从教材句型迁移中提升学生英语学习能力

王淼

英语句型是英语学习的重要一环，以往学生学习英语句型往往使用翻译法，即先讲述语法规则，然后进行翻译练习，以此巩固知识点。但是英语句型的学习不只表示一种语句规则的知识，所以不能将句法教学当作语法教学，为了让学生更好地知道什么是句型，要使用迁移的方法，从教材句型迁移中提升学生的句型掌握能力，能够解答与教材中句型类似的题目，提升答题成绩。

一、从教材文本中夯实基础，完成句型迁移

阅读书籍的最高境界就是写，初中英语阅读教学中使用教材进行阅读是第一步，在深化知识点，完成知识的掌握之后写作才是最终目的。学生对于英语语言的学习往往是借助课内教材的学习与课外英语读物的阅读完成语言的积累。通过对课内外文本内容的深度解读与挖掘，掌握多种句式的表达，然后通过语言交流与作文写作中熟练运用，激发学生语言表达的潜能，让学生有话可说，有内容可写。

例如九年级上学期的英语课堂中，针对教材中的文本先请学生进行阅读，使用略读与快速读的形式先掌握文本的主要内容，然后使用细读与点读的形式了解文本中词汇与句子的含义，请学生与同桌交流，讲解文本中涉及的知识点。然后请学生做教材句型仿写的问题，如：

1. As a doctor ， you can't be too careful.仿写：这本书值得大加称赞。

2.Carelessness will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.仿写：在学校里，他不仅教授数学，而且教授美术。

3.She has devoted most of her time to her work.仿写：他把自己的生命献给了祖国。

4.It is you who shape your life and your future.仿写：就是航天英雄陈冬两次进入天空。

之后，还可以结合教材中文本内容，让学生进行话题写作，如译林牛津版八上的《Natural disasters》深入阅读之后，为了更好地开展句型迁移，布置话题写作：如果你是王明，你在新闻报道中看到关于Garden City遭受台风袭击的新闻，你决定在学校的宣传栏中发布一封用英语写的倡议书，希望可以帮助受灾的人们。内容包括：倡议的原因，如发生了什么灾害，产生了什么后果；倡议的内容，如筹款，捐赠物品，当志愿者；发出倡议。要求词数为80-100词（不包括已经给出的词汇），作文中要包含上面给出的所有信息，适当增加环节，让行文更加连贯。

有了之前学生对教材中句型的迁移练习，学生很快能够“照葫芦画瓢”，將教材中的文本《The Taiwan Earthquake》中的词汇、句子等都通过同义句型转换成自己作文中的内容，丰富写作内容，切实提升学生的迁移能力。

二、教材句型迁移学习后进行练习，巩固知识

教材中很多句型的典型性强，值得学生深入探究，并以此进行句型的迁移，如译林牛津版九年级上册Unit7中的一句话：She won many awards because of her efforts in this area.由于她在这个领域的努力，她获得了许多奖项。此句中的because of是复合词，可以做代词、名词、动名词等，其引导的介词短语一般作为状语，如果主语是代词，其引出的短语还可做表语。根据此可以进行仿写：因为天气原因，足球赛被推迟了：It is a pity that she failed to win first prize in the singing competition.相似的句型迁移问题还有很多，如：

（一）句型仿写

1.根据I  either watch TV or play computer games.中的either…or进行仿写：0n weekends，I either go to the beach or go to visit the museum.在周末，我要没去海滩，要么去参观博物馆。

2.根据His dad and uncle are watching the boat races on TV中的His dad and uncle are watching the boat races on TV.进行仿写：Some students are playing basketball on the playground.一些学生正在操场上打篮球。

3.根据But I was s tired that I went to sleep early.中的so…that进行仿写：She is so kind that all the children like her.她是如此善良，以至于所有的孩子们都欢她。

4.根据The minute I sat down in front of the TV，my mom came over中的The minute进行仿写：I want to talk to him the minute he gets to the company.他一到公司我就想要找他谈谈。

（二）高级句型转换

1.Here is an interesting article.It is about personality.（用定语从句进行转换）

高级句型：Here is an interesting article which is about personality.10.I became so bored with their orders that I wished they would leave me alone.

