer from Jim Rohn’s words?

A. We’re likely to be average people. B. We should have at least five friends.

C. We’re easily influenced by people around us. D. We should spend more time with our friends.

13. What can we learn about the author in the summer camp?

A. The kids made fun of him. B. He started a competition.

C. He was respected by his friends. D. Being competitive put him in danger.

14. What does the author believe now?

A. True friends should be understanding.

B. True friends are hard to find.

C. It’s necessary to make a good first impression.

D. It’s understandable that improper choices are made.

15. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Lead Your Peers B. Go Your Own Way

C. Keep Fighting in Life D. Be a Doer Than a Talker

阅读七选五

Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning， and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact， the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. A better plan for sleep can help. 16

Find the right motivation (动力). In order to make a change， you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family， get in some exercise， or just be better prepared for your day? 17

Rethinking mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up， consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family， save some time the night before by setting out clothes， shoes， and bags. 18 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you buy a coffee maker with a timer.

Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. 19 But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week， a recent study found. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time， no matter what day it is.

20 Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week， take a look at your record. If the steps you take are working， keep them up. If not， take another look at other methods you could try.

A. Here’s how to make one.

B. Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.

C. Reduce the time you spend on the way to school.

D. Resetting your body clock is sometimes difficult.

E. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line to get coffee.

F. Once you are clear about it， tell your family about the change you want to make.

G. If you’re tired out by Friday night， sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（二）

阅读理解

A

Kid Inventors—Attend Kids’ Day at the Invention Show

INPEX®， the American largest invention trade show， is looking for kid inventors to bring their inventions to Kids’ Day at the Invention Show. Young inventors come for a chance to win cash prizes and great giveaways.

No invention? No problem! Kids’ Day isn’t just for kid inventors. Enjoy music， games and many interesting activities for all ages. Bring your family and friends for a fun day of creativity and excitement.

Attention， young inventors!

There will be lots of exciting activities to take part in and inventions to check out from kid inventors. All inventions will be judged and cash prizes will be awarded. Every exhibitor will receive a certificate for taking part and a bag full of fun things just for bringing your invention to Kids’ Day.

Kids’ Day activity schedule

8:00 am—11:00 am Set-up time for inventions， exhibits and activities

11:00 am Judging of inventions

12:00 pm Kids’ Day at the Invention Show opens to the public

12:00 pm—4:00 pm Activities in progress and inventions on display

3:30 pm Prizes are awarded for inventions

4:30 pm—6:00 pm Tear-down (拆除) of inventions， displays and activities

How to sign up for Kids’ Day at the Invention Show?

Please print Kids’ Day Participation (参加) Form. Then fill it out and mail it or fax it to:

ATTN: Kids’ Day

217 Ninth Street

Pittsburgh， PA 15222

Fax: (412) 288-4546

If you have any questions， please email info@inpex.com.

1. People who go to the show can surely .

A. win cash prizes B. receive a certificate

C. get a bag full of fun things D. take part in interesting activities

2. When can people enjoy the invention show?

A. At 10:30 am. B. At 11:30 am. C. At 3:30 pm. D. At 4:30 pm.

3. How can one sign up for the Invention Show?

A. By fax. B. By email. C. Through the phone. D. Through the website.

B

Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue (追求) her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.

Mauer， of Edgar， Wisconsin， grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm， and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school， Jennifer attended a local technical college， working to pay her tuition (学费)， because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation， she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.

Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills， and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.

Through it all， she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal， giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers，” she says. However， her children have learned an important lesson seeing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family and that’s pretty powerful.

4. What did Jennifer do after high school?

A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own.

C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.

5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital?

A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.

C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.

6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?

A. Her health. B. Her fame.

C. Her time with family. D. Her chance for a better job.

7. What can we learn from Jennifer’s story?

A. Time is money. B. Hard work pays off.

C. Love breaks down barriers. D. Education is the key to success.

C

A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process and a life of movement and exercise may help us live longer and healthier.

For their study， the researchers looked at two groups. The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 and 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. We will call this group the “cyclists”.

Researchers then found 130 people to make up a second group. Within this group， 75 people were aged from 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 to 36. The people in this group were also healthy， but they didn’t exercise regularly. We will call this group the “non-exercisers”. Smokers， heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health problems were not included in the study.

Then， researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass (肌肉质量)， muscular strength， percentages of body fat and the strength of their immune systems (免疫系统). Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.

Results showed that the cyclists didn’t experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example， they didn’t lose muscle mass or muscular strength. Also， their body fat didn’t increase with age. The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists didn’t age either. The researchers advised us all to find an exercise that we like in our lives.

8. What do the participants have in common?

A. They are strong. B. They are old. C. They are healthy. D. They are active.

9. What do the researchers want to know about the participants?

① Their immune systems." " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "② Their blood pressure.

③ Their fat content." " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "④ The situation about their muscle.

A. ①②④ B. ①②③ C. ①③④ D. ②③④

10. Which was an unexpected result to the researchers?

A. The non-exercisers gained weight easily." B. The cyclists had a normal aging process.

C. The cyclists didn’t lose muscular strength. D. The cyclists’ immune systems changed little.

11. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Cycling—the Best Way to Exercise

B. Healthy People Need More Exercise

C. Take Exercise—the More， the Better

D. Lifetime Exercise Slows Down the Aging Process

D

Never play games with a bot (robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI， an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco， has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide-and-seek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help them win.

Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his team wanted to see if the team-based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.

The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls， movable boxes and ladders (梯子)， and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly.

At first， the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a team player—passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout—was the quickest way to win.

But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults. Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall， they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could remove the ladders by pushing them aside.

“It shows that AIs are able to find solutions that humans miss，” says Baker. “Maybe they’ll even be able to solve problems that humans don’t yet know how to.” However， it is a large leap (跳跃) from virtual hide-and-seek to real problem-solving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation，” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.

12. Why did Bowen Baker and his team conduct the research?

A. To teach bots to play games. B. To train bots to use basic tools.

C. To find out if bots may cheat like humans. D. To see what bots can do in cooperation.

13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. The tools of the research. B. The design of the research.

C. The competitors of the game. D. The environment of the game.

14. What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Making use of faults. B. Moving boxes around.

C. Passing objects. D. Hiding themselves from view.

15. What does Chelsea Finn think of the finding of the research?

A. It can bridge a gap in the AI research. B. It will be seen in the real world.

C. It is hard to practice in reality. D. It is problem-solving.

阅读七选五

Everybody has gone through bad days， and some bad days make us feel the world is on our shoulders and we just can’t bear the weight of it any longer. 16 Consider the following ways when you are experiencing the worst day of your life.

Reflect.

When you have the worst day of your life， turning to reflection can remove any bad mood. Some feel relieved when they find a quiet place and time to reflect on the day’s events. 17 The point of the quiet time is to release the bad mood of your day.

Reach out to others.

18 Sometimes this might mean seeking professional help if you are in a state of depression (抑郁)， or it might simply mean talking to a well-trusted friend. Whomever you choose to reach out to， open up so that the bad mood doesn’t beat you.

Change your mental state.

Sometimes it is just a matter of turning them into active thoughts. 19 Once you are able to do that， you will see that it really was not the worst day ever after all.

20

To deal with the worst day， you can set goals for yourself to make changes， so that you will turn it into a growth experience which moves you forward rather than holds you back. What could you do differently if this situation might happen again? Setting goals makes you forward.

A. Set goals.

B. Love yourself.

C. You can make it sooner or later.

D. Sometimes it needs a change in your mental state to overcome it.

E. There are ways to remove those feelings and breathe fresh air again.

F. Others like to spend time writing in journals to express their feelings.

G. When you are feeling frustrated， you need to reach out to others for help.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（三）

阅读理解

A

Traveling to Europe to see its famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Colosseum (古罗马竞技场) in Rome， is not exactly the ideal vacation for kids. Fortunately， Europe has more to offer than lots of old churches and ancient history. You can enjoy some fun with your kids in the sun at some of the famous beaches of the continent.

Dubrovnik， Croatia

There’s nothing more attractive than the beautiful beaches bordering Dubrovnik， Croatia’s most beautiful city. It’s surrounded by stone walls like a castle. It almost makes you feel like you’re suntanning (日光浴) at Hogwarts， where the hero Harry Potter of the story is trained!

Sicily， Italy

Rabbit Beach on the island of Sicily offers shallow and crystal clear waters， making it a perfect beach for families with young children. And if you want to add interest to your experience， try snorkeling (徒手潜水).

Nice， France

Lined with palm trees and first-class hotels， the city of Nice， located on the French Riviera， offers a whole coastline of Mediterranean beaches. Because they’re in the heart of the city， these beaches attract a large crowd. So if you’re looking for something more private， you’ll have to travel a few miles outside of the city center.

Ribadeo， Spain

At low tide， Playa de las Catedrales in Ribadeo， Spain is the perfect beach to take in the natural wonders without urban amusements like restaurants， bars or huge crowds. It boasts (自豪地拥有) beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations， making it truly a picture worthy.

1. What is special about Dubrovnik?

A. It is surrounded by stone walls. B. It has the most attractive coastline.

C. It offers chance to try snorkeling. D. It is the training center of Harry Potter.

2. If you plan to go to a beach in the city， where should you go?

A. Dubrovnik. B. Sicily. C. Nice. D. Ribadeo.

3. What do all the beaches have in common?

A. They have beautiful wild flowers. B. They are famous European beaches.

C. They are well known for green water. D. They provide visitors with urban amusements.

B

I have lived in America’s countryside for nine years， first in Michigan， where I was getting my university degree; then in central Illinois; and now in Indiana， where I am a university teacher. There were a few things I enjoyed complaining about in my living area. I’m a vegetarian (素食者)， but there’s nowhere to go out for a nice dinner without taking a 50-mile drive. I’m black， but there’s nowhere to get my hair done without another 50-mile drive.

