主题一 灾害与防护

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Ⅰ.阅读理解

A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) overnight.The most immediate way in which organizations like the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps.Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades.In some parts of the world, children have grown up and have had children of their own without ever leaving their camps.

Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations.One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived.

Refugee camps can easily become dirty,overcrowded and are overrun with diseases or crime.In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.

One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or a village, making them become part of the local population.This is known as the“self-settlement”.Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps.They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away,and are freer and safer than refugees in camps.Oxfam,the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle.

Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives.They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place.This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example,the distribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies.It is also true that long-term aid programs,such as family tracing,orphan support and,perhaps most importantly,education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.

1.Who should be responsible for the refugees'dependence on donations?

A.Critics.

B.Children.

C.Refugee camps.

D.The UNHCR and the ICRC.

2.What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy?

A.More personal aid.B.More living space.

C.Better training programs.D.A better sense of security.

3.What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring?

A.It can help save much land.

B.It's easier for them to get schooling.

C.It can reduce the number of orphans.

D.It allows families to better help each other.

4.Which of the following is beyond the author's discussion in the text?

A.The advantages of refugee camps.

B.The disadvantages of refugee camps.

C.The advantages of the self-settlement.

D.The disadvantages of the self-settlement.

Ⅱ.补全信息

“A ship in harbor is safe,but that is not what ships are built for,”said John A.Shedd,an early 20th century author.Throughout COVID-19, we've all become used to assessing risk in new ways.We've come to understand,though we can never get rid of risk altogether,we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.________1__It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things.

Developmental psychologists talk about“positive risks”—socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.________2__But what about these, who develop into adults?Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time,including ways that are adventurous,new and even mildly risky—like hiking or other outdoor activities.

One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the“safe”side of risk range.For example,to ensure a successful bike ride,you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.________3__Or if you are concerned about your physical capacity,consult a certified trainer or medical professional before departure.

__________4__This means adapting to changing situations.In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated.In this way,people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.

Nobody wants to be needlessly risky.But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools,we can once again learn and grow in our lives.________5__

A.Take risks in a positive way.

B.But the self-protective mind state carries its own risk.

C.Overall happiness is one benefit of positive risk-taking.

D.Remember to tell one of your friends or family your destination.

E.Besides taking preventive steps,flexible thinking is also encouraged.

F.Like a ship sailing away from its harbor,that is what we were built to do.

G.For teenagers,this means risks like running for monitor or trying out for a team.

Ⅲ.完形填空

On the New Year of 2017,I was born again.We like to spend our holidays somewhere warm abroad,and that year we ________1__Uganda.Nature,wildlife,and sunny days were a blessing when it was so ________2__and dark in Europe.Life was beautiful, and we had a rental car and a busy schedule ahead to explore the country.

This is where this short travel story turns into one of my most ________3__travel experiences.At Murchison Falls National Park, we had a car accident.I lost ________4__of the car, and it rolled over, destroying the windows, the chassis (底盘), and the engine.But we were alive! My right arm was ________5__injured, but we managed to walk to our lodge (旅馆), not far inside the ________6__.In the lodge, I was ________7__to learn that there was a pretty decent American hospital in Masindi that was just a one-hour drive away.Moreover,one of the lodge's guests was a nurse who ________8__the wound while we were waiting for the taxi.The hospital took care of us, and after a couple of injections and stitches (缝线),I was ready to head to our new hotel in Masindi; however, my wound required daily________9__and more injections,so we were ________10__to stay in town for a few days.

The town's highlights were the market and our ________11__visit to the hospital,so we ended up looking for small things, ________12__with the medical staff and the people in the market,and learning more about their customs.

We learned to slow down.When we were allowed to ________13__, we took a road trip through the country to see something else.We did not care about our travel bucket list anymore—we were ________14__, and we wanted to enjoy Uganda's unique nature and its people.In the end, our Uganda trip was not about the places that we saw, but the people that we met.It was travel for ________15__versus sightseeing.

1.A.recommended B.chose C.predicted D.informed

2.A.complicated B.mysterious C.crowded D.cold

3.A.doubtful B.wonderful C.scary D.imaginary

4.A.sense B.sight C.control D.direction

5.A.severely B.permanently C.partly D.deliberately

6.A.spot B.accident C.country D.park

7.A.curious B.happy C.shocked D.creative

8.A.cleaned B.cured C.swept D.repaired

9.A.operations B.dressings C.pressure D.recovery

10.A.asked B.forbidden C.permitted D.taught

11.A.occasional B.daily C.risky D.awful

12.A.chatting B.arguing C.bargaining D.meeting

13.A.exercise B.wander C.leave D.escape

14.A.awake B.sensitive C.allergic D.alive

15.A.experiment B.explanation C.experience D.reflection

Ⅳ.语法填空

According to a new report by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change),the deadly heat waves,floods 1._________droughts are disturbing the lives of 2._________(thousand) of people from all over the world.And it will be likely only to get 3._________(bad) as global temperatures continue to rise.“So far, all regions of the world 4._________(affect) by some extreme weather,”says Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne, an environmental 5._________(science).“We can link extreme weather to climate change in 6._________same way we can link cancer to smoking,”says Friederike Elly Luise Otto, one of the report's authors.“And,like smoking,the damage is hard 7._________(disappear).”The most important thing,”experts say,“is to make sure that these events don't grow even more common and more intense 8._________they are now.”“I 9._________(strong) feel that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now,”says Michael Wehner,an extreme weather researcher.To limit global warming to just 2 ℃,Wehner says,“It's my feeling that we would have to do something rather extreme.”“Something extreme,”he adds,“means completely 10._________(get) rid of consumption of coal, oil and natural gas.”

Ⅴ.书面表达

你校与加拿大一所学校以“中学生如何在灾难中保护自己”为主题，合作开展探讨活动，请你就该主题在活动上发表演讲。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Protect ourselves from the disaster

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Ⅵ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A holiday in Penang is an annual affair for my family.My parents grew up in Penang and are very fond of Penang food.In December every year, we would drive up to the island to spend three days visiting our favorite food haunts(常去的地方).

This year, we started our journey up north on a Friday morning.It took us six hours to reach our destination.We always stayed at one of the hotels in Batu Ferringhi.The beach was just a short walk from the hotel entrance and our rooms had a lovely view of the sea.We spent our first evening playing on the beach.After dinner, we returned to our rooms to play games.My parents had a rule for our holidays which was that we were to spend time doing things together.There was no TV or Internet.

The next morning, we went to Bukit Bendera and then spent the rest of the afternoon in town visiting our favorite hawker stalls (小贩摊位).As we were having tea at a coffee shop,we overheard people talking about an earthquake near Sumatera,an island in Indonesia.We headed back to the hotel and then went to the beach.We took a walk along the beach, picking up seashells along the way.Looking up, I saw the sun shining brighter than I ever knew before.I saw a tree trembling in the distance as it reflected the sun's rays.It never occurred to us that something awful would take place.Suddenly, I noticed a strange thing.The sea seemed to be leaving from the shore.I called my father to look at the curious occurrence.My father took one look and went pale.We saw a grey line in the distance moving towards the shore.It seemed to grow taller by the second.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1:

My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel.________________________________

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Paragraph 2:

We waited a long time before going downstairs._________________________________

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