巴彦淖尔：筑牢中国北方生态安全屏障

张敏娇 段飞

巴彦淖尔市位于内蒙古西部，北部为乌拉特草原，中部为阴山山地，南部为河套平原。在蒙古语中，“巴彦”为“富饶”之意，“淖尔”为“湖泊”之意，“巴彦淖尔”意为“富饶的湖泊”。巴彦淖尔市境内有纳林湖、黄河河套、镜湖等旅游区，先后获中国国际旅游文化目的地、国家园林城市等荣誉称号。巴彦淖尔市公安机关紧盯黄河流域生态保护、野生动植物保护、草原林地保护等重点工作，2022年以来，共立涉环食药领域刑事案件158起，破案137起，采取强制措施143人，移送起诉61起73人，涉案金额高达5.82亿元。

守护“塞外明珠”

6月的乌梁素海天蓝水碧、飞鸟翔集。幼鸟挥动着刚刚丰满的羽翼，随亲鸟在碧波荡漾的湖面上、随风轻摆的苇丛中觅食休憩，构成一幅幅和谐共生的生态画卷。

为保护黄河流域和自治区“一湖两海”重点区域生态环境，多渠道拓展案件线索，巴彦淖尔市公安局与巴彦淖尔市水利局联合制定了《关于建立巴彦淖尔市黄河流域生态环境保护行刑衔接工作机制》，与鄂尔多斯市公安局制定区域协作机制，推动形成“行政执法＋刑事打击”“区域协作、情报互通、优势互补、资源共享”的协同共治格局，严厉打击向黄河流域非法倾倒排放污染物、非法占用农用地，以及河道采砂，非法排放、倾倒、处置危险废物、医疗废物，干扰自动监测设施等犯罪。

同时，聚焦野生动植物保护，服务黄河流域生物多样性发展。持续加大对候鸟迁飞通道、栖息地、觅食地、繁殖地等迁徙路径区域开展巡护、值守、排查力度，全面排查、清除和收缴辖区内的鸟网毒饵、鸟枪、诱捕器等非法捕杀器具，消除一切危害鸟类等野生动物的安全隐患。积极会同市场监管、林草、交通运输、网信等有关部门对辖区内集贸市场、花鸟市场、野生动物驯养繁殖场所、经营场所、餐馆饭店、网络平台等开展联合执法检查，多渠道掌握案件线索，形成执法合力，严厉查处非法猎捕、收购、出售、携带、寄递、食用候鸟等野生动物及其制品的违法犯罪行为。

位于黄河“几字弯”顶部的乌梁素海是黄河流域最大的湖泊湿地和生物多样性的重要种源库，也是我国北方多个生态功能交汇区，是控制京津风沙源的天然生态屏障。治理好乌梁素海流域，对于保障我国北方生态安全具有十分重要的意义。乌梁素海治理和保护的方向是明确的，要用心治理、精心呵护，一以贯之、久久为功，守护好这颗“塞外明珠”，为子孙后代留下一个山青、水秀、空气新的美丽家园。

乌拉特前旗公安局政委韩飞介绍说，乌拉特前旗公安局将继续坚持“生态优先、绿色发展”理念不动摇，配齐配强乌梁素海护海大队，不间断开展巡海、护海、打击非法捕捞等工作，严厉打击破坏野生动植物资源违法犯罪活动，对乌梁素海沿岸重点行业、企业等开展常态化隐患排查整治，全力抓好乌梁素海流域生态环境治理，统筹推进全流域生态修复、综合治理和保护开发。

北疆绿色长城

乌兰布和沙漠是我国八大沙漠之一，总面积约1500万亩，其中近426万亩分布在磴口县境内。目前，有20多家民营企业发展沙产业，人工培育梭梭林50万亩，人工嫁接肉苁蓉14万多亩，年产肉苁蓉700多噸。

初夏时节，微风轻拂，乌兰布和沙漠披金挂绿，湖泊水面波光粼粼，绿草、碧波、水鸟融为一体，美不胜收。一大早，磴口县公安局乌兰布和沙漠派出所所长白龙像往常一样驾驶警车在沙漠公路上缓缓行驶巡逻，看着柴草网格锁住的沙丘一一从眼前闪过。

