Unit 6 Survival

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基础训练

单词拼写 根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1. Teachers and parents guidance plays a c role in childrens growth.

2. I dont want to make friends with him， as he is a g man.

3. The t stole many valuable things but was finally trapped by the police in an old house.

4. This discovery is highly a in the circle of science.

5. The reports are r to description and give no opinions about the facts.

6. Our teacher also taught us about how（垃圾） was recycled.

7. Toward the（郊区） the houses begin to thin out.

8. The point is not to excuse or forget the（罪行）.

9. Modern industry has been concentrated in a few（城市的） centers.

10. I asked three building firms to（估算） for the repairs to the house.

选择填空 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

figure out fit in with crash into out of reach get a taste for

1. Ia street light and hurt my knee last week.

2. It is not proper for a childbeer.

3. These products are normally stored carefullyof children.

4. No one couldhow he got to be so rich.

5. Hes never done this type of work before; Im not sure how hellthe others.

課文语法填空

In a seaside suburb of Cape Town， a chacma baboon stole a bag of shopping from1car. Besides Cape Town， wild animals can2（see） in other urban areas all over the world. Because we humans3（invade） their natural habitats， they have taken over our cities where they can find enough food. Whats more， they neednt worry about their4（predator）.

So far， some animals have developed new skills to adapt5their new homes in the urban life. Urban racoons are6（intelligence） than the wild ones. However， recent studies show that more than 400 million birds die from window impacts each year in the US，7（make） up about 10% of the total US bird population. Migrant birds have to change8（they） routes through cities with skyscrapers.

Above all， now that animals choose9（lead） their urban life， we should learn to appreciate our wild neighbors， and share our urban habitats with them10（harmonious）.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

能力提升

阅读理解

When the explorers first arrived in the continent of North America， the skies and lands were alive with an amazing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately， it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.

Millions of waterfowl （水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations， greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.

In 1934， with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act （Act）， an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so crucial to their survival. Under this Act， all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp （联邦鸭票）. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.

About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934， better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever started.

1. What does the underlined word “decimate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？

A. Acquire. B. Remove. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.

2. What made the waterfowl population decline in North America？

A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.

C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.

3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934？

A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The hunters have stopped hunting.

C. The government has collected money. D. The migratory birds have flown away.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl B. The History of Birds

C. The Story of Federal Duck Stamp D. The Laws for Wildlife

閱读七选五

Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars. 1

Wildfires， volcanoes， and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. It leads to polluted rain that can harm living things. 2 Finally， air pollution damages the ozone layer （臭氧层）， which is important because it protects earth against harmful rays from the sun.

Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump （倾倒） garbage and dirty water into rivers， lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals， and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink. 3

Littering， or throwing garbage on the ground， is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories. 4 They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.

Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment. 5 Instead they are getting power from the sun， wind， water， and other energy sources that produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.

A. Farmers use chemicals to help crops grow.

B. This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.

C. They also can harm fish and other forms of life.

D. These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.

E. In addition， air pollution may be a cause of global warming.

F. There are three main forms of pollution： air， water， and land.

G. Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

单句语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. They may hate what he does but their（survive） depends on him.

2. Remain in your house until everything iscontrol.

3. We went to renew our（month） season ticket.

4. All should be treated equally regardlesssocial status.

5. His words drew sharp（react） from people on both sides of the issue.

6. The average daily（consume） of fruit and vegetables for a person is around 200 grams.

7. A（hike） is a person who is going for a long walk in the countryside.

8. Many old people find it difficult to copechange.

單元语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文语境，结合本单元所学语法知识完成短文。

I never seem to lose any weight， no matter1hard I try. My efforts to lose weight always end in failure， no matter2I do. In the past years， I have always tried to find time to work out，3the weather is like.4I want to give up the workout plan and5difficulties I encounter， I always manage to argue myself into sticking to the plan. But my weight loss effect is not obvious. I figure6is in my position， he would have given up a long time ago. But regardless of the purpose of losing weight， exercising makes me more awake and ready to handle7is ahead of me for the day. So，8I go as well as9busy I am， I keep on doing it， or I wont become10Id like to be.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

能力提升

完形填空

Once， a law was born. A kind of ladybug （瓢蟲） became the state insect of North Dakota. When the governor1the bill （法案） into law， four kids stood behind him！

Jaden， Logan， Megan and Isabel were in the first grade when their2for a law was born. Megan and Logan were farm kids and they had been3with the ladybug already. They knew that farmers had difficulty in4crop-eating pests called aphids and that ladybugs tended to5on aphids. The more ladybugs were around， the fewer6the farmers had to use.