I repeated these complaints to my parents and my friends. Sometimes it seemed like complaints were the common language in my circle. We all were dissatisfied with something.

Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action. We all have great ideas about what life would be like if only we had this， or did that， or lived there. Perhaps complaining helps bridge the large space between these perfect selves and reality.

There’s also this: I really didn’t want to change most of the things I complained about. Complaining was helpful on those days when happiness required too much energy. But it also made me lose sight of something. I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in the countryside. When I went to the coasts， I was surprised by how unattractive big-city living could be.

Complaining may offer relief， but so may acceptance. There is no perfect place. There is no perfect life. There will always be something to complain about. By focusing on my complaints， I risked missing out on important moments of happiness. Now， I look up into the night sky and see all the stars. And I know that I have nothing to complain about.

4. What can we learn about the author?

A. She likes driving in the countryside. B. She is very particular about her hair.

C. She is well-educated. D. She often goes out for dinner.

5. What will the author most probably do after complaining?

A. Remain unchanged most of the time. B. Get sadder about her situation.

C. Try to make herself more perfect. D. Have a deeper understanding of reality.

6. What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. The fact that the author liked the countryside. B. The difference between small and big cities.

C. The difficulty in finding happiness. D. The purpose of the author’s life.

7. What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph?

A. She lives an uncommon life. B. She often complains for nothing.

C. She’s trying to stop complaining. D. She makes life better by complaining.

C

As birth order is clearly one of the many factors that affect personality development， we should pay much attention to it. Big brothers and sisters usually develop leadership early in life， giving orders to later children like their parents. The danger is that if the older child takes that role to an extreme (极端)， he or she can become an overbearing adult.

Studies of nearly 300 people have found that firstborns are usually the most strongly desired toward achievements. This is mainly the result of parental expectations. Research also suggests that firstborn children generally become more conservative (保守的) than other children because they receive most of the parental orders and rules. Used to caring for others， they are more likely to move toward such leadership professions as teaching. Less social and flexible because they become used to acting alone in the very early years， they may have difficulty making close friends.

By contrast， the researchers say later children are more likely to be more relaxed and sociable than the eldest child because their parents are more relaxed. However， later children are often less ambitious (雄心壮志的) and may be uncomfortable making decisions for others， and will seek work that fits their needs. This may help explain why younger children prefer the creative fields such as music， art， and writing. Later children may make good sellers because persuasion may have been the only tool they had to deal with older children. Younger children tend to remain forever “the baby” enjoyable to be around， but at times too dependent on others.

8. What does the underlined word “overbearing” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Trying to control others in an unpleasant way. B. Being unable to express real feelings.

C. Preferring the established order to change. D. Changing easily to adapt to new needs.

9. What is a younger child more likely to become according to Paragraph 3?

A. A scientist. B. A doctor. C. A writer. D. A teacher.

10. Why may later children become good sellers?

A. They feel it easy to help others. B. They are good at persuading others.

C. They enjoy developing leadership. D. They are more relaxed and sociable.

11. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Which Is Better: Being the Eldest or the Youngest?

B. The Relation Between Birth Order and Job Success

C. Effects of Birth Order on One’s Personality

D. Birth Order Factor in Marriage

D

Earlier last month， when a young woman was drinking coffee at a coffee shop in Tianjin， another man tried to chat her up and asked her for her WeChat ID.

The woman politely turned down the man’s request but a few days later she found that a video of her at the coffee shop had been posted on a short-video sharing platform. The man had not told her he was making a video nor taken her permission before uploading the video. The woman then left a comment under the video， asking for its removal， and even reported the matter to the platform’s handlers. The account that posted the video was soon disabled.

However， this case is far from alone. Websites dealing in short-videos are filled with accounts that post such videos showing “how to chat up women”. Their purpose is to post such videos for money.

Taking a video of someone without their permission and uploading it violate (侵害) someone’s right to privacy， but such videos are being made and uploaded online with increasing frequency. It was only because the woman in this instance complained that the video of her was removed. What if her attention had not been drawn to the video? One just has to browse (浏览) these sites to find many such videos.

Obviously， there are loopholes in the supervision (监管漏洞) of some short-video platforms， as they are uploading contents that violate other people’s right to privacy.

Women need to watch out if a stranger tries to chat them up. If they suspect the person interacting with them might have a hidden camera somewhere， they should consider calling the police to better protect their right to privacy.

12. How did the woman feel probably after seeing the video?

A. Surprised. B. Mad. C. Happy. D. Disappointed.

13. What is the man’s purpose to upload the video most probably?

A. To impress viewers. B. To earn money.

C. To contact the woman. D. To attract fans.

14. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A. There are more and more privacy-violating videos online.

B. It’s wrong to take videos of people without permission.

C. It’s important to protect our right by complaining.

D. Many people go to websites to find such videos.

15. What is the author’s attitude to the management of some short-video platforms?

A. Positive. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Negative.

阅读七选五

Being a teenager can be difficult. “Troubled” and “rebellious (叛逆的)” are often labels that people give kids in their teens. There are even scientific theories explaining that the likelihood of teenagers taking risks is due to the fact that their brains aren’t fully developed yet. 16

But a new study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University may have finally cleared up this misunderstanding. 17 They simply are easily attracted by new things and want to explore the world.

The adolescents (青少年) lack experience. 18 This personality characteristic is called “sensation seeking”， which is shared by a lot of people and usually peaks during adolescence.

Instead of being something to worry about， sensation seeking is actually necessary， since the process of learning usually goes hand in hand with taking risks. “Teenagers need to build experience so that they can do a better job in making the difficult and risky decisions in later life. ‘Should I take this job?’ or ‘ 19 ’” said Valerie Reyna， co-author of the study.

“ 20 If they don’t make a mistake in their teenage years， they will have no life experience when they turn 18 and step out of their parents’ protection and into a world that’s unknown to them. Kids need the freedom to test out boundaries (界限) while still in a safe environment，” wrote Ann Robinson， editor of The Guardian.

A. Should I marry this person?

B. Teenagers should do as follows.

C. It turns out that teenagers are fine.

D. In other words， they just can’t help it.

E. Things parents can do to help the kids.

F. There’s something more scary than taking a risk.

G. Therefore， they keep trying things out for the first time in their life.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（四）

阅读理解

A

Here are opportunities for international student volunteers. You can apply your academic training to overall development programs in service. Group service options are explained here.

Elder Assistance

Assist at the elder care center with activities such as playing cards and swapping stories. And you can join the elders on day trips to the local museums， parks and supermarkets. Or， help prepare， serve and deliver meals at the assisted living center on the reservation.

Blackfeet Reservation Montana" September 15—September 21

Early Childhood Education

Inspire children 1 to 5 years old through doing arts and crafts， reading storybooks， playing with toys， teaching hand washing with soap and water， and more. As a volunteer in the Cook Islands， you make contributions to the future through the youngest of citizens.

Rarotonga Cook Islands" August 17—August 24

Health Care

Health care volunteers are needed at the clinic， serving all of the 1，300 children of the community. To help specialists， volunteers can be engaged to help sort medicines， make cotton balls and take children’s temperature， etc. Health care volunteers do not need any special permit or license.

Lima" September 3—September 24

Teach English

Started in 1996， the program is to teach English in China and build a bridge of friendship and respect. Here you teach English lessons to secondary or university students with all levels of language abilities. After school， you can join your students in a number of cultural activities to extend the day’s English lessons.

Xi’an" August 22—August 28

1. When can you volunteer at the elder care center?

A. On September 3. B. On September 15. C. On August 17. D. On August 22.

2. Which program will you choose if you are good at crafts?

A. Elder Assistance. B. Early Childhood Education.

C. Health Care. D. Teach English.

3. What can a volunteer do in Health Care?

A. Assist doctors in sorting out medicines. B. Read stories to children aged one to five.

C. Participate in students’ cultural activities. D. Go to the supermarket with the elders.

B

I always wanted to be a firefighter. It seemed exciting to me. I like to be outside， lift heavy things and sleep on the ground!

In college， I got a job with the forest service. During my first week on the job， they asked if I wanted to get my red card (training for forest fires)， I said yes!

The training was a week long. I learned about the different types of fire crews (专业团队) and I remember the instructor saying hotshots were the top dogs. He said they had the most difficult and dangerous job and that you had to really prove yourself in order to be a hotshot. I was sold. I didn’t want to do anything else!

However， hotshot crew didn’t hire (雇用) people without fire experience. I returned home from training to Logan where the Logan Hotshots were based. I walked in and told the boss I wanted to be a hotshot and they should keep me in mind if they needed anyone.

The very next day I got a note saying the Hotshots were looking for me! A woman on their crew got injured and they needed a replacement... they were headed to a fire that day. They thought of me because I had just been there the day before.

We arrived at the fire near Provo， Utah at about 10 pm that night. We ended up working 40 hours， digging fire lines. I think I fell asleep standing up against my tool at one point.

My feet were covered in blisters (水疱) and the helicopter that was supposed to pick us up at the top of the mountain broke down and we had to walk miles!

To my delight， the crew liked me and hired me after that. I also met my husband that night! How cool that is!

