Journal of Economics of Water Resources

Vol.41No.6Nov.30th2023

Spatial-temporalevolutioncharacteristicsandinfluencingfactorsofwaterresourcesuseefficiencyofChina’sThreeMajorRiverBasins/TIAN Ze1,FANG Qi1,CHEN Yifei2(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 213001,China; 2.Business School,Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205; China)

Abstract:For China to build an ecological society and achieve high-quality development of the basins,scientific and efficient use of water resources is a necessity.To provide strategic support for the effective improvement of water resources use efficiency in the basins,a comparative study on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of water resource super-efficiency in the Yangtze River basin,Yellow River basin,and Pearl River basin is conducted.The super-efficiency SBM model of non-expected output was used to measure the water resources use efficiency of each province and region based on the panel data of 21 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in the three basins from 2011 to 2020.Combining the methods of kernel density estimation and the Tobit regression model,a multi-level analysis of water resources use efficiency in the basins was conducted from the perspectives of time series evolution,spatial characteristics and influencing factors of water resources use efficiency.The study demonstrates that during the research period,the Yangtze River basin had the highest water resource use efficiency while the Pearl River basin had the lowest.It also demonstrates that there are some spatial differences in water resource use efficiency as well as the influence of factors like economic development,industrial structure,and import and export demand.Effective suggestions are made based on the research's findings to increase the water resources use efficiency.

Keywords:water resources use efficiency; space-time evolution; influencing factors; the Yangtze River basin; Yellow River basin; Pearl River basin

StudyontheimpactofdigitaleconomyontheefficiencyofgreendevelopmentintheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt/YIN Qingmin,LU Peng(School of Business,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:In order to explore the impact of digital economy on the green development efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Based on the SBM-ML index measurement of the green development efficiency of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2011-2020,this paper uses the model of adjustment effect and quantile regression and threshold model to implement an empirical analysis.The research results shows that:The development of digital economy in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significantly improved the efficiency of green development,and the promotion effect of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is stronger than that of the lower reaches,which plays a role in bridging the inter-regional green development gap.The urbanization level and urban-rural income gap in the Yangtze River Economic Belt both negatively moderated the impact of digital economy on the efficiency of green development,but there were differences between the two regions in exerting the moderating effect; With the increase of R&D investment,the development of digital economy presents a nonlinear feature of positive marginal increase on green development efficiency.

Keywords:digital economy; green development efficiency; urbanization; urban-rural income gap; research and development investment; the Yangtze River Economic Belt

ResearchontheinfluencemechanismandtradeefficiencyofgreendevelopmentinCentralandEasternEuropeancountriesonexporttradeintheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt/MA Jun1,2,3,MENG Yao1(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Water Resources and Sustainable Development,Nanjing 210098,China; 3.Collaborative Innovation Center for Coastal Development and Protection,Nanjing 210098,China)

Abstract:The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a major force in China's foreign trade,and its economic and trade ties and cooperation with central and eastern Europe have become increasingly close.In order to explore the influence mechanism and trade efficiency of the green development of Central and Eastern European countries on the export trade of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,a stochastic frontier gravity model was constructed,and green development variables in the trade inefficiency model were selected by combining the entropy weight method to obtain the action mechanism and trade efficiency of the variables.The analysis showed that:On the whole,the green development level of CEE countries can promote the export trade of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,but different explanatory variables have different directions.The average export efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt to CEE countries is 0.568,with significant differences among countries.Most CEE countries belong to the type of market expansion and development.The trade potential of Poland,Romania and the Czech Republic is large,while that of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Moldova is small,with huge space for trade expansion.There is obvious spatial heterogeneity of export trade efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,with higher export trade efficiency values in the upper and lower reaches.

Keywords:the Yangtze River Economic Belt; Central and Eastern European countries; green “Belt and Road"; stochastic frontier gravity model;trade efficiency; trade potential

Studyontheevaluationofsmallreservoiroperationandmanagementbasedonvariablefuzzyevaluationmethod/ZHANG Changzheng1,2,3,LI Hongmei1,3(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization Cooperative Innovation Center,Nanjing 211100,China; 3.Institute of Industrial Economics,ohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:This paper analyses the hierarchy of small reservoir operation and management from three aspects:management foundation,management content and management effect,and constructs a small reservoir operation and management evaluation index system including management input,management guarantee,safety management,engineering operation management,information management,functional compliance and environmental protection,with a total of 24 indicators.On this basis,the weight of each index was determined by the sequential relationship method,and a small reservoir operation and management evaluation model based on variable fuzzy evaluation method was established and analysed with a small reservoir in Fujian as an example.The results show that the reservoir is deficient in the three aspects of funding implementation,species diversity and vegetation coverage,but the overall level of operation and management is good and tends to be excellent,which matches the actual situation.This indicates that the model constructed based on the variable fuzzy evaluation method is reliable in the evaluation of the operation and management of small reservoirs,which is conducive to identifying the relative shortcomings of the operation and management of small reservoirs,and provides empirical evidence to ensure the safe operation of small reservoirs.