前些日子，磴口县公安局刑警大队副大队长秦精繁接到乌兰布和沙漠腹地一家公司报警，有人在沙漠中盗挖肉苁蓉。秦精繁迅速带领同事们出发，现场将正在盗挖肉苁蓉的9个人抓获，及时为该公司挽回经济损失5万元。

巴彦淖尔公安聚焦草原林地保护，打击破坏森林环境资源违法犯罪活动，对苗头性倾向性问题露头就打，使破坏草原林地现象得到有效遏制，成功破获了杨某某无危险废物经营许可证擅自进行危险废物（废机油）收集、贮存、利用和处置经营活动，引发火灾事故污染环境等案件。

为了保护好生态建设成果，磴口县公安局与县林草局建立了森林草原案件行刑衔接机制，与生态环境局建立加强生态环境行政执法与刑事司法衔接办法。近3年共查处违法占用草原林地刑事案件80余起，有力地震慑了违法犯罪行为。

“我们要逐绿而行，久久为功，坚持山水林田湖草沙系统综合治理，像爱护眼珠子一样保护这里的一草一木。”磴口县副县长、公安局长何蓉说。

“强边固防直通车”

6月12日，在巴彦淖尔边境管理支队乌力吉边境派出所辖区，一辆“强边固防直通车”停在了优秀护边员布仁特古斯的家门口。民警一下车就把一沓报纸递给了布仁，激动地与布仁一起讨论着在今后的工作中如何不断完善“民警+护边员”巡防模式，强化群防群治力量建设，不断提升管边控边能力。随后布仁又骑上摩托车，带上望远镜，与派出所民警一同前往边境一线开展巡逻踏查。

乌力吉派出所北与蒙古国南戈壁省接壤，辖区面积5000平方公里，常住人口140多户。针对辖区路况复杂、地广人稀、管控不畅等问题，巴彦淖尔边境管理支队在边境地区全面启动“强边固防直通车”，主要负责边境踏查、信息搜集、法律宣传、调解纠纷、打击犯罪、代购物品、代送包裹等综合服务。“直通车基本上是每周下来一趟，有任何事情给他们反映都能及时得到解决，一看到这些民警我们就觉得特别安心，非常感谢他们。”乌力吉图嘎查牧民苏雅拉说。

目前，巴彦淖尔已开通14辆强边固防直通车，覆盖边境7个苏木镇、3.4万平方公里边境辖区、369公里边境线，累计出动车辆1.8万辆次，行程270多万公里，破获涉边案件700余起，服务群众14万人次，为群众节省开支近千万元。

第二届“十大国门卫士”、甘其毛都边境派出所所长黄健表示，要不断完善治安联防、警务联动、边境联控等工作机制，发挥好党政军警民合力强边固防的独特优势，为筑牢祖国北疆安全稳定屏障贡献自己的一份力量。

Northern China’s Ecological Security

By Zhang MinJiao&Duan Fei

Bayannur city is situated in the western part of China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， bordered by the Urad Grassland to the north and the Hetao Plain to the south， with the Yinshan Mountains in the center. In Mongolian "Bayannur"means "a rich lake." Bayannur boasts various tourist destinations， including Nalin Lake， the Yellow River's Hetao Plain， and the Jinghu Ecotourism Area. Over time， it has earned prestigious titles including “China International Cultural Tourism Destination"and “National Garden City".The public security organs in Bayannur are dedicated to safeguarding the ecosystems of the Yellow River Basin and protecting wildlife， native grasslands， and woodlands. Since 2022， they have handled 158 criminal cases related to environmental protection， and food and drug safety. Among these， authorities solved 137 cases， brought 143 individuals into custody， tried 73 people in 61 cases. Illegally obtained money involved in these cases amounted to 582 million yuan.

The Pearl North of the Great Wall

In June， Wuliang Suhai Lake is a picturesque sight with its clear blue sky， pristine waters， and flocks of birds. Chicks can be seen practicing their flying skills， searching for food， or finding a peaceful spot to rest in the gently swaying reeds along the lake. This is a harmonious and important ecological area.