They7that this ladybug should be their state insect. This ladybug was of great8to the crops on the farm and deserved a place of honor. But they had no idea how to9a law. So they asked help from their teacher， who happened to10their local state representative. When they all11 ， he told the kids they would have to present facts and reasons to12lawmakers that North Dakota was in need of the ladybug as the state insect.

The students spent much of that first-grade spring13ladybugs. There was no doubt that their research was hard work， however， they fell in love with it. “Even if the bill hadnt been14 ， I think it was really15a lot，” says Jaden.

In the fall of their second-grade year， they were invited to speak to a committee. In16 ， Megan wrote songs for the17to sing， they contacted more experts for support， and they practiced their presentation a lot！ They showed up at the state building in ladybug costumes and presented their case.18 ， the bill was passed！

The students want everyone to know that kids can make a19 . “Whether you are 8 or 80，” says Isabel， “you have a20in your community.”

1. A. forced B. agreed C. signed D. allowed

2. A. idea B. plan C. search D. reason

3. A. satisfied B. familiar C. bored D. careful

4. A. collecting B. killing C. controlling D. finding

5. A. act B. feed C. work D. depend

6. A. chemicals B. tools C. plants D. efforts

7. A. wondered B. realized C. doubted D. decided

8. A. interest B. quality C. benefit D. strength

9. A. discuss B. complete C. imagine D. create

10. A. know B. hate C. recognize D. phone

11. A. wrote B. met C. cried D. walked

12. A. remind B. convince C. tell D. inform

13. A. curing B. introducing C. reporting D. researching

14. A. forgotten B. concerned C. refused D. passed

15. A. important B. worth C. necessary D. helpful

16. A. excitement B. contrast C. anger D. advance

17. A. kid B. people C. group D. family

18. A. Suddenly B. Gradually C. Unluckily D. Finally

19. A. difference B. noise C. living D. point

20. A. letter B. voice C. painting D. dream

语法填空

The first “Window of Chinese Books” in Europe was launched （发动） on Tuesday， with an online book donation ceremony from Chinas Jinling Library to Malta Libraries.

The online event1（hold） at the Central Public Library in Floriana， Malta. More than 200 books were donated by Jinling Library，2cover fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art， history， culture， and food.

Books are crucial for the3（culture） exchange between two countries and will further enhance cooperation.4（hopeful）， the donated books will open a new window of understanding of Chinese culture， history and social development for the Maltese people.

The books5（donate） on Tuesday not only provide a chance of6（promote） Chinese culture and tourism， but are also7precious gift of friendship from the people of Nanjing to the Maltese people.

Jinling Library has always focused on using books8a bridge to understanding of Chinese culture for global9（citizen）. Jinling Library， founded in 1927， established10（it） first “Window of Chinese Books” overseas in Nigeria in 2013. There will be more in the future.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

短文改錯

In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday， I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructors orders， so once I started the car， my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late， the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基础训练

单词填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. From the girlslook， we could see thenoise made by the enemyher. （terrify）

2. The lab has recently been updated to allow for morecourses in . （advance）

3. He isto defending the villagers. But it is an open question how long thatcan last. （commit）

4. Oil painting is to beat a distance. I have now developed anof it. （appreciate）

5. I can find out whether myto an event are reasonable enough by reading about how otherson the Internet. （react）

6.is a disease of modern society. There are those， you know， who arefor power. （greed）

單句表达 根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1. 电子计算机都是由五个部件组成的。（consist of）

2. 他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧。（expose... to...）

3. 毫无疑问，我们能把这项工程设计出来。（Theres no doubt that...）

4. 尽管价格昂贵，但它们经久耐用，永不过时。（although引导让步状语从句）

5. Johnson医生和我一直试图增强他的体质。（have been doing）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

react survive bring... under control wipe out It is crucial to...

It is estimated that... I inferred that it was... Only in this way can we...

能力提升

阅读理解

A

At the age of eight， Glenn Cunningham was severely injured in a fire. He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital.