4. What kind of person is the author?

A. Easy-going. B. Risk-loving. C. Well-educated. D. Simple-minded.

5. The author decided to become a hotshot .

A. when she started college B. after she returned to Logan

C. when she did her red card training D. after she finished the forest service

6. Why did the Logan Hotshots send a note to the author?

A. To ask her to replace an injured woman. B. To test her skills.

C. To express their satisfaction with her ability. D. To admire her rich experience.

7. How did the author find the firefighting that night?

A. Dangerous. B. Exciting. C. Hard. D. Unsuccessful.

C

Wearing a headset to play a virtual-reality game is fun. As you move your head around， you can see the scene from different angles. You’re in a fake environment that seems so real. But the power of VR may go well beyond entertainment. It just might help people who suffer from long time of pain， a new study finds.

“If VR can reduce some types of pain， it could become a new cure with fewer side effects than drugs，” says Sam Hughes， a psychologist at Imperial College London. “And it would be less expensive.”

Hughes’ group studies bone and muscle pain. One example is sciatica. Sciatica is a form of pain doctors call chronic pain， which is different from the hurt you feel when you hit your knee against a table or put your hand in very hot water. It is fairly long-lived pain and may even spread from an initial site to other body parts.

The researchers tested the pain-altering effect of virtual reality. Each volunteer accepted some form of temporary pain. The pain came from a special cream applied to the skin. The cream contained capsaicin (辣椒素). It’s the chemical in hot peppers that burns your mouth.

They then showed the volunteers a movie. Each volunteer would see the movie twice—once in 3D， while wearing a VR headset， and once on a normal 2D screen. The researchers randomly decided for each volunteer whether they watched the 2D or 3D version first. Using the 2D movie as the comparison allowed them to isolate the effect of VR. Watching the movie in VR reduced the pain in the skin area better than viewing the movie in 2D did. VR helped them tolerate (忍受) more pain in the area of the creamed skin. However， that pain reduction ended a few minutes after removing the VR headsets. The researchers wondered how well VR might reduce other types of pain.

8. What is one advantage of VR to reduce pain?

A. It’s much safer. B. It’s much faster.

C. It’s more convenient. D. It’s more functional.

9. What does the underlined word “chronic” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Sudden. B. Long-term. C. Light." D. Sharp.

10. Why was the special cream used in the experiment?

A. To find chemicals in hot peppers. B. To bring comfort to volunteers.

C. To burn the volunteers’ mouth. D. To cause some temporary pain.

11. How was the test carried out?

A. By giving numbers. B. By using examples.

C. By making a comparison. D. By presenting research findings.

D

Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However， whether you are on the mountains， in the waves， or on the grassland， you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource hungry. Golf you may know consumes not only large areas of countryside， but also tons of water. Besides， all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (高尔夫球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example， in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain， golf is often held responsible for serious water shortages in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’ t need any special equipment except two good pairs of shoes， and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free， power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly， it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious， sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up， you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors， in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all， it’s free.

12. What do we learn about golf according to Paragraph 2?

① It is popular in Portugal and Spain." " " " " " " ② It can cause water shortages.

③ It needs lots of chemicals and energy." " " " " ④ It consumes too much space.

A. ②③④ B. ①②③ C. ①②④ D. ①③④

13. Why does the author use power walking as an example?

A. It is an outdoor sport. B. It improves our health.

C. It uses fewer resources. D. It is recommended by experts.

14. What sport is the author in favor of most probably?

A. Cycling around a lake. B. Motor racing in the desert.

C. Playing golf in a golf course. D. Swimming in a sports center.

15. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Be a Green Man B. Try Environment-Friendly Sports

C. The Way to Build Green Gyms D. The More You Exercise， the Better

阅读七选五

While traveling， there are many safety measures that all travelers should take. Advice is highly needed on everything from what to pack to how to protect yourself. 16 .

Don’t take the unfamiliar road. While part of the joy of exploring nature is seeing new and beautiful views， if your road trip includes a hike， stay on the marked path. Never give in to your curiosity to hike off-trail and in unfamiliar or unmarked areas. “ 17 ，” warned by Dr Velimir Petkov.

Pack clothing. In the morning， when you set out on your adventure， the temperature will likely be comfortable. As the sun reaches its highest point， you’ll start to sweat inside your car. 18 . That’s why experts recommend packing clothing for different temperatures.

Make sure you get enough sleep. Plenty of rest is necessary before a long car ride. “Do not drive while you are feeling sleepy. 19 ，” Petkov recommends. He also notes that even if you get the benefits of seven to eight hours of sleep， a little coffee can never hurt.

Protect your skin. You may not consider the sun while sitting in the car. The sunlight can go right through window glass and cause you to burn. 20 . Bahar Schmidt， founder of Eluxit Travel Agency， recommends making more efforts to protect your skin with sunscreen and drugs against insects.

A. You could get lost， injured or both

B. It is a wise choice to wear strong shoes

C. You would never enjoy the views without the tips

D. If you feel like a rest， pull over and take a short break

E. And at night， certain areas experience a sharp drop in degrees

F. And mosquitoes are also drawn when you’re outdoors at night

G. We spoke with travel experts for safety guide to getting on the road

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（五）

阅读理解

A

As well as hosting New Zealand’s largest and most populous city， the Auckland region features many attractive places.

Central Auckland

Central Auckland is a hub (中心) of urban delights set against beautiful coastal scenery. You can take a trip up the Sky Tower， the tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere. The adventurous can also try Sky Jump—New Zealand’s highest base jump—or the incredible Sky Walk where you’ll walk around the outside of the Sky Tower for extraordinary sightseeing.

Rangitoto Island

Emerging unexpectedly from the sea some 600 years ago， Rangitoto， with its distinctive shape and superb location just off the coast， is the youngest and largest volcano in the Auckland volcanic field. The island is a favorite destination for hikers and day-trippers. Walk up to the top， and you can see the black lava caves (熔岩洞) on your way up and don’t forget to bring a torch to explore them with the kids.

Great Barrier Island

Great Barrier Island is a large island with a small population. The wilderness areas are home to several unique plant and bird species. Most amazingly， the community on the island is not using the public supplies of electricity， gas or water， but entirely relying on renewable solar power and collection of freshwater.

Waiheke Island

In landscape， lifestyle and experience， Waiheke is a world away. The three white sandy beaches are perfect for swimming， kayaking， or having a picnic. If you’re a walker， explore the island’s tracks which wind along cliff tops and into cool native forests. At the eastern end of the island， a walkway leads you to a system of World War Ⅱ gun emplacements (炮台) and underground tunnels.

1. Which place does an extreme sports lover probably prefer?

A. Central Auckland. B. Rangitoto Island. C. Great Barrier Island. D. Waiheke Island.

2. What makes Great Barrier Island special?

A. Being located off the coast. B. Being energy self-sufficient.

C. Being home to endangered species. D. Being with the least population.

3. What can visitors enjoy in both Rangitoto Island and Waiheke Island?

A. Black lava caves. B. White sandy beaches.

C. Hiking tracks. D. War-related sites.

B

Jon Pedley is making a big change. He is giving up his life as a successful businessman for life of helping others. He is trading his beautiful farmhouse in England for life in a mud hut (小屋) in Uganda， East Africa.

Pedley admits that he has not always led a very positive life. At times he drank too much and got in trouble with the law. “I’ve always put the pursuit (追求) of money in front of everything else. As long as I was all right， I didn’t care who I was hurting，” said Pedley.

But a visit to Uganda in 2007 gave Pedley a different attitude to life. He was amazed at what he saw and how much the people there appreciated the work he was doing. “I worked there for a few days and these people who have nothing thanked me by giving me bags of potatoes， which are a fortune for them，” he said.

Now Pedley is selling his business， his $15 million farmhouse， and his expensive car and moving into a hut made of mud and boards in a small Ugandan village. There he will help run an organization that hopes to improve the quality of life for people in the village of Kigazi. He will help to build schoolrooms for children and tanks to hold clean water for villagers. Today， people in Kigazi must walk two miles to a hospital， so Pedley will help to build doctors’ offices， too.

Pedley’s organization will also work with English teenagers who are in trouble. The teens will be sent to a “camp” in Uganda that Pedley will run. The teens will live in mud huts and help to build water， health and education facilities for kids in Kigazi， many of whom have lost their parents due to poverty (贫穷) or disease. Pedley hopes the teens will see a side of life that might help them turn around their own lives and set them on a new and more positive path.

4. What word can best describe Pedley in the past?

A. Positive. B. Confident. C. Easy-going. D. Self-centered.

5. What will Pedley do in the small Ugandan village?

A. Grow potatoes with the local people. B. Help to attract more tourists.

C. Assist villagers with construction work. D. Teach English in the local school.

6. Why will Pedley work with English teenagers who are in trouble?

A. To make friends with them. B. To train them to master more skills.

C. To encourage them to live a positive life. D. To provide them with job opportunities.

7. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. A Grateful Businessman B. A Life-Changing Adventure

C. From Richness to Poverty D. From Millionaire to Mud Hut

C

Those who live in many parts of the eastern United States will experience an unusual phenomenon every 13 or 17 years. Depending on where you live， insects called cicadas (蝉) come out of the ground in huge numbers. But don’t worry. They don’t hurt people or pets. They’re just here to party.

It’s one of the loudest insect parties you’ll ever see—or hear. When large numbers of adult insects appear， the collective noise made by males can reach 90 decibels. “Where the cicadas get together， it will be spectacular，” Michael Raupp told Science News for Students. He is a professor at the University of Maryland. Across some small areas， cicada concentrations may reach 1 trillion insects per square mile. That’s like having nearly 4 million cicadas emerge from an area of the ground the size of your bedroom floor.