2.I  became bored with their orders . I wished they would leave me alone .（用 so ... that ..．进行转换）

高级句型：An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage.

3.An opera singer doesn't dance or speak on stage .（用 neither ... nor ..．进行转换）

高级句型：An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage.

4. I  learned a lot from it.（用lesson进行转换，it作主语）

高级句型：It was a very useful lesson for me.

（三）连词与情态动词相关句型的练习

1.—      I join you in the community service （社区服务）？- Of course you can .

A. Should  B. Can  C. Must  D. Need

根据答语“你当然可以”可推断此处所缺的词是Can，表示“可以”，所以答案是B。

2. I've  tasted a lot of delicious food，

what I like best is the dish cooked by Mum.

A. so  B. but  C. and  D. or

句意：我嘗过很多美味的食物，但我最喜欢的是妈妈做的菜。结合语境可知设空前后表示转折关系，故此处应用but，答案选B。

3.Please turn the music down. I hear my teacher on DingTalk.

A. can't  B. shouldnt： C. mustn't D. needn't

根据题干中的“请把音乐声关小点”可知此处是说我听不见我的老师在钉钉上说话。故用can't。答案选A。

4.- In order to get a great future，we should   study hard   keep in good health.- I couldn't agree more.

A. neither;nor B.either;or C.not ; but D.not only;but also。

句意：﹣为了有一个美好的未来，我们不仅要努力学习，而且要保持健康。﹣我完全同意。 neither ... nor ..．既不...也不...; either ... or ..．或者..．或者...; not ... but ..．不是..．而是...; not only ... but also ..．不但..．而且...根据“In order to get a great future”可知，为了好的未来，既要努力学习，又要保持健康，故选D。

（四）以话题语篇题扩展句型

Sleep is one of the ways that could help us to recover from tiredness. Nowadays sleeping has become the favorite hobby among people. Studies show that the personality of people is related to the way they sleep. Robert Phipps who is a body language expert has put forward four positions of sleep that may have an effect on peoples personality.

Phipps also found that if people are in worry and are under stress， it is highly possible for them to sleep in the fetal position， which is the most common bedtime position. He said that nearly 58 percent of people sleep on their side with knees up and head down. They feel more comfortable while curl up themselves.

In Phippss study， the second most common position is the log. People sleep with their body straight and arms at each side of their body. Almost 28 percent of people sleep in this position， which may lead to difficulty in moving their bodies after waking up. Keeping this position for a long time may cause a rigid thought in their mind and they are unwilling to change. In a word it means they make things harder for themselves.

Yearner sleepers are third common sleeping position. About 25 percent of people choose this way to sleep. When they sleep， they lie on their side with arms stretched （伸展） out in front. Phipps added that yearners are the best sleeping way because people who are yearner sleepers are often refreshed （精力充沛的）after waking up. They often expect good results and are willing to face different challenges in the life.

The fourth one is freefaller position. It is considered as the strangest one. 17 percent of the population sleep in this position. They sleep face down on their stomach. Phipps indicated that people with freefaller position feel like they cant control their life.

Comfortlessness of this sleeping position may result in tiredness and lack of energy after waking up.

In conclusion ， Phipps has only one more thing to add，“A good sleep sets us up for the following day and our sleeping positions can decide how we feel when we wake up.”

1. What may people's sleeping positions tell us？

A. Daily activities.

B. Future dreams.

C. Different personalities.

D. Health problems.

此题是细节理解题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Studies show that the personality of people is related to the way they sleep ”可知，人們的睡姿与他们的性格类型有关，故选C。

2．What is suggested in the text ？

A. The fetal sleepers are willing  to comfort other people.

B. It's easy for the freefaller sleepers to control their life.

C.Yearner sleepers prefer to do the best in life if and work.

D.The log sleepers sleep as if they are chasing.

此题是细节理解题。根据第四段中的“yearners are the best sleeping way ……expect good results and are willing to face different challenges in the life. ”可知，“渴望型”睡眠者常常期待最好的结果，且敢于面对生活中的挑战，由此可知C项的表述符合文意。

综上，通过英语教材中句型迁移的练习，能够帮助学生夯实英语基础，提升迁移能力，对学生英语写作与做题都有很大的帮助。