2023-04-28
哺乳动物有各种各样的形状和大小,封面图上展示了一些最不为人所知和最不寻常的动物,从左上角顺时针方向开始分别是马岛长尾狸猫、霍氏树懒、马岛猬、白腹长尾穿山甲和指猴。Zoonomia项目对240 多种哺乳动物的基因组进行了测序,为理解哺乳动物的多样性、进化,以及人类本身铺平了前进的道路。
Mammals come in a widevariety of shapes and sizes, hererepresented by some of the leastwell known and most unusualcl o c k w i s e f r o m t o p l e f t : afossa, a Hoffmanns two-toedsloth, a lesser hedgehog tenrec,t w o t r e e ( o r whi t e - b e l l i e d )pangolins, and an aye-aye. TheZoonomia projects sequencingo f m o r e t h a n 2 4 0 m a m m a lgenomes is paving new roadsfor understanding mammaliand i v e r s i t y a n d e v o l u t i o n a n dourselves.
2023-05-05
免疫系统可以保护我们免于罹患癌症和感染疾病,它是通过一系列调节过程进行控制的强大武器。当它们失败时,免疫系统就会开始攻击宿主,这一过程被称为自身免疫。本期特刊着重论述了我们对自身免疫性疾病和免疫耐受调节等研究的最新进展。
The immune system protectsus from cancer and infection usinga powerful armamentarium thatis kept in check by an array ofregulatory processes. When theyfail, the immune system can startattacking the host in a processknown as autoimmunity. Thisspecial issue highlights recentadvances in our understandingof autoimmune diseases and theregulation of immune tolerance.
2023-05-12
封面圖上展示的是双髻鲨,它们白天在海洋表面附近形成鱼群,晚上潜入寒冷的深海捕食深海猎物。它们在深潜时会通过闭上鱼鳃保持体温——也就是有效地屏住呼吸。这种觅食策略与深潜海洋哺乳动物使用的策略类似。
S c a l l o p e d h a m m e r h e a dsharks (Sphyrna lewini) formdaytime schools near the oceanssurface and, at night, dive intocold, deep waters to hunt deepseaprey. They keep warm whiled e e p d i v i n g b y c l o s i n g t h e i rgills—effectively holding theirbreath. This foraging strategyis similar to strategies used bydeep-diving marine mammals.
2023-05-19
在过去30 年里,世界上一半以上的大湖泊在逐渐缩小。究其根源,人类用水、气候变暖及沉积是主要原因。封面图中所展示的鲍威尔湖,其曾经淹没在水中的湖壁现在已经变成了白色的地表,就是这种干涸趋势的例证。世界上近四分之一的人口居住在湖泊逐渐干涸的盆地,这无疑突出了管理解决方案的重要性。
M o r e t h a n h a l f o ft h e w o r l d s l a r g e s t l a k e sh a v e d e c l i n e d o v e r t h e p a s tt h r e e d e c a d e s . Human w a t e rconsumption, warming climate,and sedimentation are largelyresponsible. Lake Powell, shownhere, with its once-submergedw a l l s t h a t n o w a p p e a r a swhitened surfaces, exemplifies thisdrying trend. Nearly one-quarterof the worlds population residesin a basin with a drying lake,which underscores the importanceof management solutions.
(陶 陶 编译)