There are more than 3，000 species of these insects. The best-known species in North America are periodical cicadas. These 5-centimeter-long insects spend more than 99 percent of their life underground. There， they take in nutrition from the roots of certain trees. These underground young are known as nymphs (幼虫). Adult cicadas live for only two to four weeks. During that brief time， the females lay eggs in the young branches of trees. After a few weeks， the young drop to the ground. At once， each tiny nymph begins digging holes to go underground.

You might think that large numbers of cicadas taking in nutrition from the roots of trees for an extended period would harm plants. But Raupp said， “It’s a wonder that we don’t see more damage.” And to date， research has not shown that the underground activities of cicadas cause significant damage to their hosts.

In fact， cicadas probably help the environment， instead of hurting it. Raupp noted that they could dig up the ground and loosen the soil (松土). That not only helps air reach plant roots but also helps water move through the soil deeply.

8. What will happen in many parts of the US every 13 or 17 years?

A. Many pets will get sick because of cicadas. B. A festival about insects will be celebrated.

C. A large number of cicadas will appear. D. Some kinds of insects will die out.

9. What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Impressive. B. Dangerous. C. Strange. D. Horrible.

10. Why do young cicadas dig holes?

A. To keep away from danger. B. To go underground to lay eggs.

C. To stay warm in cold weather. D. To find plant roots to feed on.

11. What can we learn about cicadas?

A. The young are used to living in trees. B. The adults will do harm to certain trees.

C. They can actually help plants grow better. D. They cause some pollution to the soil.

D

The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species， tens of thousands of plants， and some 2，000 birds and mammals. To date， at least 40，000 plant species， 3，000 fish， 1，294 birds， 427 mammals， 428 amphibians， and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified (分类) in the region. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.

The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years， and thrived even during glacial periods， allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity (多样性) of species. Radiocarbon dating has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old， and some trees over 1，000 years old， indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.

The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11，200 years ago. European explorers arrived in the 16th century， bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves， killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants (原住民). By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.

The Amazon rainforest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. But due to deforestation (滥伐森林)， rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth’s land surface， and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change. Severe deforestation began in the 20th century， with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000. Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture. The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation， and at the present rate， scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.

12. Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A. To prove the forest untouched. B. To attract more attention.

C. To show the diversity of species. D. To classify species scientifically.

13. Why did most of the natives in the Amazon region die?

A. They lost their home. B. The explorers treated them badly.

C. Their living environment was damaged. D. The explorers brought diseases there.

14. What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?

A. It has the largest number of species. B. It is being endangered now.

C. It covers over 5% of the Earth’s surface. D. It is becoming a little larger in area.

15. What may be included in the following paragraph?

A. Examples of destroying forests. B. Measures to protect rainforests.

C. New inhabitants in the Amazon region. D. Ways to stop global warming.

阅读七选五

Would you like to get funding for a project of your own—maybe a film or help for a friend in need? Plan your pitch (宣传). 16 Here are some steps you can take to make your pitch stand out in a crowd.

17 Nothing is more important than to be involved in a community of people with the same interest—whether it’s through articles， videos， or social media. To increase traffic for your site， try posting interviews with experts who do projects like yours. Or join in online discussions connected with your project. When you’ve built a community and kept it up， it’s time to make your pitch.

Get emotional. Funders like ideas that make them laugh or think. A lot of campaigns out there are competing for attention. 18 And then try it out on family and friends. Not only can they give you advice， but they may also be your first funders.

Make a plan. You need to plan how the money will be spent， a timeline and the right crowdfunding (众筹) platform to make your pitch. Consider how much each site charges. 19

Keep your funders involved. Don’t just say thank you—offer rewards. 20 Make sure that your rewards are things you can actually achieve. Funders care about your project—keep them updated， ask their advice， and suggest they tell their friends about your project.

A. Ask experts for advice.

B. Build your online community.

C. They can be as simple as a T-shirt.

D. By doing so， you can get others to support your project.

E. Work on a pitch that touches people’s hearts and minds in seconds.

F. We all want someone to accept our ideas and give us the go ahead.

G. You should also consider whether your project is successful on the sites.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（六）

阅读理解

A

For those who love the thrill of overhead fireworks， here is a chance to appreciate some fireworks shows. Some are one-night events， while others are part of multi-day carnivals.

Annual Carnival

The event is part of the annual fundraiser for the poor and free for all. It features an additional concert followed by a fireworks display at 7:30 pm on October 10 at Town Park at Point Lookout. On the same day at 8:30 pm， watch fireworks over the bay.

Empire State Fair

See fireworks at Nassau Live Center in Uniondale. The fair features the royal circus with many foreign animals， kid game shows， amusement rides， and attractions from 7 pm to 10 pm on October 20. Admission is $10; free for children under 36 inches.

Memorial Fireworks Show

Watch fireworks at Firemen’s Memorial Field in Valley Stream. Gates open at 7 pm on November l， lasting three days， and admission is $15 for all; $10 in advance; purchase your tickets at Henry Waldinger Memorial Library， Valley Stream Community Center or Valley Stream Village Hall.

Riverhead Raceway Celebration

There will be a kid race open at 5:30 pm and the fireworks opening ceremony starts at 6 pm on November 20. The fireworks shows begin at dusk at the Riverhead Raceway and last four days. Admission is $20 for adults; $10 for children aged 6—12; free for children aged 5 and under.

Click here to contact us and know more detailed information about the events.

1. Which event is part of the charity?

A. Annual Carnival. B. Empire State Fair.

C. Memorial Fireworks Show. D. Riverhead Raceway Celebration.

2. What is special about Empire State Fair?

A. It offers an outdoor concert. B. It features a fireworks show.

C. It requires payment in advance. D. It includes animal performance.

3. How much should a couple with 8-year-old twins pay for Riverhead Raceway Celebration?

A. $25. B. $30. C. $45. D. $60.

B

For most people， having property stolen feels like a disaster. Robbie Pruitt admitted when his mountain bike was stolen last September， he got mad. But so enough， his emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger， he found himself on a road to compassion (同情) instead.

As a biker， Pruitt’s first priority was to buy one again， but when he went bike shopping， he found the pickings slim. The scarcity in stock got him thinking: What if the person who’d taken his had done so because he truly needed transportation to get to work?

With that thought in mind， Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it to a local Facebook group. He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. Pruitt also put out a call for bikes people don’t use， which he would repair—again for free—and then donate to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the budget to buy a bike outright.

The day the post went live， Pruitt was excited about a list of 30 used bicycles. The initial influx (涌入) was followed by more than 500 posts from people who either had bikes to donate or that needed fixing soon after. By the end of the month， Pruitt had repaired more than 140 bikes for donation.

In addition to practical skills， Pruitt’s lessons teach teamwork， encourage self-esteem， and foster feelings of community. “Pruitt is certainly providing a service， but it’s not the bikes. It’s the relationships in the community. It’s the impact he made on people. All the neighborhood kids are spending a lot more time doing something that’s in their power，” Pruitt’s next-door neighbor Danny told The Washington Post.

4. How did Pruitt feel after he went to the bike shop?

A. He was angry at the thief. B. He became eager for a new bike.

C. He would rather find his old bike. D. He felt compassion for the thief.

5. What does the underlined word “scarcity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Variety. B. Shortage. C. Quality. D. Advantage.

6. Why did Pruitt put out a call?

A. To find his lost bike. B. To collect unemployed bikes.

C. To raise money for charity. D. To advertise his bike repair shop.

7. Which of the following can best describe Pruitt?

A. Caring and inspiring. B. Thoughtful and polite.

C. Outgoing and brave. D. Responsible and humorous.

C

Vinegar (醋) is great. It makes salad， fries and dumplings taste better， and you can even clean your windows with it. And now， according to scientists， it may even help the planet’s population survive climate change.

Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan have found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future， worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower.

The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis， a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions， it produced a chemical called acetate—the main component (成分) of vinegar.

After discovering this， the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants， before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days， they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived， while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive.

And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away， hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.

8. What can we learn about Arabidopsis from the text?

A. It produces acetate in wet conditions. B. It can survive in nowhere but desert.

C. It is mainly composed of acetate. D. It can be resistant to drought.

9. Why did the scientists add acetate to the soil?

A. To treat the dried-up plants. B. To stop the plants from drying up.

C. To help the plants grow stronger. D. To check its effectiveness to resist drought.

10. What is the author’s attitude to the discovery?

A. Objective. B. Unsupportive. C. Optimistic. D. Distrustful.

11. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Vinegar May End Hunger B. Vinegar and Food

C. How to Survive Climate Change D. Advantages and Functions of Vinegar

D

Giant pandas are among the most lovable animals alive today. Unlike their relatives， such as the polar bear， pandas don’t eat meat but survive on a diet of bamboo. So why and how have pandas abandoned their taste for meat to pick up a vegetarian diet?

Pandas today don’t usually eat meat. However， they’ve kept much of their meal-eating adaptations from times past. Their digestive systems (消化系统) have not changed much from their meat-eating days. Out of the huge 12.5 kg of bamboo a panda eats in a single day， only about 17% of it is digested. To survive， pandas eat large amounts of bamboo while having a low-metabolic (新陈代谢的)， lazy lifestyle to make up for the poor energy return.

The giant panda’s shift to a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivation (失活) of a specific gene—TAS1R1， which provides them with the ability to taste certain amino acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivation in pandas would lead to a dietary change.

