A Bond of Trust: Guides and Athletesat Paralympics信任的纽带: 残奥会上的领赛员和运动员

Intense races during the Paralympics Games reveal the “shadow heroes” who work with Paralympians， as guides play an important role in helping para-athletes reach their potential and battle for supremacy in sports.

Since the London 2012 Paralympics， guides have also received medals in certain events such as athletics and cycling.

殘奥会期间，激烈的比赛展现了与残奥会运动员一起比赛的“影子英雄”。作为领赛员，他们在帮助残奥会运动员发挥潜力和争夺比赛优势方面发挥着重要作用。

自2012年伦敦残奥会以来，领赛员在田径和自行车等特定项目中获得过奖牌。

Para-cycling

残奥会自行车比赛

Para-cycling has track and road events.

Athletes with limb impairments use a bicycle and para-cyclists who can only use their upper body use a handcycle， which as the name implies is paddled by hand. Athletes with cerebral palsy use a tricycle.

The two-wheeled tandem is used by athletes with a visual impairment， with a sighted guide riding in the front. Such a guide is called the “pilot”， and will make tactical decisions.

残奥会自行车比赛分为场地自行车赛和公路自行车赛。

肢体残疾的运动员使用两轮自行车，下半身残疾的运动员只能使用手动自行车，顾名思义，手动自行车是用手驱动的。脑瘫的运动员使用三轮车。

两轮双人自行车是视力受损的运动员使用的，由一名视力良好的领赛员在前面驾驶。这样的领赛员被称为“领骑员”，负责制定战术决策。

Para-swimming

残奥会游泳比赛

Para-swimming features different levels based on the type and level of athletes impairment to ensure the competition is as fair as possible.

Swimmers can use different starting methods during the swimming events. For example， swimmers with a visual impairment can locate themselves in the pool by touching the lane rope with their body.

A guide in such event is known as a “tapper” because they tap the swimmers head or body with a tapping device to signal the start or finish of the race.

残奥会游泳比赛会根据运动员的残疾类型和级别设置不同的等级，以确保比赛的公平性。

在游泳项目中，游泳运动员可以使用不同的方法开始比赛。例如，视力有障碍的游泳运动员可以用身体触碰泳道绳来定位自己在泳池中的位置。

在这类比赛中，领赛员被称为“轻拍员”，因为他们用轻拍装置轻拍游泳运动员的头部或身体，发出比赛开始或结束的信号。

Para-athletics

残奥会田径比赛

Athletes with a visual impairment can compete with guide runners.

According to how much their impairment affects their performance， athletes are placed into different competition categories， consisting of a prefix “T” or “F” plus a number as T stands for “track” and F means “field” events.

T/F11， T/F12 and T/F13 are for visually impaired athletes. T11 means total visual impairment and T12 implies low vision.

“Sport Class T11 athletes run with the guide and Sport Class T12 competitors can choose whether to run with a guide runner or alone，” noted the Olympics.com.

Runners and their guide runners stay together by holding onto a rope and running side by side.

Safety always comes first and guide runners can verbally communicate information about the course， times and surroundings in guiding the athlete to the finish line.

Leading the runner or crossing the finish line ahead of the runner results in disqualification， according to the rules.

视力受损的运动员可以与领跑员一起参加比赛。

根据残疾对成绩的影响程度，运动员被分为不同的比赛类别，分别由缀“T”或“F”加上一个数字组成，T代表“径赛”项目，F代表“田赛”项目。

T/F11、T/F12、T/F13为视障运动员专用。T11表示视力完全受损，T12表示视力低下。

奥林匹克网指出：“运动级别T11的运动员带着领跑员参赛，运动级别T12的运动员可以选择带着领跑员参赛或独自参赛。”

运动员和他们的领跑员抓住一根绳子，一起并肩跑。

安全永远是第一位的，在引导运动员到达终点的过程中，领跑员可以口头传达路线、时间、周围环境等信息。

比赛规则规定：领跑员若领先运动员或先于运动员越过终点线将被取消参赛资格。