王建璞
明洪武年間,有一位叫刘翰林的京官,外放到山东牟平县任县令。
刘县令到任时,正赶上秀才会考。第一名的秀才叫曲天宝,人长的清秀端庄,却时常眉头禁锁。刘县令心想:“难道其中有不为外人道的隐情?或许其中有诈!”刘县令灵机一动,叫来师爷,吩咐他知会前十名的秀才明天务必到县衙,本县要亲自面试。
坏了,这下可摊上大事了!原来曲天宝的父亲是城东曲家村的大财主曲维利,他想给不争气的儿子糊弄个前程,自己面子上也有光。
秀才会考前,财主忽然想到,何不让在自己家打长工的那个叫贺长庚的青年替考呢。想到做到,马上叫来了贺长庚,命他用曲天宝的名字应试。若不去,马上还债滚蛋;若中了秀才,免去债务;若中了前三甲,还给十两银子的彩头。贺长庚仰天长叹:“天不佑人,自己无缘求取功名,却要替别人做这违背道德之事。罢、罢、罢,为了母亲,我去就是。”
贺长庚以曲天宝之名去应试,考取了第一名。
这一天,财主请了六桌宴席,受宴请的亲朋好友都愣然了。这简直就是天方夜谭,大字不识几个的曲天宝竟中了头名秀才!大家正在推杯换盏时,闯进二名衙役,告诉财主:“叫曲天宝明天到县衙面试,违者重责!”
无奈之下,财主想了个两全之策,如果仅是面试,叫天宝上去;如果又得笔试,瞅机会叫贺长庚替换。贺长庚只得随曲天宝进城。
面试时,刘县令查出财主找人替儿子应试之事后,将财主拘押到县衙,当面斥责,罚白银五十两,免去责打。财主领着儿子灰溜溜地回去了。
刘县令传贺长庚到堂前问话:“贺长庚你可知罪?”贺长庚说:“学生知罪,但情有可原。学生家境贫寒,生计窘迫。年少时,曾为富家子弟当了几年伴读,识得几个字。家中母亲体弱多病,父亲靠打工砍柴为生。谁知祸从天降,前年冬天,父亲上山砍柴时,不小心跌落山崖,当找到他时,已是回天无术,母亲也几次昏厥不省人事。为了给母亲治病,我不得不变卖了家中所有值钱的物件,还欠了曲天宝家的债。为此,我到他家打长工还债,谁知老财主竟威逼利诱我,替他儿子考取功名,为了母亲,我只得出此下策,还望县老爷明鉴。”
刘县令长叹一声,说:“贺长庚,替考虽污你的清德,但念你奉母至孝,赦你无罪。起来吧,一旁站下。”
刘县令传那九名秀才上堂,让师爷每人发一张白纸。刘县令说:“今天面试很简单,来猜一条谜语。谜语是:‘山高遮不住兔子,兔子小能吞山。打一个字,限半个时辰。”
时辰一到,只有三个人交了有字的卷子。刘县令说:“贺长庚,你为何写了个‘卿字?”贺长庚说:“八卦中‘艮为山,地支中‘卯为兔,乃是常理。‘艮山居中,‘卯兔分列两旁,当然山高遮不住兔子,兔子小能吞山。不知是否是此理,望县老爷明示。”
刘县令哈哈大笑说:“剖析的很准确,长庚,你前途无量啊,第一名的秀才非你莫属。第二名秀才写的是个‘峁字,答的不对,但也有点意思;第三名秀才写了个‘巉字,难为你想到这个有山有兔的生僻字,也属不易。第二、三名秀才,我封了两份小礼物,内中有笔一支、墨一块,作为奖励。其余在场的学生,你们要多读书,博文广记,早日取得功名,报效朝廷,造福百姓。贺长庚留下,其余的回家去吧。”
刘县令对贺长庚说:“给你纹银五十两,在城内租间房子,把你母亲接来,好方便治病。我初来此地,也没带家眷,你在侍奉母亲之余,到县衙给我当个小厮(随从),每日我给你三钱银子,可否?”贺长庚忙跪倒在地,十分恭谨地道:“县老爷对我恩重如山,学生一定从命。”
一年后,贺长庚母亲病故。后来,贺长庚鞍前马后服侍刘县令,刘县令也视长庚如子,精心培养,悉心呵护。
三年后,牟平大治。经吏部考评报备,刘县令升任青州府知府,贺长庚也随同启程。
刘县令走了,贺长庚也走了。这一个谜语的故事却在牟平一代又一代地传了下来。
During the reign of Emperor Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, an official of the central government named Liu Hanlin was sent to Muping County, Shandong Province, to be the county magistrate.
When he arrived there to take the office, it was just the time for the imperial examination at the county level to select scholars. Qu Tianbao, a handsome and dignified young man, got the first place in the examination. Seeing the frequent frowning of Qu, Magistrate Liu thought to himself, “Are there some secrets in this young man? Or perhaps there are frauds!” Suddenly, a good idea occurred to him. He sent in his private adviser and told him to inform all the top ten scholars that all of them must come to the county government the next day and take an interview by him.
Oh, no! Something serious was to happen now! It turned out that Qu Tianbaos father was Qu Weili, a wealthy man from Qujia Village in the east of the city. He wanted to get a future for his disappointing son by deception and maintain his face.
Just before the examination, the wealthy man suddenly thought of an idea. Why not let He Changgeng, a young man working in his house take the examination for his son! Soon, he had He Changgeng summoned in and ordered him to take the exam under the name of Qu Tianbao.