Pandas have evolved to a great degree to cope with their relatively recent bamboo-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize long and thin pieces of bamboo shoots. To assist with this， they have developed a long “fake-thumb”. So giant pandas have six fingers in each paw， which provides better support for them to seize objects such as bamboo in one paw quickly. Researchers have found that the surface of the panda’s tongue is different. While other bears and many meat-eating animals have smooth tongues， pandas have evolved tiny projections on the surface of their tongues that serve to file down food. This is especially useful for pandas as they remove the outer cover of bamboo.

Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive， go back to eating meat， or disappear in the wild. Whatever the future holds， we can be grateful that， for the time being， we get to share our planet with these adorable animals.

12. Why are the numbers mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A. To illustrate the variety of food for pandas.

B. To represent the evolutionary rule of pandas.

C. To describe the changes in pandas’ living environment.

D. To show the ineffectiveness of pandas’ digestive system.

13. What caused pandas’ change in diet?

A. The low-metabolic ability. B. The amino acids in meat.

C. The TAS1R1 gene’s inactivation. D. The supplies of bamboo.

14. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Seizing bamboo shoots. B. The vegetarian diet.

C. Developing more fingers. D. The low energy return.

15. Which aspect of pandas does Paragraph 4 focus on?

A. The preference for bamboo. B. The evolutionary feature of eating.

C. The unique lifestyle. D. The special appearance.

阅读七选五

Simplicity is a lifestyle that takes away the unimportant things in your life. It removes or changes those things that cause you to feel stressed-out， and allow you to absolutely focus on what’s important. Of course， no one can suddenly lead a simple life. 16 Here are three excellent benefits.

17

Unfortunately， it’s easy for us to fall into the comparison trap. Studies show that comparison may cause pressure， depression and anxiety. When you live a life of simplicity， you’ll feel a rebirth of the soul. You’ll definitely know what’s important and what isn’t， and focus on things that make you happy.

Simplicity helps you feel content and happy.

18 It gives you a strong sense of freedom and warmth. When you lead a simple life， you tend to feel satisfied with who you are and your situation in life. It doesn’t mean you’re not hard-working or interested in improving your life. Content people aren’t driven by an unhealthy schedule. They do what they need to do peacefully. When you’re satisfied， you don’t care if what you’re doing is popular or what society says you should do. 19

Simplicity helps you enjoy small things.

When you choose to live a simple lifestyle， you’ll slow down your life and enjoy its little moments in an absolutely new way. 20 Remember， though life is hard sometimes， slow down your life and enjoy little things that can bring you joy.

A. Contentment is a satisfying calm.

B. Simplicity says “no” to social pressures.

C. Simplicity helps you to stop comparing.

D. It takes time and effort but it’s worth the journey.

E. In other words， simplicity helps you feel satisfied.

F. You actually live according to the current popular trends.

G. You’ll feel free to enjoy a sunset or go for a walk in the rain.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（七）

阅读理解

A

Learn to Swim

Knowing how to swim prevents drowning (溺水) and improves your health， fitness， and safety. To help teach New Yorkers to swim， the New York City Department of Parks amp; Recreation is offering swimming lessons to children (6 to 17 years old) at our indoor pools.

Cost

Free with an NYC Parks Recreation Center membership. All Learn to Swim participants， including children and their parents， must be members of the recreation center.

About the Classes

• Your child must be 6 years of age on the first day of class in order to participate in the program. Please make sure to bring a legal document (法律文件) with the date of birth listed for the child on the day of the first class. Documents will be returned after confirmation is completed.

• There are classes at two different times: on Saturdays， and after school from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm.

• All participants must take a water test on October 30th for the fall term， January 1st for the winter term， and March 29th for the spring term to determine class level. Missing the water test will result in a first absence.

• If a child misses the water test and the first day of class， they will be dropped from the session. Participants who miss two continuous classes will be dropped from the program.

• Level Ⅰ: Children at this level learn basic skills， such as getting into and leaving the water， controlling their breath， moving through the water and what to do in case of an emergency.

• Level Ⅱ: Children at this level learn to swim without assistance. They’ll be able to understand dangerous water conditions and how to help a swimmer in a water emergency.

1. Who can take part in Learn to Swim lessons?

A. Teenagers under age 17. B. Parents eager to learn swimming.

C. Members of the recreation center. D. Students in the New York City.

2. What must participants do before swimming lessons?

A. Do a water test at home. B. Promise not to miss classes.

C. Hand in their school reports. D. Prove their age with formal papers.

3. What will participants learn about besides swimming?

A. Ways to help when needed. B. The importance of teamwork.

C. The value of appreciation. D. Competitive spirit.

B

Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four-lane highway to fit wildlife cameras， when she gets stuck in the mud. “I am really stuck，” says the road ecology student， trying to pull her feet out of a stream bed that travels through the concrete culvert (涵洞) of Quebec Route 117. “I do not want to be a deer going through that.”

Bolduc’s bad experience makes the risks for wild animals using the same path evident.

A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes (纬度地区) to remain within their desirable environments， but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas， such as highways. In eastern Canada， Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors (走廊) for wildlife.

The motion-activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnels. An outward-facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter， perhaps prevented by traffic noise， the tunnel’s size or other factors.

Bolduc explains that this highway running through southern Quebec separates a series of Canadian national and regional parks on either side， along with their animal populations. “It’s super important，” she notes， “because the animals want to move north and they encounter these and then can they move through? Will they get hit by a car? We’ll need to figure that out. And we need to help them. At least I want to help them.”

After finishing fitting their cameras on the northbound side of the highway， Bolduc and her team decide they need an alternate path to the other side to avoid another misfortune in the mud. “We’re generally trying to be safe，” Bolduc says， “but for the animals， this is their life!”

4. What can we learn from Bolduc’s experience of being trapped?

A. It is difficult to fit wildlife cameras.

B. She is out of luck during the exploration.

C. Road conditions of the highway are unexpected.

D. It is dangerous for wild animals to cross this area.

5. What do the animals move to higher latitudes for?

A. Less traffic noise. B. Favorable environments.

C. Warmer climate. D. Safe corridors.

6. What is the function of the motion-activated cameras?

A. To photograph wild animals in danger. B. To record the changes in traffic flow.

C. To figure out difficulties wild animals face. D. To record animals in and around the tunnels.

7. What can be the best title for the text?

A. High Tech Protects Wildlife B. Animal Migration Is Under Threat

C. Ecologists Fear the Future of Wildlife D. Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to Migrate

C

The Ice Cream Machine is no ordinary tale. It’s a flavorful book made up of six stories， all of which have the same title， but each has a different story centering on one subject， ice cream.

One ice cream story focuses on a boy and his robot in the distant future. Another is about a father and daughter who invent an ice cream machine. My favorite story in the book talks about two sisters， Pam and Penelope， who try to enter an ice-cream-eating contest. The six stories go with black-and-white illustrations (插图) from six different artists.

The Ice Cream Machine is inventive and fun. Its author， Adam Rubin， has a lot of experience when it comes to writing about food. His most famous children’s book is Dragons Love Tacos. It was a No. 1 New York Times best-seller. “I like to write about food because it’s universally beloved by people of all different cultures，” Rubin says. “It’s something we can all relate to.”

Rubin hopes The Ice Cream Machine inspires kids to write. Its jacket turns into an envelope in which readers can send him their stories. Rubin says writers should write about things they like. “If you’re trying to write something that someone else likes， you might not get it right. Then no one’s happy，” he says. “But if you focus on writing about something that you like， then it’s fun. When it makes you happy， your writing will bring joy.”

I recommend The Ice Cream Machine to anyone who likes creative storytelling. The book goes down just like ice cream， smooth， enjoyable， and with a pleasant aftertaste.

Rubin’s favorite flavor of ice cream? “Chocolate chip，” he says. Don’t tell him， but the best flavor is actually birthday cake!

8. Why does Rubin like writing about food?

A. People around the world show interest in it. B. It is the material base of human life.

C. It is the symbol of different cultures. D. Many different books focus on it.

9. What does Rubin inspire children to write about?

A. Something connected with food. B. Things other people like.

C. Things that happens to them. D. Something they enjoy.

10. What can we learn about The Ice Cream Machine from the text?

A. It has six stories with different titles. B. It contains many colorful illustrations.

C. It is a No. 1 New York Times best-seller. D. It is written in a style of creative storytelling.

11. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Six flavors in one book. B. The writer of No. 1 best-seller.

C. The best flavor of ice cream. D. Rubin’s favorite story in a book.

D

Bee protection is a big issue these days in America， with people planting native pollinator (授粉者) gardens， setting up bee houses， and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason—in North America， a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.

No Mow May， a movement that began in the UK， is now rapidly spreading throughout the US. Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a little help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn (草坪) grow for the month of May. This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions (蒲公英) grow at a time when bee food is rare.

Dandelions， despite being pretty and useful， are non-native. Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth? Here’s the basic answer—don’t let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”. Sure， it would be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants， but that can take lots of time and money.

While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May， other plants， including native species， may also appear in your lawn. “Besides dandelions， there are many other plants that are going to be there，” says Dr Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

In Massachusetts， scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns， 30 percent of which were native to the state. Most Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture， which allows no flowers. “No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature. We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs， and realize flowers play really important roles，” says Dr Claudio Gratton.

12. What is the background to No Mow May in the US?

A. No-native bee species are increasing. B. There is a tendency to protect bees.

C. Bees mainly depend on garden plants. D. More people have no time to cut lawns.

13. What do we know about No Mow May?

A. It needs almost no cost. B. Few Americans support it.

C. It is aimed at planting dandelions. D. It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.

14. What does the underlined phrase “poster child” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. General rule. B. Rare exception. C. Typical example. D. Difficult problem.

15. Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture?

A. A bee-friendly lawn. B. A regularly cut lawn.

C. A lawn growing naturally. D. A lawn with native flowers.

阅读七选五

Sports day! These two words can inspire both joy and fear in the hearts of students everywhere. 16 And it’s also the chance to bag a prize or two. For others， it might feel like having to take part in something they aren’t good at.

Today， more and more schools have recognized the importance of exercise. Many of them have non-competitive sports days. They hope that by making sports days less competitive， children of all abilities will be encouraged to take part without fear of losing. Exercise and fitness are important for everyone， no matter how good at sports you are. 17

However， some people feel that it’s important that sport has winners and that learning to lose is just as important as learning how to win. 18 Particularly， on a sports day when this is your chance to really prove yourself!

19 According to a 2017 survey by Families Online， 82% of parents say they prefer “traditional” competitive sports days. Many adults feel that children can learn valuable lessons in both winning and losing. It’s also an opportunity for some children to show their physical and sporting skills.

People have different ideas about whether it is the winning or the taking part that counts when it comes to school sports days. 20 We want to know your ideas.

A. What’s the point if no one wins?

B. Should sport just be about winning?

C. For many， the sports day can be a great day of fun.

D. So， should School Sports Day be competitive or not?

E. Everyone should be celebrated for trying and playing their part.

F. There are lots of people who agree with the idea—parents in particular!

G. Many parents are worried that their kids can get injured when doing sports.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（八）

阅读理解

A

Many art museums offer virtual tours and other ways to access (访问) their collections. Here are some museums you can virtually visit from the comfort of your home.

The Louvre (Paris， France)

One of the most famous and largest museums in the world， the Louvre， offers a selection of online tours of its exhibition rooms， galleries， and even its glass pyramid (金字塔). For example， explore the recently restored Galerie d’Apollon. Access the virtual Louvre by going directly to the museum’s website for online tours.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City， the US)

The Met has a collection that represents more than 5，000 years of art worldwide. Online， the museum has six videos that explore different parts of the museum through their Met 360° Project. The app and website 82nd and Fifth has its own collection of short videos， each focused on specific pieces in the collection， while MetKids features online art-related activities for little ones.

The Guggenheim (New York City， the US and Bilbao， Spain)

While you may not be able to see the famous building first hand， you can view more than 1，700 pieces of art by 625 artists from the museum’s various locations through the Guggenheim’s online collection on your computer. The pieces are searchable by artist， medium， time period， movement， and special collection.

The Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam， the Netherlands)

The major works of great Dutch painters are on display in the Rijksmuseum. Besides a visit in person， you can still see the museum’s highlights virtually. You can also walk through the museum virtually， thanks to Google’s street view.

1. How can one access short videos about specific objects in the collection?

A. Through MetKids. B. Through 82nd and Fifth.

C. By using Met 360° Project. D. By visiting Galerie d’Apollon.

2. Which museum has more than one location?

A. The Louvre. B. The Guggenheim.

C. The Rijksmuseum. D. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

3. What can visitors enjoy on a virtual visit to the Rijksmuseum?

A. The glass pyramid and Galerie d’Apollon. B. Over 5，000 years of art around the world.

C. Important works of great Dutch painters. D. Over 1，700 pieces of art by 625 artists.

B

Kyle Semrau came home on the morning of April 12 after an overnight shift feeling light-headed. He told his wife he would be lying low for the day， joined by his 6-year-old daughter， Macie.

On a normal day， Macie would have been at school， but that particular morning she had refused to even get dressed for school， so she stayed home. It turns out that her unexplained want to stay home was for the best.

Later in the day， Semrau suddenly fell down because of a medical event that caused him to slip in and out of consciousness (意识). Macie learned her dad was in trouble when she heard him shouting loudly. In a moment while Semrau was conscious， Macie asked her dad for his phone passcode so she could unlock the device. She logged in， opened the browser (浏览器)， and phoned the local police department.

Macie sent on the relevant information， including their address， to Judy Smith， the Eliot Police Department’s administrative assistant who answered the phone.

“That’s really lucky，” Semrau told Boston 25 News. “I still have it saved. If you open up my browser， that’s the way it is spelled， ‘Eliot poliz’. She pushed the call button， which actually goes right to the dispatcher (调度员) here in town.”

The police arrived two minutes after Macie called.

Semrau’s medical emergency was due to issues with his sinusitis， which led to difficulty breathing. He is now home and doing well.

“If I can say anything about this whole experience， it’s for everyone to teach kids about awareness. If I hadn’t taught my daughter certain things she wouldn’t learn in school， this outcome could have been completely different，” Semrau told Boston.com. “She is， and will always be my hero.”

4. Why did Macie refuse to go to school that day?

A. She felt ill. B. She wanted to help her father.

C. She did that for no reason. D. She intended to have fun at home.

5. Which words can describe Macie?

A. Calm and capable. B. Careful and smart.

C. Brave and responsible. D. Talented and skillful.

6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The browser. B. Semrau’s address.

C. Semrau’s telephone. D. The phone number of the police.

7. What enabled Macie to save her father according to the last paragraph?

A. Her strong love for her father. B. What she had learned at school.

C. Her previous similar experience. D. The awareness taught about by her father.

C

The idea of people’s taking photographs in front of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers or Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus was once considered so unsatisfactory that galleries banned visitors from using selfie" sticks. However， the disgust (反感) at social media platforms such as Instagram has turned into a bit of a love affair—with one galley creating a session to help visitors take better photos and videos to share with their followers.

The Old Royal Naval College， in Greenwich， southeast London， is reducing visitor numbers on Mondays for its Museum of the Moon artwork “for those looking for the perfect Insta shot”. The college， which is displaying a seven-meter model of the moon， created by the artist Luke Jerram， tells ticket holders: “Posting， influencer photo shoots and selfies are encouraged.” Sarah Codrington， head of marketing at the college， said “Social Media Mondays” were partly about appealing to influencers but also freeing up the rest of the week for visitors who might be inconvenienced by people dressing themselves up for their Instagram feed.

Jerram， whose Museum of the Moon has been displayed in numerous venues， said， “I had not been consulted (咨询) about ‘Social Media Mondays’ but approved.” He said he welcomed selfie-takers because they usually put away their cameras after ten minutes and engaged with the work. “People are going to have their close encounter with the moon， not necessarily to see an artwork，” he said.

Brian Sewell， the late art critic， once was disappointed that it was impossible to see paintings “because people are too busy taking photos”. But Jerram said galleries should embrace it. “Now everyone is their own media and broadcasting company，” he said. “They are broadcasting their experience of the world.”

8. What can we learn about the gallery mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A. It encourages visitors to use Instagram. B. It assists visitors in taking photographs.

C. It prevents visitors from using selfie sticks. D. It charges visitors for sharing photographs.

9. What is the purpose of “Social Media Mondays”?

A. To sell more tickets. B. To attract influencers of media.

C. To show the model of the moon. D. To meet different needs of visitors.

10. What can we infer from Jerram’s words in the last paragraph?

A. Everyone can broadcast themselves. B. He is proud of Museum of the Moon.

C. Selfie-takers prefer to enjoy artworks. D. He disagrees with “Social Media Mondays”.

11. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Useful tips on taking photographs. B. Galleries’ support for taking selfies.

C. The importance of using social media. D. A guide to visiting artworks in galleries.

D

Australia officially listed koalas across its eastern coast as “endangered” on Friday. Conservationists said koala populations had crashed in much of eastern Australia over the past two decades， warning that they were now sliding towards extinction.

The koala， a globally recognized symbol of Australia’s unique wildlife， had been listed as “vulnerable” (易危) on the eastern coast just a decade earlier. “We are taking extraordinary action to protect the koala，” the Minister of Environment， Sussan Ley said， highlighting a recent government promise of Aus$50 million to protect and recover koala habitats.

Environmentalists welcomed the koalas’ new status (地位) but blamed Australia’s failure to protect the species so far. “Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable to endangered within a decade. That is a shockingly fast decline，” said WWF-Australia conservation scientist Stuart Blanch. “Today’s decision is welcome， but it won’t stop koalas from sliding towards extinction unless it’s accompanied by stronger laws to protect their forest homes.”

Alexia Wellbelove of the Humane Society International said east coast koalas could be extinct by 2050 if no action was taken. “We can’t afford any more clearing，” she said. “The extinction of koalas does not have to happen，” she added. “We must stop allowing their homes to be cleared for mines， new houses， agricultural projects and industrial logging (伐木).”

Australia’s koalas had been living on a “knife edge” even before the “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019—2020 because of land-clearing， drought， disease， car strikes and dog attacks， said Josey Sharrad， wildlife campaign manager at the International Fund for Animal Welfare. “We should never have allowed things to get to the point where we are at risk of losing a national symbol，” Sharrad said. “The bushfires were the final straw. This must be a wake-up call to Australia and the government to move much faster to protect critical habitat from development and land-clearing， and seriously deal with the impacts of climate change.”

12. Why did environmentalists welcome the koalas’ new status?

A. To stop koalas from being killed. B. To call to protect koalas.

C. To blame the government’s failure. D. To recover koalas’ living places.

13. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Land-clearing costs a lot of money. B. Homes for koalas should be offered.