Keywords:small reservoirs; operation and management evaluation; sequential relation analysis; variable fuzzy evaluation

StudyonecologicalcompensationoftheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltbasedon“consumptionoutput”ecologicalfootprintmodel/LING Dandan1,CHEN Junfei1,2,3,LYU Zhouyang1,DING Tonghui1(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu China; 2.Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu China; 3.Jiangsu Research Base of Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu China)

Abstract:Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a case study,based on the "consumption output" ecological footprint model and ecosystem service value model,this paper uses the revised equivalent factor to calculate the ecosystem service value of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The article introduces the priority and coefficient of ecological compensation,constructs a quantitative model of ecological compensation,calculates and determines the priority and horizontal compensation amount of ecological compensation in various provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Research shows that:During the study period,the consumption footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a steady growth trend,while the output ecological footprint showed a fluctuating growth trend in general; There is a significant imbalance in the value of ecosystem services among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The four upstream provinces and cities are typical "ecological output areas",while the downstream provinces and cities are typical "ecological input areas"; The provinces and cities with strong ecological sustainability in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the belt,showing an overall trend of "high in the west and low in the east"; The total amount of ecological compensation paid and received by the Yangtze River Economic Belt is positive,and the overall amount of ecological compensation received is less than the amount of ecological compensation paid.

Keywords:“consumption output” ecological footprint; ecosystem service value; the Yangtze River Economic Belt; ecological compensation

StudyonecologicalcompensationstandardsinthewatersourceareaofthewaterdiversionprojectinCentralandSouthernNingxiabasedonopportunitycost/SU Huiyan1,LI Jinya1,2,WEI Yiming1,WU Jiawei1(1.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China; 2.Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

Abstract:In order to consider the interests of both parties participating in the water diversion project and to calculate a more appropriate ecological compensation standard,this paper takes the water source area of Jingyuan County of the water diversion project in central and southern Ningxia as an example,builds the ecological compensation model for water source areas based on opportunity cost.Considering that the economic growth of the water-receiving area has a significant role in promoting the development and functioning of the ecological compensation mechanism,the model is used to not only calculate and analyze the direct cost and opportunity cost of ecological compensation,but also to apply the principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify the actual payment capacity of the receiving area,and using the measured ecological compensation coefficient to correct the ecological protection cost from 2017 to 2020.The results showed that:The amount of ecological compensation that Jingyuan County can obtain in the initial stage of compensation,considering the economic payment capacity of the water-receiving area,is 76.2394—175.8568 million Yuan.The direct cost of ensuring the safety of water transfer and repairing environmental damage caused by water diversion accounts for the largest proportion in the study area,especially in water conservancy construction and forestry construction,according to an analysis of the direct cost and opportunity cost of ecological compensation in the Jingyuan water source area.The decrease in industrial opportunity cost and the shift in agriculture opportunity cost loss in Jingyuan County amply demonstrate the necessity of taking steps to optimize the forest and grass industry and energetically grow the green light industry sector.

Keywords:ecological compensation standard; opportunity cost; water diversion project; coefficient of eco-compensation;principal component analysis; Southern Ningxia

Evolutionandcharacteristicanalysisofindustry-university-researchpatentcooperationnetworkofChinawaterconservancyconstruction/ZHOU Haiwei1,2,WANG Fei1,2,WANG Mengjiao1,2(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.The Institute of Strategic Management,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:In order to promote the solution of the current problems of the leading role of industry-university-research science and technology in China’s water conservancy construction and the lack of motivation for the transformation of cooperative innovation achievements,this study is based on the cooperative patent data in the field of water conservancy construction in China from 1987 to 2021,and uses the social network analysis method to explore the evolution trend and characteristics of China’s industry-university-research patent cooperation network for water conservancy construction from macro and micro perspectives,so as to help the deep integration of industry,university and research in water conservancy construction and serve the construction of a strong water conservancy country.The results show that there are four stages in the evolution process of the whole network,including the expansion of the network scale,the decrease of the density,the decrease of the central potential first and then the rise of the small-world network effect.The network structure presents the characteristics of multi-core distribution,local aggregation and overall loose.In the aspect of individual network,the centrality of industry and research and the advantages of structural holes are obvious.The core position of industry in the cooperative mode is prominent.The regional distribution of the main body is more in the east and less in the west,and the cooperation network has a tendency to spread to the Midwest.The topic of cooperation technology focuses on the field of engineering structure and gradually integrates emerging digital technologies such as big data,Internet and artificial intelligence.