In order to safeguard the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin and vital conservation areas of the three lakes in Inner Mongolia， and to explore more effective approaches to investigating criminal cases， the Public Security Bureau and Water Conservancy Bureau of Bayannur collaborated to develop the "Administrative Law Enforcement-Criminal Justice Dual Corresponding Mechanism for Ecological Environmental Protection in the Yellow River Basin". Additionally， they established a regional cooperation mechanism in conjunction with the Ordos Public Security Bureau to enhance implementation of the mechanism. This cooperative mechanism encourages regional collaboration， intelligence exchange， and resource sharing to address various illegal activities in the Yellow River Basin， such as pollutant dumping， illegal occupation of agricultural land， illegal river sand mining， unauthorized discharge into rivers， improper disposal of hazardous and medical waste， and tampering with surveillance equipment.

Meanwhile， the mechanism is focused on the protection of wildlife and promotion of biodiversity in the Yellow River Basin. The Public Security Bureau of Bayannur consistently enhance patrolling， monitoring， and surveillance efforts along animal migration routes， including migratory bird passages， habitats， foraging areas， and breeding grounds. They systematically investigate illegal hunting devices and equipments like bird nets， poison baits， hunting guns， and traps within their jurisdiction. Such items are promptly removed from markets and confiscated to eliminate potential hazards that could threaten the lives of birds and other wild animals. In close collaboration with various administrative agencies， such as market supervision， forestry and grassland， transportation， and network safety， they conduct inspections at street markets， flower and bird markets， locations involved in wild animal domestication and breeding， business premises， restaurants， and online platforms within their jurisdiction. They vigorously combat illegal activities related to wild animal hunting， as well as the buying， selling， carrying， transportation， and consumption of wild birds and other animals and their by-products， through various legal channels and coordinated law enforcement efforts.

Wuliang Suhai Lake， situated at the upper bend of the Yellow River， is the largest wetland in the Yellow River Basin and a vital source of biodiversity. It serves various ecological functions in northern China， including acting as a natural ecological barrier mitigating the influx of sandstorms that threaten the Beijing and Tianjin metropolitan areas. A healthy ecosystem in the Wuliang Suhai Lake Basin holds immense importance in safeguarding the ecological security of northern China. The core principle guiding the management and protection of Wuliang Suhai Lake is that unwavering dedication and relentless efforts are necessary to shield this "pearl north of the Great Wall". By doing so， authorities can leave behind a beautiful homeland， blessed with verdant mountains， pristine waters， and pure air， for future generations to enjoy.

Han Fei， political commissar of the Wulateqian Banner Public Security Bureau， emphasized the Bureau's commitment to environmentally friendly development. The Bureau pledged to make sure the patrolling team are fully equipped and staffed， enabling them to conduct consistent surveillance around the Wuliang Suhai Lake. Their priority is to crack down on illegal fishing and other criminal activities that harm wild animal and plant resources. The Bureau has taken a proactive approach by conducting regular investigations and rectifications to address hidden hazards in key industries and enterprises in the Wuliang Suhai Lake area. These initiatives ensure better management and improvement of the ecological environment in the Wuliang Suhai River Basin. Moreover， it fosters a systematic approach to promote ecological restoration， comprehensive administrative regulation， and sustainable development for the region.

The Green Great Wall in Northern China

The Ulan Buh Desert， one of China's eight major deserts， spans a vast area of approximately 2.5 million acres， with nearly 0.7 million acres located in Dengkou county. Currently， over 20 private enterprises are involved in sand mining operations in the region. To combat desertification， extensive efforts have been made to plant saxaul trees， covering an impressive area of around 80 thousand acres. Additionally， the Chinese herb Cistanche has been cultivated through artificial grafting， occupying more than 20 thousand acres， and yielding an annual output of over 700 tons.

Early summer will find gentle breezes caress the Ulan Buh Desert. The landscape transforms into a stunning combination of golden sands intermingled with lush greenery. The lake glistens with the sun's rays， and the fusion of green grass， serene waves， and graceful water birds paints a captivating scene. As part of his routine duties， Bai Long， the director of the Ulan Buh Desert police station of Dengkou County Public Security Bureau， embarks on his patrol inspection early in the morning. Slowly driving his patrol car along the desert road， he observes the sand dunes adorned with straw passing by one after another.