C. Land-clearing can cause koalas to die out. D. Little money can be spent on wildlife protection.

14. How did Sharrad feel about the present state of koalas?

A. Disappointed. B. Concerned. C. Annoyed. D. Satisfied.

15. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Koalas: Australia’s National Symbol B. Koalas Will Live on a Knife Edge

C. Bushfires: Koala Killers in Australia D. Australia Lists Koalas as Endangered

阅读七选五

How to Create Your Own Family Traditions

Sometimes we follow certain family traditions because we simply have nothing else to put in its place. However， when there are changes in the family， it forces us to examine our old traditions. So how do you find new traditions to introduce?

16 There’s no point throwing the baby out with the bath water， so think of any traditions from your past that you do want to carry on. You can pick out the best and leave those you are not so fond of behind.

Tailor (迎合) around your family’s likes and interests. It is a sure-fire way to ensure everyone is going to enjoy themselves and maybe even continue the tradition. Whatever your family enjoy， you can personalize your tradition to involve the elements that the whole family enjoy. 17

Search the world for ideas. 18 It doesn’t mean you can’t adopt a foreign idea just because it isn’t your culture. No matter what the foreign traditions are， there’s no reason why you can’t make them yours also.

Do what your friends do. One way to find ideas is to ask friends what they do. 19 And the conversation with them could even bring an invitation to join them in their traditions.

20 Finding the right traditions that work for your family can take some time to figure out. For it to become a tradition， it needs to be continued year after year. So， before you make the final decision， try it out for fit for a few years and think about how it will work in the future.

A. Keep it achievable for the long term.

B. Take the best of the old， and leave the rest.

C. Take inspiration from your family members.

D. So it doesn’t matter if it looks different to other families.

E. There are different cultures and traditions around the world.

F. However， family traditions mean something special to your family.

G. Generally， they could help come up with local activities and suggestions.

16. " 17. " 18. " 19. " 20.

（九）

阅读理解

A

Teenage Summer Camps

We helped on a nature reserve for a week. We did different things every day， including cutting the reeds (芦苇) by the lake. Every day， we took turns to cook， in teams of five. When it was our team’s turn， we made a simple dinner of pasta and salad for everyone. Judging by the fact that there was none left， we didn’t do too badly!

—Adam

We stayed with families who had kids of our own age， and because they were on a mid-term break， they came with us on all the trips. So except when we were actually in a language class， we were spending time with our new friends. It was a great way to practice English we had been working on in the classroom.

—Oliver

Every morning we had the same breakfast， and then cleaned up the camp. When it was all completely tidy， we could head off for the day. The first time we went into the city， we were put into teams and given lists of things to spot， like statues， squares and other landmarks. With some help from the locals， my team found almost all of the things on our list and came second. We went to different museums and galleries in and around the city every day. It was a great chance to learn about another country and its history.

—Sarah

1. What can we learn about the food Adam’s team made?

A. It tasted bad. B. It was popular.

C. It seemed unhealthy. D. It was Adam’s favorite.

2. What did Oliver find great?

A. Staying with the local families. B. Helping the kids learn English.

C. Making friends with the locals. D. Practicing English with the locals.

3. What did Sarah’s team do?

A. They took a language course. B. They helped protect wild animals.

C. They made a cultural tour. D. They enjoyed the natural scenery.

B

When the fork was stolen off Bart Michiels’s mountain bike last summer， he wheeled it nearly three miles from his home in Chelsea to Frank’s Bike Shop on the eastern end of Grand Street.

Mr Michiels passed many other bike shops along the way， including one that offers free coffee. But for 20 years， he has remained devoted to Frank’s. “Frank’s the man，” he said of Frank Arroyo， the owner. “I don’t care where he is in the city—I’ll go.”

Mr Michiels doesn’t have to worry about Mr Arroyo’s relocating. The shop has stayed on the Lower East Side of Manhattan for 40 years.

After Mr Michiels left， Marvin Priess arrived. A professor of chemistry and math， Mr Priess wheeled in the Ross 18-speed he had bought at Frank’s in 1978 and still rides today， at age 68. Mr Priess said that over the years， every single part of it that couldn’t be repaired had been replaced， sometimes more than once， at Frank’s. Customers don’t come for the ambience (环境). It’s crowded and dirty; buckets of parts and boxes of training wheels line the entryway.

The store is filled with about 500 bikes and you will find Mr Arroyo， 72， six days a week. He has been in the bike business since age 14. Born and raised on the Lower East Side， he has employed and taught many young people in the neighborhood. He is also willing to repair bikes in any condition， as well as his neighbors’ walkers and wheelchairs.

English Epps， a lawyer， needed a new seat; his had been stolen. “I’ve been coming here since I was in the third grade，” he said， adding， “There’s a new bike shop on Delancey Street， but everybody comes here.”

4. Why did Bart Michiels wheel his bike to Frank’s Bike Shop?

A. It is near his home. B. It offers free coffee.

C. Its owner is his friend. D. Its service is excellent.

5. What can we learn about Mr Priess’s bike?

A. It is too old to ride. B. It is dirty but fashionable.

C. It was recently bought at Frank’s. D. It has gone through many repairs.

6. What words can best describe Mr Arroyo?

A. Skilled and caring. B. Careful and brave.

C. Positive and talkative. D. Well-educated and friendly.

7. What can we infer from English Epps’s words?

A. Bike repair is needed badly. B. Frank’s Bike Shop is popular.

C. There is little market for new bikes. D. Frank’s Bike Shop faces strong competition.

C

In a small house in Belgrade， a teenage girl is drying her hair， while two others eat nearby. It is another busy day for Svratiste， which is Belgrade’s first center for children who live on the streets. For years， the building has provided warmth and shelter for the city’s most ignored children.

Since opening in 2007， Svratiste has welcomed hundreds of children， some as young as five years old. They come here to warm up， wash or eat. The kids that come to the center are all aged 5 to 15. What’s common for all of them is that they work in the street and live in extreme poverty. Also very few ever go to school.

Svratiste’s team of 13 social workers， psychologists and other experts have welcomed more than 1，400 children over the years. Money for the group’s operations comes from donations. Some people regularly bring in clothes and other aid. The group recently set up another center in a new part of town. Usually， the two centers are open every day. But both were sealed off because of restrictions when the pandemic started. When Belgrade reopened， most of the children came back.

The Svratiste team has tried to help the children get to know their city by visiting playgrounds and theaters. An important effort has been to include them in the education system and make sure they stay. Bosko Markovic， now 18， first came to Svratiste five years ago. With the center’s help， he has finished high school and now wants to be a policeman. Therefore， Svratiste has made him a better person.

8. What can we learn about Svratiste?

A. It is a barbershop free for kids. B. It is a place for poor and homeless kids.

C. It is a street full of working kids. D. It is a restaurant designed for kids.

9. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. The kids Svratiste helps. B. The way Svratiste helps the kids.

C. The efforts Svratiste has made. D. Svratiste’s team members.

10. What does the underlined phrase “sealed off” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Changed. B. Divided. C. Closed. D. Decorated.

11. What can we infer about Bosko Markovic?

A. He has an impractical dream. B. He will repay Svratiste for its help.

C. He benefits a lot from Svratiste. D. He plans to attend college in his city.

D

A big part of the Pacific Ocean is suffering from a huge sea of plastic garbage (垃圾)， which some scientists think is as large as the United States， but almost no one noticed it until 1997.

Charles Moore was the captain of a sailboat that had just completed a race. He planned to sail home from Hawaii to California. He didn’t follow the usual route to the south， and then east， but sailed directly east—a slower route with weak winds and few visitors. So Moore was sailing into almost unknown waters.

To his shock， Moore found a “soup” of plastic garbage under the ocean’s surface. Everyday plastic garbage， such as shopping bags and water bottles， were trapped among the tiny pieces. The sea of garbage reached out as far as Moore could see.

Oceanographers (海洋学家) are not surprised that garbage collects in the North Pacific. A pattern of winds and currents (水流)， called the North Pacific Gyre， gathers this garbage. Water in the gyre goes round and round in a clockwise pattern， and anything that gets into the middle of it is trapped.

Some oceanographers have questions to Moore. Why didn’t satellite pictures show the area? Where did all this plastic come from? Is it really a problem? Moore learned some answers during return trips to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Satellites don’t see the plastic because most of it is hidden under the ocean’s surface. Some of the plastic comes from ships， but most of it is washed into the ocean from cities beside the Pacific.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a real problem because the plastic in it is harmful to animals. Once fish and birds eat the plastic， poisonous chemicals will get into their bodies and make them sick or even kill them.

12. When did Moore find the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

A. On his way home. B. During one of his races.

C. While doing an oceanic survey. D. After coming across bad weather.

13. What gathered the plastic garbage in the North Pacific?

A. Sea animals. B. Business ships. C. Oceanographers. D. Winds and currents.

14. What question would some oceanographers ask Moore?

A. What harm can the garbage do? B. Why didn’t Moore report earlier?

C. Why is the garbage under the water? D. What use can be made of the garbage?

15. What can be the best title for the text?

A. A Great Discovery B. An Ocean of Plastic

C. The Origins of Ocean Pollution D. The Mysteries of the Ocean System

阅读七选五

A good night’s sleep is one of the best things for your health. The following steps might help you enjoy a good sleep.

Create a nightly routine (惯例).

16 It could be as simple as washing your face or brushing your teeth. As you begin to move into your “nightly routine”， your mind will know that it’s time to sleep.

Learn your body clock.

Some experts believe sleepiness comes in cycles (周期). If you know the cycles in your body clock， you can use them to your advantage. 17 If not， it might be a long time before you’re ready for sleep again.