Keywords:water conservancy construction; industry-university-research; patent cooperation; social network analysis; network evolution

Characteristicsandtrendsofwaterenvironmentpolicyevolutionintheyangtzeriverdeltaarea:ananalysisofpolicytextbasedonLDAandSNA/WAN Xin,PAN Junnan,ZHANG Zixia,ZHANG Yi(School of Business,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:Water environment policies in the Yangtze River Delta area and their issuing departments were collected from 2005 to 2021,and were divided into two phases.LDA modeling method was used to identify the topics contained in the policy of the two phases as well as their evolutionary trends.Then,SNA was employed to build the networks of department-department and department-topic,upon which the characteristics and development trends regarding the relationships between the departments and between the policy topics and the departments can be detected.The results showed that there were both reinforcement and innovation for the policy topics from urban,rural,basin water pollution and drinking water safety at the first phase to the emergence of river and lake management and groundwater management at the second phase.Several sub-groups among the issuing departments and typical joint issuing modes were observed during the two phases.It was also found that the core departments have a stable corresponding relation with the core topics,and the differences embody the progress of governments regarding the philosophy and approach to cross-regional environment regulation.By revealing the progress and trends of water environment policy in the Yangtze River Delta area,this study provides useful references for regional policy optimization and departmental collaborative governance.

Keywords:water environment policy;LDA; SNA; issuing departments; the Yangtze River Delta Area

ResearchonthechangesofirrigationandwaterconservancypoliciesinirrigationareassincethefoundingofP.R.China/LIU Xin,JIA Meiqi(School of Public Administration,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

Abstract:This study moderately combines and expands the theoretical framework of intermittent equilibrium and policy paradigm,enriching the application of intermittent equilibrium theory in the study of public policy changes in China.427 irrigation area farmland water conservancy policy texts from 72 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China are selected as the research object,and policy quantification methods such as social network analysis and co-word clustering are used to excavate the content of policy texts.This paper analyzes the changing landscape of farmland water conservancy policies in irrigation areas in China from three aspects:policy subjects,policy themes and policy tools.The results show that the governance concepts of farmland water conservancy policies in irrigated areas in China at different stages have led to different characteristics and rules of formulating subjects,policy themes and policy tools,and the value concepts,focus events,and organic interactions between the central and local governments jointly drive the intermittent changes of farmland water conservancy policies in irrigated areas.It is proposed to promote the opening of farmland water conservancy policy in irrigation areas,establish a long-term mechanism for comprehensive management of irrigation areas,give full play to the effect of comprehensive farmland water conservancy policy tools,and improve the response mechanism to key events in irrigation areas.

Keywords:irrigation area; farmland water conservancy policies; policy changes; intermittent equilibrium; water resource

Thepathofdigitaltwintechnologyempoweringconstructionofwaterconservancyprojects/SONG Min1,2,ZHOU Yiwen1,2(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.Investment Institute,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:In view of the current bottlenecks in the integration and interaction between water conservancy engineering construction and digital information technology,this paper is based on the original construction management ideas of water conservancy engineering,combined with digital twin technology to implement a systematic digital twin modeling.This paper analyzed the real dilemma in the development process of water conservancy engineering construction,and explored the path of digital twin technology to empower water conservancy engineering construction management.The research results show that the empowerment of digital twin technology provides a new direction and channel for water conservancy construction management,and the mutual mapping between its physical ontology and virtual data can effectively improve the scientific and efficient understanding,analysis,prediction,optimization and auxiliary decision making of water conservancy projects by managers,which is also important to improve the quality and efficiency of water conservancy project management.

Keywords:digital twins;construction of water conservancy projects; empowerment; management path

Astudyonthepracticeofbuildingdigitaltwinwatershedsinthecontextofdigitaleconomy/LU Yang1,ZHAO Xingxing2(1.Institute of Water Culture,Hohai University,Nanjing 210024,China ; 2.Nanjing Zhongyu lntelligent Water Conservancy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210011,China)

Abstract:In response to the challenges and difficulties faced by the construction of digital twin watersheds in the context of the digital economy,a technical architecture to realize “three transformations” of water data to meet the demands of elementalization in water resources data is studied,(i.e.resourcization,assetization and capitalization) is explored.The implementation path of the digital twin watershed construction in Jiangsu Province is studied based on the four synergies between the Internet of Things and intelligent connection,data and hub,supply side and demand side,and physical and virtual worlds.Through the study of the “three transformations” mode,the value of water resources data can be unlocked,and through the practice of the “four synergies”,the digital transformation of water industry can be supported.

