新闻报道读写指南

2023-07-24 08:48孙望蓉
疯狂英语·爱英语 2023年4期
关键词:疗养院导语新闻报道

孙望蓉

文体导读

一般认为,英语新闻可以分为“硬新闻(hard news)”和“软新闻(soft news)”两大类。硬新闻是指“纯新闻消息报道”,一般都是具有时效性的客观事实报道,如国际上的政治类新闻和社会新闻。软新闻是指比较偏重情感、生活类的社会新闻,不太注重时效性。高考英语选用的英语新闻多属于软新闻,并且常常会在新闻中融入“评价”部分。

新闻作为信息传播媒介,有着词汇简单而具体的特点。英语新闻通常使用大写字母、戏剧性标题、简短的段落、简洁的句子来增强新闻的趣味性。

策略导航

最常见的新闻写作手法是“倒金字塔”法,也就是把最重要的内容放在开头,后面的内容按照重要性程度依次递减的顺序,依次排列。(如下图)

因此,新闻报道的阅读一般采用“倒金字塔”法。新闻报道的理解需要重点关注其导语部分。导语一般以简练而生动的文字介绍新闻事件中最重要的内容,揭示新闻的主题,往往是最精练、最重要的部分。阅读导语时,可重点圈画出基本要素,即五个“W”和一个“H”。需要注意的是,有些新闻导语没有完整涵盖五个“W”和一个“H”,只提及其中的某几个要素。

在阅读时,我们还需要注意区分事实和观点。新闻报道中涉及“评价”部分的,一般都是询问新闻事件涉及的特定群体对该事件的观点和态度,借助新闻里的人物的话语表达报道人的某种观点。我们要分清楚哪些是支撑细节,哪些是观点、态度。此外,我们要特别留意新闻中人物的语言,尤其是表达观点或态度的词汇,例如形容词。

新闻报道的写作,也可采用“倒金字塔”法。我们可以先搭建支架,再填充相关语料,进行写作。

素材导背

the empty?nest elderly/empty nester 空巢老人

the old/elderly 老人

the young 年轻人

the chairman/president of the Students Union 学生会主席

reporter/journalist 记者

dream of 梦想

take on sth 承担某事

launch 发起;开始从事

fire 激起热情

start 启动;创办

introduce 推行;引进

carry on sth/doing sth 继续某事/做某事

pay a visit to some place 参观某地

drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人

call on sb 访问/拜访某人

join sb 加入某人

participate in 参加

as scheduled/planned 按照预定的时间/原计划

Here comes the detailed information. 以下是详细信息。

at first 首先

first of all 首先

at the beginning 从一开始;首先

at the very start 从一开始;首先

when it comes to sth 当提到某事时

what follows is... 紧接着的是……

afterwards 以后;后来

subsequently 随后;后来;之后;接着

take care of 照顾;处理

attend 看护

chat with sb 和某人聊天

give a performance 表演节目

play games 玩游戏

I think/feel/find it+adj.+to do sth 我認为/感觉/发现做某事……

Just as the saying goes, ... 正如一句名言所说,……

enrich ones life 丰富某人的生活

broaden ones horizons 开阔眼界

enlarge ones circle of friends 扩大朋友圈

develop a sense of responsibility 培养责任感

案例导练

Feeling less lonely with hens company

The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look af?ter to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness andimprove elderly peoples well?being. It is also being used to help patients suffering demen?tia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use ofmedicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80?year?old Ruth Xavier. She said,“I usedto keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before Iwent to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting thehens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.

“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to seethe hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activi?ties, and it feels great to have done something useful.”

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the NorthEast, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said,“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative ses?sions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said,“We are happy to be taking partin the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and cre?ative activities.”

Ⅱ. 语言汲取

(一)介绍事件的核心表达

1. 人物背景

staff 全体职工

elderly resident 年老的居民

local charity 当地的慈善组织

care home 护理中心;疗养院

extra care manager 额外护理经理

one of the first to do... 第一批做……的人之一

2. 事件的经过

be down 到……

dream up 凭空想出;虚构出

be used to do... 被用来做……

in the use of sth 某物的使用

be in use ……在使用中

used to do 过去常常做……

give sb financial support 给某人财政支援

roll out 正式推出(新产品);开展(新的政治运动)

embark on 从事;着手

take part in 参加……

3. 事件的结果或意义

stop sb doing sth 阻止某人做某事

improve sbs well?being 提升某人的幸福(感)

It feels great to do sth. 做某事感觉太棒了。

welcome the idea of 欣然接受……的观点

look forward to 期待……

bring benefits and fun to people 给人们带来益处和欢乐

connect sb through sth 通过某事连接某人

4. 其他

look after 照料;照顾

(二)精彩表达

1. Among those taking part in the project is 80?year?old Ruth Xavier. 在那些参加这个项目的人中就有80岁的Ruth Xavier。

本句是一个倒装句,正常语序是“80?year?old Ruth Xavier is among those takingpart in the project.”,其中taking part in the project是非谓语作后置定语,修饰those。

2. There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East.目前在英国东北部的20家疗养院中,有700名老年人在照料母鸡。

本句是there be结构,句子的主语是700 elderly people,其后的looking after hensin 20 care homes是动词?ing 形式作后置定语。

3. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embarkon the project, said, ... Wendy Wilson是彭福街60号的额外护理经理,也是第一批开始此项目中的一员,(她)说道……

本句的主干是Wendy Wilson said...,主语Wendy Wilson后跟了两个名词性结构extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street 和one of the first to embark on the project,均是Wendy Wilson的同位语。

Ⅲ. 句式仿写

1. 在那些深受老年人喜爱的项目当中,就有照料母鸡这一项。

__________________________is looking after hens.

2. 在音乐室里,有30个学生在唱歌。

__________________________in the music room.

3. 李华是学生会主席,(他)说道,他很高兴看到老人们在疗养院都过得很开心。

_______________________, said that he was veryhappy to see the elderly people enjoy themselves in the care home.

Ⅳ. 写作实践

假定你是李华,是学校英语广播站的一名记者,上周日,校志愿者协会(VolunteerAssociation)的同学们去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节。请你为校英语广播节目写一篇英文简讯,报道本次活动,内容包括:

1. 活动时间、地点及参与人员;

2. 活动内容;

3. 活动意义。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3. 至少有两处需要使用文本中解析过的句式。

Hello, everyone._______________________

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