18

Put your clock under your bed or on the bottom shelf of your bedside cabinet， where its light won’t disturb you. That way， if you wake up in the middle of the night， or have problems in sleeping， you won’t worry about how late it is and how much sleep you’re missing.

Paint your bedroom a relaxing color.

First， take any unnecessary things away from your bedroom—they stand in the way of a good night’s sleep. 19 It’s a reminder of sleep.

Choose the right pillow (枕头).

One study found that neck pillows can actually improve the quality of your sleep as well as reduce neck pain. 20 It should provide neck support and be washable.

A. Hide your clock.

B. Change some of your habits.

C. You probably can’t fall asleep very easily.

D. When sleepiness comes， get to bed in time.

E. Then paint your room a relaxing color， like green.

F. The best neck pillow should be soft and not too high.

G. This is something you do every night before going to bed.

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（十）

阅读理解

A

The Best Language Learning Apps

Duolingo

The app doesn’t restrict how many languages you can try to learn at the same time. I use Duolingo to practice Spanish and German. In the app， you can access resources such as Duolingo Stories， which can allow you to check your comprehension skills as you go. I also subscribe to a premium (附加费) for $10 per month which includes an ad-free experience and downloadable lessons.

Memrise

One of my favorite parts of Memrise is its short videos about how real locals express different phrases in conversation. A few lessons are available for free daily， but the full program is accessible if you subscribe to Memrise Pro. There are three plans—one month for $9， three months for $19 or a year for $30.

Busuu

When you sign up for Busuu， you select the language you want to learn， and the app helps you determine how advanced you are with it and why you want to learn it， and to what level. From there， you set a daily study goal. A premium costs about $6 per month for a year.

Lirica

If you listen to any song enough， you’ll learn all the words through repetition， even if they’re in a different language. But how do you figure out what they mean? This is where Lirica comes in. This app is unique in how it approaches teaching Spanish. Instead of traditional teaching methods for learning a language， Lirica uses popular music by Latin artists to help you learn the Spanish language and grammar. Lirica has a one-week free trial and then it’s about $4 per month.

1. Which app is best for you to learn different languages at the same time?

A. Lirica. B. Busuu. C. Memrise. D. Duolingo.

2. How much should you pay for a quarterly subscription to Memrise Pro?

A. $9. B. $19. C. $28. D. $30.

3. What is special about Lirica?

A. It offers a one-month free trial. B. It helps users set a daily study goal.

C. It hires Latin artists to teach Spanish. D. It enables users to learn Spanish through music.

B

When I was in primary school， my favorite place was the library. I was the kid who got shouted at for trying to bring home sixty books at a time because I just couldn’t decide which world I wanted to experience that week. I remember spending my weekends glued to a book， hungering for experiencing lives other than my own. Up until middle school， reading was a passion (酷爱) of mine.

Something changed after I entered senior high school though. All of a sudden， reading was a task that I could not avoid fast enough. The books that I read in school bored me， or even if I enjoyed the books themselves， the difficult homework we completed based on those books made me hate reading as a whole.

It actually wasn’t until recently that I rediscovered my love for reading. How you may ask? Audiobooks (有声书). Last summer， I spent every morning taking long walks while listening to them， and I would find myself lost in the stories for hours. And now I’m rediscovering my passion for reading. I feel that pull again. That desire.

My love story with reading may have had a happy ending， but not everyone is as lucky as me. What went wrong?

When a child is told to read for twenty minutes every night， they will read for the required amount of time and then check the task off on their list. In this way， reading has suddenly become a boring task instead of an exciting experience.

Making sure that kids keep their passion for reading will require us to rethink how we teach reading in schools and how we introduce books to children outside of school as well. There needs to be less of a focus on meeting reading requirement and more of a focus on creating an environment in which students are actually excited to read.

4. Which word can best describe the author’s love for books before high school?

A. Confusing. B. Crazy. C. Secret. D. Short-lived.

5. Why did the author once hate reading?

A. She couldn’t choose what to read. B. High school books were difficult.

C. She was given too many books to read. D. Reading was a task.

6. What does the underlined word “pull” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Attraction. B. Duty. C. Annoyance. D. Influence.

7. What advice does the author give in the last paragraph?

A. Give kids various reading tasks. B. Encourage kids to keep reading.

C. Ensure kids themselves want to read. D. Develop kids’ interest in advanced literature.

C

Sue Hendrickson is a self-taught fossil hunter (化石搜寻者). As a kid， Sue Hendrickson often walked with her head down. “People said， ‘Look up. Smile!’” she says. “Now， I realize I was born to look for things and just didn’t know it.”

Sue Hendrickson does more than look—she finds valuable things: Shipwrecks (沉船) with treasure， ancient sunken cities， and in 1990， she found Sue， the world’s largest， most complete Tyrannosaurus rex (霸王龙).

“I limit the area where I’m going to look，” she says. No one knew the location of the sunken ship San Diego in the Philippines. For a year， Hendrickson and other researchers searched papers and sailors’ diaries. “The descriptions of the ship’s sailors led us to the wreck，” she says. The team also used a tool that can respond to metal. This tool found the San Diego. All the work paid off. The 400-year-old ship was complete， with valuable gold and silver coins.

To find the dinosaur she calls “the biggest animal that ever walked on Earth”， Hendrickson started with maps made to search for oil. What Hendrickson found was the largest and most complete T-rex found to date. The T-rex is 42 feet long with 200 bones! Because it is so complete， scientists were able to infer that Sue walked at about 6 miles per hour and did not run faster than 15 miles an hour. Before Sue was discovered， they thought T-rex was much faster. To learn more about T-rex Sue， go to the Field Museum in Chicago.

There’s plenty left to be found， Hendrickson says， including answers to mysterious questions such as how T-rex lived. “I tell kids that they need to grow up and work them out because all of us old persons haven’t yet!”

8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. An ancient city. B. Hendrickson’s hobby.

C. The world’s largest T-rex. D. Hendrickson’s findings.

9. How did Hendrickson find the sunken ship San Diego?

A. With a self-made tool. B. With the help of oil maps.

C. By starting with research. D. By following sailors’ lead.

10. What can we learn about T-rex Sue?

A. It was the biggest dinosaur. B. It ran faster than any other T-rex.

C. It let people know how T-rex lived. D. It helped scientists learn about T-rex.

11. What does Hendrickson advise kids to do?

A. Explore mysteries. B. Respect scientific research.

C. Visit the Field Museum. D. Learn more about fossil hunting.

D

Birds’ feathers are some of the most strikingly variable animal features that can be observed by the eyes. The patterns that we see in birds’ feathers are made up of combinations of scales， bars， and patches (斑点).

We already know why birds have colored feathers. Generally， the color of feathers may protect a bird from being noticed by the enemy in the environment， or it can make a bird more appealing to potential mates by helping them to stand out. These aspects are well known. A greater mystery has been how the patterns are created.

Dr Ismael Galván and his team studied the color of feathers to see what types of colors were present in birds’ complex feather patterns. The study shows they mainly consist of two types of colors: melanin (黑色素)， which produces a range of black， grey， brown， and orange colors， and carotenoids (类胡萝卜色素)， which are used to create brighter colors.

Birds cannot produce carotenoids on their own. For feathers with bright colors， birds must consume food items that contain these paints， and the carotenoids circulate through the blood to the feather. Melanin， on the other hand， is produced by special cells in the birds’ bodies.

The team found that about 32% of the species studied have complex color patterns， with the vast majority of these complex patterns produced by melanin rather than carotenoids. If the birds were artists， they would use carotenoids as a broad brush to produce color patches， with melanin as a detail paint brush to produce more complex designs.

But a few birds are exceptions to this rule: Three bird families do have complex patterns without melanin.

12. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The color. B. The enemy. C. The feather. D. The environment.

13. What will happen if birds can’t get enough carotenoids?

A. They’ll be discovered more easily. B. They’ll get less bright colors.

C. They’ll gradually die out. D. They’ll have more patches.

14. What can we learn about birds from Paragraph 5?

A. They have complex color patterns. B. Melanin plays a greater part in their colors.

C. They are expert in choosing colors. D. 32% of their color patterns are from carotenoids.

15. What can be the best title for the text?

A. How Do Birds Tell Different Colors? B. Why Do Birds Have Colored Feathers?

C. Which Color Is Common to Birds? D. How Do Birds Get Their Colors?

阅读七选五

Lots of people give you advice on overcoming fear. 16 However， I want to tell you that a world without fear would be more dangerous， less rewarding. So we want to treat fear as a friend? Here are three reasons.

17 Think about it. Do you get more nervous when you meet the girl (or guy) of your dreams? Which is more fearful， talking to the boss of your company or to some of your friends? 18 If you didn’t have fear to guide you， you might not know that! Not so bad， right?

Next， fear encourages us to take action. Fear is a call to action. In the past， our ancestors didn’t run away in fear when they saw a tiger running toward them but tried to kill it for food. Now， most of us don’t face serious danger like hungry tigers every day， but we do face serious bosses or public speaking. So， what can we do? 19

Lastly， fear lets you know you are alive. Why do we like roller coasters (过山车)? 20 Same for horror movies.

So fear can guide you toward what’s important for you and encourage you to take action to improve. Don’t we all need that kind of friend?

A. Don’t fear to be wrong.

B. It frightens us in a mostly safe way.

C. Imagine what life would be like without fear.

D. The first is that fear is an excellent guide to opportunity.

E. They say if you can overcome fear， you will be successful.

F. Fear is showing you what is important and what matters to you.

G. Let fear provide us with the energy to do what needs to be done.

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