Keywords:digital economy; digital twin watershed; data elementalization; digitalization transformation; Jiangsu Province

Researchontheinfluencemechanismofthetransformationandupgradingofwaterconservancydesignenterprisesfromthedigitalperspective/XUE Song1,2,3,SHA Zhou1,2,QIU Lingyang4(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 2.Institute of Project Management,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China; 3.Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization,Nanjing 211100,China;4.Hangzhou South Drainage Project Construction Management Service Center,Hangzhou 310002)

Abstract:In response to the higher requirements for organizational form and business processes of smart water conservancy engineering projects,what path will traditional water conservancy engineering design enterprises adopt to achieve transformation and upgrading? Based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Necessity Analysis (NCA) methods,this paper analyzes the impact mechanism and action path of transformation and upgrading of water conservancy engineering design enterprises.The results indicate that enterprise innovation and dynamic capabilities are necessary conditions for promoting transformation and upgrading,and digitalization has a positive impact on transformation and upgrading; There is a mediating role between enterprise innovation and dynamic capabilities in digitization and transformation and upgrading.The above research conclusions contribute to enriching the empirical research on the relationship between digitization and transformation and upgrading.At the same time,this article proposes suggestions for improving transformation efficiency from the perspectives of digital construction,talent strategy,and dynamic capabilities.

Keywords:water conservancy; digitization; enterprise innovation; dynamic ability; transformation and upgrading

Researchonpost-epidemicdevelopmentofDujiangyanscenicspotbasedonCAStheory/LI Feng,PENG Yan(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:In order to realize the post-epidemic recovery and development of water conservancy scenic spots,combined with the theory of complex adaptive system,this paper explores the complexity of the water conservancy scenic spot system,and sorts out the adaptation mechanism of the four main bodies of the water conservancy scenic spot government,consumers,enterprises,retailers,and managers.Taking Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Scenic Spot as an example,the stimulus-response model is used to study the problems of single participants,limited business development,weakened cultural and recreational service functions,and insufficient economic growth momentum in the post-epidemic development of scenic spots.The countermeasures of maintaining the internal stability of the system,coordinating internal and external development elements,and innovating the platform display provide a practical and effective basis for the future development of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Scenic Area.

Keywords:complex adaptive system; Dujiangyan water conservancy scenic area; post-epidemic era; stimulus-response model

ResearchonthesuitabilityevaluationofspatiallayoutofwaterconservancyscenicareaclustersandsceniczonesintheYellowRiverBasin/LIU Changhui1,2,ZHAO Nan1,2,DONG Qing3,LI Weihua1,2,LI Qinying1,2,MENG Ming1,2,ZHU Shihua4,ZHU Keying1,2(1.Yellow River Engineering Consulting CO.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China; 2.Key Laboratory of Water Mangement and Water Security for Yellow River Basin,Ministr of Water Resources(Under Construction),Hengzhou 450003,CHINA; 3.Bureau of Comprehensive Development Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100032,China; 4.Quzhou Water Conservancy Bureau,Quzhou 324000; China)

Abstract:In order to improve the overall layout of water conservancy scenic spots and promote the construction of water conservancy scenic spots clusters and scenic belts,a macro layout evaluation system for water conservancy scenic spots in the Yellow River Basin was constructed based on existing achievements and expert opinions.The weights of the indicator system were analyzed in a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,and the expert scoring matrix was modified using particle swarm optimization algorithm.And based on the weights,the suitability zones for the construction of water conservancy scenic spots clusters and scenic belts in the Yellow River Basin were constructed.The macro layout of the "five clusters and six belts" water conservancy scenic spots in the Yellow River Basin and 56 counties (districts) suitable for the construction of clusters and scenic belts were proposed,and the strategies for the construction of clusters and scenic belts were proposed from macro,meso,and micro perspectives.

Keywords:water conservancy scenic area; macro layout; cluster; scenery belt; the Yellow River Basin

Analysisonthepathofwaterecologicaltourismhelpingruralrevitalization-acasestudyofXinghuaCounty,JiangsuProvince/ZHANG Bo1,LI Feng2(1.School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100; 2.President’s Office of Hohai University,Nanjing 211100)

Abstract:Rural tourism is an important means to promote economic development and cultural exchange in rural areas.It is of great significance to promote Rural Revitalization and solve the problems of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers".Taking Xinghua County,Jiangsu Province as an example,this paper analyzes the development status and difficulties of rural tourism in Xinghua County from the perspective of helping rural revitalization.It is found that there are some difficulties in rural tourism in Xinghua County,such as weak public service system,poor effect of industrial integration,insufficient excavation of local culture and low degree of farmers' participation.Finally,invest funds from multiple channels to improve the public service system; Innovate and improve tourism products and deepen industrial integration development; Strengthen the excavation of local culture and deepen the connotation of tourism culture; Deepening the subjective status of farmers and establishing a fair benefit distribution mechanism,this paper puts forward the optimization path,in order to provide a new development direction for rural tourism in Xinghua County and promote the effective implementation of Rural Revitalization.

Keywords:rural tourism; rural revitalization; dilemma; path optimization; Xinghua