From his bed， the semi?conscious （半昏迷的） little boy heard the doctor talking to his mother. The doctor told his mother that her son would surely die—which was for the best， really—for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. But somehow， to the amazement of the physician， he did survive. The mother was told that her son was bound to spend a lifetime in a wheelchair.

But this brave little boy was determined that he would walk and even run. One sunny day his mother wheeled him out into the yard to get some fresh air. This day， instead of sitting there， he threw himself from the chair. Glenn worked his way to the fence， dragging his legs behind him. Then， step by step， he began dragging himself along the fence. He started to do this every day until eventually Glenn did develop the ability first to stand up， then to walk with help， then to walk by himself—and then amazingly—to run. Glenn began to run to school. He ran everywhere as fast as he could. Later in college， Glenn joined the track team where he received the nickname （绰号） the “Kansas Flyer”.

1938 witnessed this young mans another amazing achievement. This young man， who was not expected to survive， who would surely never walk， who could never hope to run， ran the mile in 4 minutes and 4.4 seconds， the worlds fastest indoor mile！ His persistence paid off.

1. What did the doctor think of Glenns injury at first？

A. It might take a long time to recover. B. It would cost much money to cure.

C. It made him semi?conscious. D. It could cause his death.

2. What can we know about Glenn from Paragraph 3？

A. He got a new wheelchair. B. He acted as the “Kansas Flyer”.

C. He could run very fast. D. He joined a football team.

3. What achievement did Glenn make in 1938？

A. He stood up from the wheelchair.  B. He was able to walk.

C. He began to run to school. D. He set a world record.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Power of Determination B. The Dream for Championship

C. The Key to High Performance D. The Mistake of a Doctor

B

The United States space agency， NASA， says its Mars exploration vehicle recently recorded a high level of methane （甲烷） gas on the planet. The discovery is exciting because the presence of methane gas could support the case for life on Mars.

NASAs Curiosity vehicle recently recorded the largest level of methane ever measured during its seven-year Mars mission. Methane has no color or smell. A special instrument on Curiositys Man Science Laboratory recorded the increased gas level. The device measures levels of chemical elements and gases in the Martian atmosphere. In addition to methane， the instrument can record levels of water and carbon dioxide.

Nearly all the methane gas found in Earths atmosphere is produced by living things. It usually comes from animal and plant life. But it can also be formed by geological （地質的） processes， such as interactions between rocks and water. It was not the first time Curiosity had found methane gas in the Martian atmosphere. About a year ago， NASA announced that Curiosity had discovered sharp seasonal increases in the gas. This time， NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any others observed in the past. “Its exciting because microbial （微生物的） life is an important source of methane on Earth，” NASA said in a statement announcing the discovery.

However， Curiositys team carried out a follow-up methane experiment that showed a sharp drop in levels of the gas. That number was “close to the background levels Curiosity sees all the time.” NASA said. The rise and fall of the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with more questions than answers.

“The methane mystery continues，” said Ashwin Vasavada—Curiositys project scientist， “Were more motivated than ever to keep measuring and put our brains together to figure out how methane behaves in the Martian atmosphere.”

5. What is the function of the device on Curiositys Man Science Laboratory？

A. Forming methane gas. B. Recognizing harmful gases.

C. Collecting water and carbon dioxide. D. Surveying levels of elements and gases.

6. What can we know about methane according to Paragraph 3？

A. It is a must to living things. B. It can be found everywhere.

C. It smells like carbon dioxide. D. Its mainly from biological activities.

7. What can we learn from NASAs view？

A. There may exist life on Mars. B. Methane gas increases suddenly.

C. The level of methane gas is steady. D. There are some ways to form methane.

8. What do the NASAs scientists think of their future exploration？

A. Difficult. B. Rewarding. C. Useless. D. Terrifying.

完形填空

When I was very young， I got badly burned by hot water.  At that time， technology wasnt1 . I did get skin grafts （移植）， but it was still pretty bad. Most of the damage was on my2and the skin was grafted from my leg， causing another large scar.

As I grew up， I struggled with my scars. In beach pictures I would3try to cover up my leg with my hand or hold something in front of me. I would hide in a high-necked dress， or else4any swimsuit-wearing activities completely. I missed out on a lot of fun. I could not5the fact that I had these scars and that they were a6 .