Recently， Qin Jingfan， deputy chief of the Criminal Police Brigade in Dengkou County Public Security Bureau， received a report from a company situated in the remote heartland of the Ulan Buh Desert. The report indicated a theft of cistanche plants from the desert. Without hesitation， Qin promptly mobilized his colleagues and led them to the location， where they immediately apprehended nine individuals in the act. Their swift action recovered economic losses of 50，000 yuan for the company.

The Bayannur Public Security Bureau places a strong emphasis on safeguarding grasslands and woodlands， taking decisive action against any illegal or criminal activities that could pose a threat to the forest's environment. They are proactive in addressing potential criminal activities， intervening early to prevent any further harm to the environment and effectively curbing the destruction of grasslands and woodlands. One important success involved a criminal surnamed Yang. Yang was involved in unauthorized collection， storage， recycling， and disposal of used motor oil without the a hazardous waste business license. His illegal actions caused fires and air pollution.

To make ecological conservation sustainable， the Dengkou County Public Security Bureau established a collaborative mechanism with both the County Forestry and Grassland Administrative Bureau and the Ecological Environment Bureau. This mechanism was put in place to address illegal activities related to forest， grassland， and ecological protection. During the last three years， their combined efforts led to the investigation and resolution of more than 80 criminal cases involving the illegal occupation of grasslands and woodlands. This success has proven to be a powerful deterrent against potential future criminal activities.

"We must pursue a long-term strategy for environmental conservation with unwavering determination. Our work should revolve around the principle of preserving mountains， rivers， forests， farmlands， lakes， grasslands， and desert in a holistic manner. We must protect these natural assets as we care for our own eyes，" emphasized He Rong， deputy county mayor of Dengkou County and director of the Public Security Bureau.

The Frontier Patrol Project

On June 12， in the jurisdiction of the Wuliji Border Police Station of the Bayannur Border Administrative Division， a car labeled “Frontier Patrol"came to a halt near the residence of border guard Burentegus. The police officers promptly got out of the car and handed him a stack of newspapers. They engaged in an enthusiastic discussion on ways to enhance their approach to patrolling， including collaboration between police and border guards， involving civilians in border defense， and future improvements in border control capabilities. After the discussion， Burentegus grabbed his binoculars， hopped onto his motorcycle， and joined the police in patrolling the border.

To the north of Wulji Police Station is the South Gobi Province of Mongolia. The station has jurisdiction over more than 140 permanent households， covering an area of 5，000 square kilometers. Sparsely populated， the region faces various challenges： intricate road conditions， and inadequate administration and border control management. To address these issues， the Bayannur Border Administrative Division initiated a comprehensive project called the Frontier Patrol Project. The project focuses on multiple aspects， such as conducting border inspections and gathering information， distributing legal information， intervening in civil disputes， preventing crime， handling overseas purchasing and package deliveries， and more. “The Stronger Border Defense Express Train visits our location almost weekly. In case of any trouble， we can rely on the police officers， and they will promptly resolve the issues for us. Their presence gives us a sense of security， and we are deeply grateful to them，" expressed Su Yala， a herdsman from Wulijitu village.

Currently， Bayannur operates a fleet of 14 Stronger Border Defense Express Train cars， providing coverage to seven towns situated along the expansive border area of 34，000 square kilometers， where the border boundary runs for 369 kilometers. The fleet has responded to over 18，000 service calls， covering an astonishing distance of more than 2.7 million kilometers. Thanks to the efficiency and dedication of the police force， over 700 border-related cases have been successfully resolved， benefiting more than 140，000 people who have received police services. Notably， the city’s efforts have resulted in significant cost savings of nearly 10 million yuan for ordinary citizens in the region.

Huang Jian， director of Ganqimaodu Border Police Station and one of the "Top Ten National Boundary Guards" ，emphasizes the need to make constant improvement on their daily work： their responses efficiency， border security management， and cooperation among public security agencies. Leveraging the unique advantages of collaboration between the Party， government， army， police， and the public is crucial to bolstering border security. By strengthening these efforts， the station aims to contribute significantly to the establishment of a secure and stable national safety barrier along China’s northern border.

（Translated by Wei Dong）