When I was 19， one friend said to me， “Michelle， stop7 ！ Your burns are battle scars. You need to8them like a medal of honor！”

9 ， it took me 15 years to discover she was10 . There are so many people with disabilities， but they didnt feel11for themselves like I was.

Scars can be difficult to deal with. But in fact， its just12skin. Its not a life sentence. Im13that it took me so long to get over myself and my scars.

Life is about so much more than14about the flaws （瑕疵） on our15 . Now what I once considered burdens are indeed just battle wounds I can carry with pride.

1. A. popular B. practical C. fashionable D. advanced

2. A. head B. back C. face D. chest

3. A. desperately B. similarly C. happily D. painfully

4. A. post B. avoid C. organize D. join

5. A. get over B. find out C. go against D. look into

6. A. problem B. honor C. danger D. comfort

7. A. showing B. imagining C. hiding D. talking

8. A. care B. wear C. exhibit D. collect

9. A. Similarly B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Excitedly

10. A. reliable B. right C. fair D. honest

11. A. sorry B. regretful C. amazed D. angry

12. A. perfect B. old C. damaged D. ugly

13. A. surprised B. convinced C. curious D. disappointed

14. A. asking B. arguing C. worrying D. bringing

15. A. life B. character C. soul D. body

Writing

话题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：生存。要求我们了解人类生存所面临的问题，加深对生存这个话题的理解，并进一步结合想象写故事。

建议体裁：记叙文

注意事项：故事类文章是记叙文的一种，文章多以人物、事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结局展开。另见下表：

题例导学

题目

假定你是李华。你上周在原始森林参加了一次野外生存（wilderness survival）体验活动，请写一篇短文介绍你的体验经历，内容包括：

1. 遇到的挑战；

2. 克服挑战的过程；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

思路引导1·要点分析

1. 遇到的挑战：对寒冷或某些野生动物的恐惧等。

2. 克服挑战的过程：遇到紧急情况自己冷静处理或寻求队友的帮助等。

3. 你的感受：身体疲惫，但对此次经历念念不忘。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 我们别无选择，只能自己处理任何可能发生的紧急情况。（have no choice but to do）

2. 對我来说，最大的挑战是我害怕蛇。（be terrified of）

3. 最后我成功地完成了给我的所有任务，这显示了我的快速进步。（现在分词作状语）

4. 哪怕是再大的困难我也能克服。（however）

5. 我相信我永远不会忘记这段非常有益的经历。（which引导的定语从句）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

Last week， I participated in a wilderness survival activity together with some other adventurers. Before the activity， we were grouped separately. We had no choice but to deal with any emergency that might occur on our own. As for me， the largest challenge was that I was terrified of snakes. I lay awake in my tent the whole night. The next morning， I felt tired and sleepy， but I realized the importance of being brave. Finally， I succeeded in finishing all the tasks given to me， showing my rapid progress. However great the difficulties may be， I can overcome them.

I believe I will never forget this experience which is extremely rewarding.

话题表达

假定你是李华。你上周经历了一次地震，请写一篇短文介绍你在此次地震中的逃生经历，内容包括：

1. 事件的过程；

2. 你的感受。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1.but to do 别无选择，只能做……

2.construction 在建造中

3.with 与……一致

4. get afor 尝一尝

5.into 碰撞；坠毁

6. be为……贪婪

7.out  弄明白

8.在此期间，与此同时

9. getof  摆脱；丢弃

10.够不到

11.to  总计，共计

12.spot  当下，当场

13.a crime  犯罪

14.应付

15.out  消灭，彻底摧毁

16.of  由……组成

17. in预先，提前

18.公开揭露

句型

1. “only+状语（从句）”位于句首引起部分倒装

（只有那时我们才能） look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.

2. “no matter+疑問词”引导让步状语从句

（不管他犯了多少罪）， the police were powerless to arrest him.

3. if引导宾语从句

One option is to explore other planets to see （我们是否能在上面生活）.

4. have been doing

Since the 1960s， we（一直在向火星发射无人飞船）.

5. that引导同位语从句

There is no doubt（人类被火星所吸引）， with dreams of making it our second home.

开放式表达

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识就“生存”的话题，同大家分享你的经历并谈谈你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. It was an impressive night when...

2. With the help of...， we...

3. In a word， I believe we will...